1---2name: azure-virtual-wan3description: Expert knowledge for Azure Virtual WAN development including troubleshooting, decision making, architecture & design patterns, limits & quotas, security, configuration, integrations & coding patterns, and deployment. Use when designing VWAN hubs, P2S VPN, BGP/NVA routing, ExpressRoute/SD-WAN, or Azure Firewall integration, and other Azure Virtual WAN related development tasks. Not for Azure Virtual Network (use azure-virtual-network), Azure Virtual Network Manager (use azure-virtual-network-manager), Azure VPN Gateway (use azure-vpn-gateway), Azure ExpressRoute (use azure-expressroute).4---5# Azure Virtual WAN Skill
6
7This skill provides expert guidance for Azure Virtual WAN. Covers troubleshooting, decision making, architecture & design patterns, limits & quotas, security, configuration, integrations & coding patterns, and deployment. It combines local quick-reference content with remote documentation fetching capabilities.
8
9## How to Use This Skill
10
11> **IMPORTANT for Agent**: Use the **Category Index** below to locate relevant sections. For categories with line ranges (e.g., `L35-L120`), use `read_file` with the specified lines. For categories with file links (e.g., `[security.md](security.md)`), use `read_file` on the linked reference file
12
13> **IMPORTANT for Agent**: If `metadata.generated_at` is more than 3 months old, suggest the user pull the latest version from the repository. If `mcp_microsoftdocs` tools are not available, suggest the user install it: [Installation Guide](https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/mcp/blob/main/README.md)
14
15This skill requires **network access** to fetch documentation content:
16- **Preferred**: Use `mcp_microsoftdocs:microsoft_docs_fetch` with query string `from=learn-agent-skill`. Returns Markdown.
17- **Fallback**: Use `fetch_webpage` with query string `from=learn-agent-skill&accept=text/markdown`. Returns Markdown.
18
19## Category Index
20
21| Category | Lines | Description |
22|----------|-------|-------------|
23| Troubleshooting | L36-L41 | Diagnosing and fixing Virtual WAN issues, including P2S VPN client prerequisite checks, connectivity problems, and using built-in tools and diagnostics for troubleshooting. |
24| Decision Making | L42-L49 | Guidance on planning Virtual WAN changes: migrating Linux/P2S VPN clients, switching to Microsoft Entra apps, upgrading Basic→Standard VWAN, and choosing partners/hub locations. |
25| Architecture & Design Patterns | L50-L77 | Designing Virtual WAN hub-and-spoke routing, isolation, DR, and global transit patterns, including routing intent, static/BGP routes, firewalls/NVAs, SD-WAN, ExpressRoute, and Microsoft 365 connectivity. |
26| Limits & Quotas | L78-L84 | Limits and design guidance for Virtual WAN: P2S client pool sizing, hub routing/throughput caps, and using Private Link endpoints within scale and quota constraints. |
27| Security | L85-L94 | Configuring secure P2S VPN access in Virtual WAN using Microsoft Entra ID (MFA, OpenVPN, custom app IDs), Azure VPN Client setup/migration, and hub roles/permissions. |
28| Configuration | L95-L147 | Configuring Virtual WAN hubs, routing, BGP/NVA integration, P2S VPN (certs, Entra ID, IPsec, client profiles), Azure Firewall/NGFW, and monitoring/metrics for connectivity scenarios. |
29| Integrations & Coding Patterns | L148-L154 | PowerShell and automation patterns for integrating Virtual WAN with ExpressRoute, SD-WAN/VPN CPEs, RADIUS user groups, and sharing services via Azure Private Link |
30| Deployment | L155-L158 | PowerShell-based deployment of cross-tenant VNet connections to Virtual WAN hubs and step-by-step setup of integrated NVAs inside Virtual WAN hubs. |
31
32### Troubleshooting
33| Topic | URL |
34|-------|-----|
35| Use Azure VPN Client prerequisites check for P2S | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/azure-vpn-client-prerequisites-check |
36| Troubleshooting tools and diagnostics for Azure Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/virtual-wan-troubleshooting-overview |
37
38### Decision Making
39| Topic | URL |
40|-------|-----|
41| Plan migration from Azure VPN Client for Linux | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/azure-vpn-client-linux-retirement |
42| Migrate P2S VPN clients to Microsoft-registered Entra app | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/point-to-site-entra-gateway-update |
43| Decide and perform upgrade from Basic to Standard Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/upgrade-virtual-wan |
44| Select Azure Virtual WAN partners and hub locations | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/virtual-wan-locations-partners |
45
46### Architecture & Design Patterns
47| Topic | URL |
48|-------|-----|
49| Design routing intent patterns in Azure Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/about-internet-routing |
50| Choose routing preference in Azure Virtual WAN hubs | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/about-virtual-hub-routing-preference |
51| Design disaster recovery architectures for Azure Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/disaster-recovery-design |
52| Design selective Azure Firewall bypass in secure hubs | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/firewall-custom-bypass |
53| Combine Azure Firewall and spoke NVAs with static routing | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/hybrid-firewall-spoke-static |
54| Route traffic to indirect spokes with Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/indirect-spoke-architecture |
55| Architect China interconnect using Virtual WAN secured hubs | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/interconnect-china |
