Usability Testing

Usability Testing -- Research Skill Pack

Structured methodology for planning, executing, and analyzing usability tests. Integrates with the Memoire research pipeline to transform raw observations into actionable design decisions.

Test Planning Methodology

1. Define Research Questions

Every test starts with 3-5 focused research questions. Format:

RQ1: Can users complete [task] without assistance?
RQ2: Where do users hesitate or make errors during [flow]?
RQ3: How does [new pattern] compare to [existing pattern] in efficiency?

2. Choose Test Type

3. Determine Fidelity

Task Scenario Design

Anatomy of a Good Task

Context:  You are shopping for a birthday gift for a friend.
Trigger:  You want to find a book under $30 and add it to your cart.
Goal:     Complete the purchase using the saved payment method.

Rules

1. Write scenarios, not instructions. Say "Find a book under $30" not "Click the search bar, type books, click filter."
2. Avoid leading language. Do not mention UI elements by name.
3. Include realistic context. Why is the user doing this?
4. Define clear completion criteria. What state means success?
5. Order tasks from simple to complex. Build confidence before testing harder flows.

Task Template

Moderated Testing Protocol

Before the Session

1. Pilot test with 1 internal participant -- fix unclear tasks
2. Prepare consent form (recording, data usage)
3. Set up recording (screen + audio minimum; camera optional)
4. Prepare facilitator guide with exact script

Facilitator Guide Structure

1. Welcome and consent          (2 min)
2. Background questions         (3 min)
3. Task scenarios               (25-35 min)
4. Post-task questionnaire      (5 min)
5. Debrief and open questions   (5 min)

Facilitation Rules

• Use the think-aloud protocol: "Tell me what you are thinking as you go."
• Never answer questions about the interface. Redirect: "What would you expect to happen?"
• Note moments of confusion, hesitation, backtracking, and verbal frustration.
• Record timestamps for each task start and task completion.
• If participant is stuck for more than 2 minutes, offer a hint. After 3 minutes, assist and note the failure.

Unmoderated Testing Protocol

Platform Setup

Configure in tools such as UserTesting, Maze, or Lookback:

1. Welcome screen with consent and instructions
2. Screener questions to validate participant fit
3. Task sequence with success URLs or click targets
4. Post-task single ease question (SEQ) after each task
5. Final SUS questionnaire
6. Thank-you screen with compensation details

Task Validation

• Define success paths (correct click sequence)
• Define failure indicators (wrong page, timeout, abandon)
• Set maximum task duration
• Include at least one baseline task that should be trivially easy

Metrics

Core Metrics

Standardized Questionnaires

SUS Calculation

1. For odd-numbered questions (1,3,5,7,9): score - 1
2. For even-numbered questions (2,4,6,8,10): 5 - score
3. Sum all adjusted scores
4. Multiply by 2.5
5. Result is 0-100

Recruitment and Sampling

Sample Size Guidelines

Screener Design

1. Demographics (age, location, occupation)
2. Technology proficiency (devices, frequency)
3. Domain experience (relevant product/service usage)
4. Disqualifiers (employees, competitors, recent participants)
5. Availability and compensation agreement

Recruitment Sources

• User database / CRM (existing users)
• Panel services (UserTesting, Respondent, Prolific)
• Social media and community channels
• Intercept / pop-up on live product
• Internal team members (pilot only, never for real data)

Analysis Frameworks

Rainbow Spreadsheet

Color-code rows by participant. Cluster observations by theme. Count frequency across participants.

Severity Rating

Affinity Mapping

1. Write each observation on a virtual sticky (Figma, FigJam, or Miro)
2. Group stickies by similarity without pre-defined categories
3. Name each group with a theme label
4. Rank themes by frequency and severity
5. Map themes to design recommendations

Report Template

# Usability Test Report: [Feature/Product Name]

## Executive Summary
- [2-3 sentence overview of findings]
- [Key metric: e.g., "Task success rate was 65%, below the 80% target"]

## Methodology
- Participants: [N], recruited via [source]
- Method: [Moderated remote / Unmoderated / etc.]
- Date: [Range]
- Tasks: [Count]

## Key Findings

### Finding 1: [Theme Name]
- Severity: [Critical / Major / Minor / Cosmetic]
- Frequency: [X of Y participants]
- Evidence: [Quote or observation]
- Recommendation: [Specific design change]

### Finding 2: ...

## Metrics Summary
| Task | Success Rate | Median Time | Error Rate | SEQ |
|------|-------------|-------------|------------|-----|
| T-001 | 80% | 45s | 0.4 | 5.2 |
| T-002 | 60% | 120s | 1.8 | 3.1 |

## SUS Score: [XX] ([Adjective rating])

## Recommendations (Prioritized)
1. [Critical fix] -- Expected impact: [metric improvement]
2. [Major improvement] -- Expected impact: [metric improvement]
3. [Minor enhancement] -- Expected impact: [metric improvement]

## Appendix
- Task scenarios
- Screener questionnaire
- Raw data tables

Integration with Memoire Research Pipeline

Data Flow

Usability test data (Excel/CSV/Stickies)
  --> memi research from-file <data>
  --> memi research synthesize
  --> memi research report
  --> Dashboard / Figma stickies

Supported Input Formats

Synthesis Pipeline

1. Import: Parse raw data into structured observations
2. Classify: Tag each observation by severity, task, and theme
3. Cluster: Group observations into findings using affinity analysis
4. Quantify: Calculate metrics (success rate, error rate, SUS)
5. Prioritize: Rank findings by severity * frequency
6. Report: Generate markdown report and dashboard components

Remote Testing Tools and Setup

Tool Comparison

Remote Session Checklist

• Confirm participant has stable internet and a quiet environment
• Test screen-sharing and recording before the session
• Share prototype link (not the Figma editor link)
• Disable notifications on facilitator and participant machines
• Have a backup communication channel (phone number)
• Record both screen and audio; get consent before starting
• Prepare a post-session backup plan if technology fails