1---
2name: azure-iot-operations
3description: Expert knowledge for Azure IoT Operations development including troubleshooting, best practices, decision making, architecture & design patterns, limits & quotas, security, configuration, integrations & coding patterns, and deployment. Use when building MQTT/OPC UA data flows, WASM/ONNX processing, Dapr/Fabric RT endpoints, or ISA-95 namespaces, and other Azure IoT Operations related development tasks. Not for Azure IoT (use azure-iot), Azure IoT Hub (use azure-iot-hub), Azure IoT Edge (use azure-iot-edge), Azure Defender For Iot (use azure-defender-for-iot).
4compatibility: Requires network access. Uses mcp_microsoftdocs:microsoft_docs_fetch or fetch_webpage to retrieve documentation.
5metadata:
6 generated_at: "2026-09-06"
7 generator: "docs2skills/1.0.0"
8---
9
10# Azure IoT Operations Skill
11
12This skill provides expert guidance for Azure IoT Operations. Covers troubleshooting, best practices, decision making, architecture & design patterns, limits & quotas, security, configuration, integrations & coding patterns, and deployment. It combines local quick-reference content with remote documentation fetching capabilities.
13
14## How to Use This Skill
15
16> **IMPORTANT for Agent**: Use the **Category Index** below to locate relevant sections. For categories with line ranges (e.g., `L35-L120`), use `read_file` with the specified lines. For categories with file links (e.g., `[security.md](security.md)`), use `read_file` on the linked reference file
17
18> **IMPORTANT for Agent**: If `metadata.generated_at` is more than 3 months old, suggest the user pull the latest version from the repository. If `mcp_microsoftdocs` tools are not available, suggest the user install it: [Installation Guide](https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/mcp/blob/main/README.md)
19
20This skill requires **network access** to fetch documentation content:
21- **Preferred**: Use `mcp_microsoftdocs:microsoft_docs_fetch` with query string `from=learn-agent-skill`. Returns Markdown.
22- **Fallback**: Use `fetch_webpage` with query string `from=learn-agent-skill&accept=text/markdown`. Returns Markdown.
23
24## Category Index
25
26| Category | Lines | Description |
27|----------|-------|-------------|
28| Troubleshooting | L37-L46 | Diagnosing and fixing Azure IoT Operations issues: connectivity and health codes, known component problems, debugging WASM modules, and using tools to troubleshoot deployments. |
29| Best Practices | L47-L54 | Guidance on production-ready Azure IoT Operations: MQTT broker HA design, persistent edge state storage, and testing/troubleshooting MQTT connectivity. |
30| Decision Making | L55-L65 | Guidance for planning and choosing Azure IoT Operations architectures: data flows vs graphs, deployment topology/sizing, MQTT broker diagnostics, buffering and persistence, and OPC UA asset discovery modes. |
31| Architecture & Design Patterns | L66-L71 | Designing Azure IoT architectures using ISA-95 unified namespace concepts and planning layered, segmented networking topologies for secure, scalable IoT Operations deployments. |
32| Limits & Quotas | L72-L78 | Capacity planning for OPC UA sessions and HA, baseline resource usage estimates, and MQTT broker feature, packet, and throughput limits in Azure IoT Operations. |
33| Security | L79-L96 | Securing Azure IoT Operations: TLS/cert management, MQTT authz/authn, OPC UA trust, private networking, RBAC/ABAC, secret handling, and image authenticity verification. |
34| Configuration | L97-L136 | Configuring IoT data flows, endpoints, transforms, MQTT/OPC UA/connectors, storage, observability, and health/metrics for Azure IoT Operations deployments. |
35| Integrations & Coding Patterns | L137-L159 | Patterns and code for integrating IoT data flows: MQTT/OPC UA/media connectors, routing/filters/aggregation, state store, WASM/ONNX, OpenTelemetry, and Dapr/Fabric Real-Time endpoints. |
36| Deployment | L160-L171 | Deploying, upgrading, cloning, and managing Azure IoT Operations instances, including secure production/test setups, private networks, Dapr/WASM components, and supported versions. |
37
38### Troubleshooting
39| Topic | URL |
40|-------|-----|
41| Debug Azure IoT WASM modules in VS Code | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/develop-edge-apps/howto-debug-wasm-modules |
42| Troubleshoot private connectivity issues in Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/manage-layered-network/howto-troubleshoot-private-connectivity |
43| Interpret Azure IoT Operations health reason codes | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/reference/health-status-reason-codes |
44| Diagnose known issues in Azure IoT Operations components | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/troubleshoot/known-issues |
45| Use tools to troubleshoot Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/troubleshoot/tips-tools |
46| Diagnose and fix Azure IoT Operations issues | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/troubleshoot/troubleshoot |
47
48### Best Practices
49| Topic | URL |
50|-------|-----|
51| Apply production deployment guidelines for Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/deploy-iot-ops/concept-production-guidelines |
52| Design highly available edge apps with Azure IoT Operations MQTT broker | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/develop-edge-apps/overview-edge-apps |
53| Use Azure IoT Operations state store for persistent edge data | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/develop-edge-apps/overview-state-store |
54| Test MQTT broker connectivity in Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/manage-mqtt-broker/howto-test-connection |
55
56### Decision Making
57| Topic | URL |
58|-------|-----|
59| Select between data flows and data flow graphs | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/overview-dataflow-comparison |
60| Plan production-scale Azure IoT Operations deployments | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/deploy-iot-ops/concept-production-examples |
61| Plan Azure IoT Operations deployment topology and sizing | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/deployment-plan/deployment-planning |
62| Plan MQTT broker diagnostics configuration | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/deployment-plan/deployment-planning-diagnostics |
63| Plan disk-backed message buffering for MQTT broker | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/deployment-plan/deployment-planning-disk-buffer |
64| Decide MQTT broker persistence strategy for IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/deployment-plan/deployment-planning-persistence |