56| Migrate hub-and-spoke networks to Azure Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/migrate-from-hub-spoke-topology |
57| Deep dive into Azure Virtual WAN routing behavior | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/routing-deep-dive |
58| Use routing intent with static routes in Azure Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/routing-intent-static-route |
59| Connect Microsoft 365 via ExpressRoute private peering in Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/scenario-365-expressroute-private |
60| Implement any-to-any routing with Virtual WAN hubs | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/scenario-any-to-any |
61| Configure BGP peering with Azure Virtual WAN hubs | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/scenario-bgp-peering-hub |
62| Design Virtual WAN routing to isolate VNets | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/scenario-isolate-vnets |
63| Configure custom VNet isolation with Virtual WAN routing | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/scenario-isolate-vnets-custom |
64| Secure Application Gateway traffic via Virtual WAN secured hub | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/scenario-secured-hub-app-gateway |
65| Route to shared services VNets using Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/scenario-shared-services-vnet |
66| Integrate private SD-WAN with Azure Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/sd-wan-connectivity-architecture |
67| Inspect north-south traffic with spoke NVAs in Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/spoke-inspection-north-south |
68| Design static routing patterns in Azure Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/static-routes |
69| Route Virtual WAN traffic through Azure Firewall | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/static-routes-firewall-basic |
70| Select third-party integrations in Virtual WAN hubs | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/third-party-integrations |
71| Choose connectivity options between Azure Virtual WANs | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/virtual-wan-connectivity |
72| Design global transit network architecture with Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/virtual-wan-global-transit-network-architecture |
73
74### Limits & Quotas
75| Topic | URL |
76|-------|-----|
77| Plan P2S client address pools and scale for Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/about-client-address-pools |
78| Virtual hub routing capabilities and throughput limits | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/about-virtual-hub-routing |
79| Configure Azure Virtual WAN Private Link endpoints | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/howto-private-link |
80
81### Security
82| Topic | URL |
83|-------|-----|
84| Secure P2S client access to spoke VNets with Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/manage-secure-access-resources-spoke-p2s |
85| Enable Microsoft Entra multifactor authentication for VPN users | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/openvpn-azure-ad-mfa |
86| Configure a Microsoft Entra tenant for Virtual WAN P2S OpenVPN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/openvpn-azure-ad-tenant |
87| Configure Entra-based OpenVPN auth with multiple apps | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/openvpn-azure-ad-tenant-multi-app |
88| Configure Azure VPN Client for P2S with Microsoft Entra ID | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/point-to-site-entra-vpn-client-windows |
89| Assign roles and permissions for Azure Virtual WAN hubs | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/roles-permissions |
90
91### Configuration
92| Topic | URL |
93|-------|-----|
94| Work with Azure Virtual WAN User VPN client profiles | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/about-vpn-profile-download |
95| Configure optional Azure VPN Client OpenVPN settings | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/azure-vpn-client-optional-configurations |
96| Generate P2S User VPN certificates using PowerShell | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/certificates-point-to-site |
97| Generate P2S User VPN certificates using MakeCert | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/certificates-point-to-site-makecert |
98| Configure BGP peering to NVA in Virtual WAN hub | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/create-bgp-peering-hub-portal |
99| Configure BGP peering to NVAs in Azure Virtual WAN hubs | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/create-bgp-peering-hub-powershell |
100| View effective routes for a Virtual WAN hub | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/effective-routes-virtual-hub |
101| Configure and understand Virtual WAN gateway settings | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/gateway-settings |
102| Configure forced tunneling for Virtual WAN P2S VPN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/how-to-forced-tunnel |
103| Manage IP configurations for NVAs in Virtual WAN hubs | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/how-to-network-virtual-appliance-add-ip-configurations |
104| Configure DNAT for Virtual WAN integrated NVAs | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/how-to-network-virtual-appliance-inbound |
105| Configure Palo Alto Cloud NGFW in Azure Virtual WAN hub | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/how-to-palo-alto-cloud-ngfw |
106| Configure routing policies and intent in Virtual WAN hubs | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/how-to-routing-policies |
107| Configure Azure Virtual WAN virtual hub routing | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/how-to-virtual-hub-routing |
