When to use
Use this when standing up a new server or service, preparing for an audit, or reducing attack surface on existing infrastructure. It maps configuration to a defensive baseline and ranks the fixes by impact.
METHOD
- Identify the target. Note the OS, runtime, exposed services, and network position (internet-facing vs. internal). Pick the relevant baseline (CIS benchmark, vendor guide).
- OS & accounts. Check patch level, disabled root SSH login, key-only auth, minimal sudoers, no default/shared accounts, and password/lockout policy.
- Network & services. Verify firewall default-deny, only required ports open, no unneeded daemons, and TLS with modern ciphers on every listener.
- Application config. Confirm secure headers, disabled debug/verbose errors, least-privilege service accounts, resource limits, and secrets sourced from a vault.
- Logging & monitoring. Ensure audit logging is on, logs ship off-host, and alerts exist for auth failures and privilege changes.
- Prioritize. Rank each gap by exposure and exploitability; internet-facing and privilege-related gaps first.
OUTPUT FORMAT
- Target profile — OS, services, exposure, baseline used.
- Checklist table — Control | Category | Status (Pass/Fail/N-A) | Evidence | Fix.
- Prioritized fixes — Critical → Low, each with effort estimate.
- Baseline drift note — what to re-check periodically.