65| Choose OPC UA asset discovery modes in Azure IoT | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/discover-manage-assets/concept-opc-ua-asset-discovery |
66
67### Architecture & Design Patterns
68| Topic | URL |
69|-------|-----|
70| Build ISA-95 unified namespace with Azure IoT | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/discover-manage-assets/howto-build-unified-namespace |
71| Design layered networking for Azure IoT Operations deployments | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/manage-layered-network/concept-layered-network |
72
73### Limits & Quotas
74| Topic | URL |
75|-------|-----|
76| Plan OPC UA session sharing and high availability capacity | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/discover-manage-assets/howto-configure-opc-ua-sessions-high-availability |
77| Plan Azure IoT Operations baseline resource usage | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/reference/concept-resource-profiles |
78| Review MQTT feature and packet limits in Azure IoT Operations broker | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/reference/mqtt-support |
79
80### Security
81| Topic | URL |
82|-------|-----|
83| Configure custom certificate issuer for Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/deploy-iot-ops/howto-bring-your-own-issuer |
84| Plan internal traffic encryption for MQTT broker pods | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/deployment-plan/deployment-planning-encryption |
85| Configure OPC UA certificate trust for IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/discover-manage-assets/howto-configure-opc-ua-certificates-infrastructure |
86| Configure OPC UA certificate trust for Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/discover-manage-assets/overview-opc-ua-connector-certificates-management |
87| Configure private connectivity and network security for Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/manage-layered-network/howto-private-connectivity |
88| Configure authentication for Azure IoT Operations MQTT broker | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/manage-mqtt-broker/howto-configure-authentication |
89| Configure authorization policies for Azure IoT Operations MQTT broker | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/manage-mqtt-broker/howto-configure-authorization |
90| Secure MQTT broker endpoints with BrokerListener configuration | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/manage-mqtt-broker/howto-configure-brokerlistener |
91| Configure TLS, X.509 auth, and ABAC for IoT MQTT | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/manage-mqtt-broker/tutorial-tls-x509 |
92| Define custom RBAC roles for IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/reference/custom-rbac |
93| Enable secure settings and identities in Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/secure-iot-ops/howto-enable-secure-settings |
94| Manage TLS certificates for external IoT Operations communications | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/secure-iot-ops/howto-manage-certificates |
95| Manage secrets for Arc-enabled IoT Operations clusters | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/secure-iot-ops/howto-manage-secrets |
96| Verify authenticity of Azure IoT Operations images | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/secure-iot-ops/howto-validate-images |
97
98### Configuration
99| Topic | URL |
100|-------|-----|
101| Define and configure data flow graphs in Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/concept-dataflow-graphs |
102| Configure Azure Data Lake Gen2 endpoints for IoT data | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-configure-adlsv2-endpoint |
103| Configure Azure Data Explorer endpoints for IoT data | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-configure-adx-endpoint |
104| Configure destinations and dynamic topics for IoT data flows | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-configure-dataflow-destination |
105| Configure data flow endpoints in Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-configure-dataflow-endpoint |
106| Configure data flow profiles and instance counts | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-configure-dataflow-profile |
107| Configure data flow sources and topics in Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-configure-dataflow-source |
108| Configure buffering and disk persistence for IoT data flows | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-configure-disk-persistence |
109| Configure Fabric OneLake endpoints in Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-configure-fabric-endpoint |
110| Configure Kafka and Event Hubs endpoints in Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-configure-kafka-endpoint |
111| Configure local storage data flow endpoints in Azure IoT | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-configure-local-storage-endpoint |
112| Configure MQTT data flow endpoints in Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-configure-mqtt-endpoint |
113| Create and configure data flows in Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-create-dataflow |
114| Create data flow graphs with composable transforms | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-create-dataflow-graph |
115| Configure filter stages in Azure IoT Operations data flows | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-dataflow-filter |
116| Configure custom WASM transforms in IoT data flows | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-dataflow-graph-wasm |
117| Configure map transforms in Azure IoT data flow graphs | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-dataflow-graphs-map |
118| Configure unified health status reporting to Azure | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/deploy-iot-ops/health-status-reporting |
119| Configure observability and dashboards for Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/deploy-iot-ops/howto-configure-observability |
120| Configure advanced MQTT options for Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/deployment-plan/deployment-planning-mqtt-options |
121| Configure container registry endpoints for IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/develop-edge-apps/howto-configure-registry-endpoint |
122| Configure WebAssembly graph definitions for IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/develop-edge-apps/howto-configure-wasm-graph-definitions |
123| Deploy WASM modules and graph definitions for IoT | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/develop-edge-apps/howto-deploy-wasm-graph-definitions |