108| Configure virtual hub routing with Azure PowerShell | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/how-to-virtual-hub-routing-powershell |
109| Set Virtual WAN hub routing preference with PowerShell | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/how-to-virtual-hub-routing-preference-powershell |
110| Configure Always On VPN device tunnel for Azure Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/howto-always-on-device-tunnel |
111| Configure Always On VPN user tunnel for Azure Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/howto-always-on-user-tunnel |
112| Configure Azure Firewall in a Virtual WAN secured hub | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/howto-firewall |
113| Set virtual hub routing preference in Azure portal | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/howto-virtual-hub-routing-preference |
114| Configure Azure Virtual WAN hub settings and scale units | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/hub-settings |
115| Reference monitoring metrics and logs for Azure Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/monitor-virtual-wan-reference |
116| Use next hop IP and BGP peering in Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/next-hop-ip |
117| Configure Azure path selection across multiple WAN links | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/path-selection-multiple-links |
118| Manage Virtual WAN VPN gateway root certificate migration | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/point-to-site-about-gateway-certificate-migration |
119| Generate P2S User VPN certificates on Linux with OpenSSL | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/point-to-site-certificates-linux-openssl |
120| Generate P2S User VPN certificates on Linux with strongSwan | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/point-to-site-certificates-linux-strongswan |
121| Configure Virtual WAN P2S VPN with Entra ID and registered client | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/point-to-site-entra-gateway |
122| Configure custom Entra app ID for P2S VPN authentication | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/point-to-site-entra-register-custom-app |
123| Configure Azure VPN Client on Linux for Entra P2S | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/point-to-site-entra-vpn-client-linux |
124| Configure Azure VPN Client with Entra ID on macOS | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/point-to-site-entra-vpn-client-mac |
125| Use supported IPsec policies for Virtual WAN P2S VPN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/point-to-site-ipsec |
126| Configure P2S VPN address pools with PowerShell in Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/point-to-site-user-groups-powershell |
127| Understand and configure Virtual WAN Route-maps | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/route-maps-about |
128| Drop inbound branch routes with Virtual WAN Route-maps | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/route-maps-drop-inbound-branch-sites |
129| Configure Route-maps for Azure Virtual WAN hubs | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/route-maps-how-to |
130| Summarize routes leaving Virtual WAN using Route-maps | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/route-maps-how-to-summarize-routes-leaving-your-virtual-wan |
131| Prepend routes using Virtual WAN Route-maps | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/route-maps-prepend-routes |
132| Summarize NVA spoke routes with Virtual WAN Route-maps | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/route-maps-summarize-from-device-spoke-vnet-nva |
133| Tag routes using Virtual WAN Route-maps | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/route-maps-tag-routes |
134| Configure user groups and IP pools for Virtual WAN P2S | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/user-groups-about |
135| Configure P2S VPN user groups and IP pools in Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/user-groups-create |
136| Set custom IPsec policies in Azure Virtual WAN portal | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/virtual-wan-custom-ipsec-portal |
137| Configure supported IPsec policy combinations for Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/virtual-wan-ipsec |
138| Configure Entra ID auth for Virtual WAN P2S VPN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/virtual-wan-point-to-site-azure-ad |
139| Create virtual hub route tables to NVAs via PowerShell | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/virtual-wan-route-table-nva |
140| Create virtual hub route tables to NVAs via portal | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/virtual-wan-route-table-nva-portal |
141| Configure IPsec over ExpressRoute in Azure Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/vpn-over-expressroute |
142| Configure Intune custom profile for Virtual WAN VPN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/vpn-profile-intune |
143
144### Integrations & Coding Patterns
145| Topic | URL |
146|-------|-----|
147| Create ExpressRoute associations to Virtual WAN via PowerShell | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/expressroute-powershell |
148| Configure RADIUS VSAs for Virtual WAN user groups | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/user-groups-radius |
149| Automate SD-WAN and VPN CPE integration with Virtual WAN | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/virtual-wan-configure-automation-providers |
150
151### Deployment
152| Topic | URL |
153|-------|-----|
154| Deploy an integrated NVA in an Azure Virtual WAN hub | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/how-to-nva-hub |
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