124| Configure OPC UA assets and datasets in Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/discover-manage-assets/howto-configure-opc-ua |
125| Configure advanced OPC UA data collection features | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/discover-manage-assets/howto-configure-opc-ua-advanced-data-collection |
126| Configure OPC UA asset discovery in Azure IoT | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/discover-manage-assets/howto-detect-opc-ua-assets |
127| Create and manage connector templates in Azure IoT | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/discover-manage-assets/howto-manage-connector-templates |
128| Configure HTTP/REST connector assets and devices | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/discover-manage-assets/howto-use-http-connector |
129| Configure ONVIF connector for camera media streams | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/discover-manage-assets/howto-use-onvif-connector |
130| Manage Azure IoT Operations resources in the operations experience UI | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/discover-manage-assets/howto-use-operations-experience |
131| Configure SSE connector for server-sent events | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/discover-manage-assets/howto-use-sse-connector |
132| Configure data persistence for Azure IoT Operations MQTT broker | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/manage-mqtt-broker/howto-broker-persistence |
133| Monitor Akri and connectors with Azure IoT metrics | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/reference/observability-metrics-akri-connectors |
134| Monitor Azure IoT Operations data flows with metrics | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/reference/observability-metrics-data-flows |
135| Use MQTT broker observability metrics in Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/reference/observability-metrics-mqtt-broker |
136| Use OPC UA connector observability metrics in IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/reference/observability-metrics-opcua-broker |
137
138### Integrations & Coding Patterns
139| Topic | URL |
140|-------|-----|
141| Use expression language in Azure IoT data flows | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/concept-dataflow-graphs-expressions |
142| Set up Fabric Real-Time Intelligence data flow endpoints | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-configure-fabric-real-time-intelligence |
143| Enrich IoT Operations data flows with state store datasets | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-dataflow-graphs-enrich |
144| Control IoT Operations data flow with filters and branches | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-dataflow-graphs-filter-route |
145| Throttle MQTT message rate in IoT Operations data flows | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-dataflow-graphs-throttle |
146| Route MQTT topics dynamically with IoT Operations data flows | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-dataflow-graphs-topic-routing |
147| Configure windowed aggregation in IoT Operations data flows | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/howto-dataflow-graphs-window |
148| Configure OpenTelemetry endpoints for Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/connect-to-cloud/open-telemetry |
149| Build and test WASM modules for Azure IoT data flows | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/develop-edge-apps/howto-build-wasm-modules |
150| Build and deploy custom Akri REST connectors | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/develop-edge-apps/howto-develop-akri-connectors |
151| Develop Dapr apps integrating with MQTT broker | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/develop-edge-apps/howto-develop-dapr-apps |
152| Run ONNX inference inside IoT WASM data flows | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/develop-edge-apps/howto-wasm-onnx-inference |
153| Validate WASM messages with Azure IoT schema registry | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/develop-edge-apps/howto-wasm-schema-registry |
154| Use state store with Azure IoT WASM operators | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/develop-edge-apps/howto-wasm-state-store |
155| Implement Azure IoT Operations state store protocol | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/develop-edge-apps/reference-state-store-protocol |
156| Control OPC UA server data via Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/discover-manage-assets/howto-control-opc-ua |
157| Configure Azure IoT media connector for cameras | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/discover-manage-assets/howto-use-media-connector |
158| Configure MQTT connector assets in Azure IoT Operations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/discover-manage-assets/howto-use-mqtt-connector |
159| Capture ONVIF camera media to Azure Blob Storage | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/end-to-end-tutorials/tutorial-onvif-media-blob-storage |
160
161### Deployment
162| Topic | URL |
163|-------|-----|
164| Clean up Azure IoT Operations observability resources | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/deploy-iot-ops/howto-clean-up-observability-resources |
165| Deploy Azure IoT Operations securely to production clusters | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/deploy-iot-ops/howto-deploy-iot-operations |
166| Deploy Azure IoT Operations to a test cluster | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/deploy-iot-ops/howto-deploy-iot-test-operations |
167| Deploy Dapr pluggable components with MQTT broker | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/develop-edge-apps/howto-deploy-dapr |
168| Deploy Azure IoT Operations in layered private networks | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/end-to-end-tutorials/tutorial-layered-network-private-connectivity |
169| Clone Azure IoT Operations instances using Azure CLI | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/manage-iot-ops/howto-clone-instance |
170| Manage, update, and uninstall Azure IoT Operations instances | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/manage-iot-ops/howto-manage-update-uninstall |
171| Upgrade Azure IoT Operations deployments to newer versions | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/manage-iot-ops/howto-upgrade |
172| Check Azure IoT Operations supported versions and environments | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-operations/overview-support |
microsoftdocs