Kotlin UI Compose Multiplatform

Compose Multiplatform UI

Use this skill when designing, implementing, or reviewing shared UI in a Compose Multiplatform project.

This skill is intentionally strict. Its purpose is to keep shared UI declarative, state-driven, decomposed, adaptive, previewable, and cleanly separated from business logic and platform entry concerns.

Primary goals

The UI design should optimize for:

• state-driven rendering
• clear composable decomposition
• business logic outside composables
• layout structure that remains understandable
• modifier usage that is intentional and explainable
• adaptive behavior across different window sizes
• previewability in common code
• clean separation between shared UI and platform-specific startup or OS integration

Do not treat Compose UI as just “screens and widgets”. Treat it as part of app architecture.

Official defaults to prefer

Unless the project has a strong reason not to, prefer:

• UI driven from immutable state
• state hoisting when multiple composables need to coordinate state
• side effects handled deliberately rather than embedded in rendering paths
• composables focused on rendering and interaction, not business rules
• shared UI in commonMain when valid across targets
• platform-specific UI bootstrapping and OS integration in platform source sets
• adaptive layouts driven by structured window-size reasoning
• previewable shared UI with @Preview where useful

KMP project-structure expectations

Compose Multiplatform projects typically place shared Compose code in a shared source set such as composeApp/src/commonMain/kotlin, with platform-specific code in source sets such as androidMain and iosMain.

Review expectations:

• shared composables, shared UI state models, and reusable UI components belong in shared source sets when they are valid across targets
• platform entry points, startup wiring, and OS-specific integrations stay in platform-specific source sets
• UI architecture does not assume Android-only behavior as the default model for shared code

Flag as a concern when:

• shared UI is duplicated across targets without a real platform difference
• platform-specific assumptions leak into shared composables
• common UI code depends on platform-only APIs

Review dimensions

1. State-driven UI

Compose guidance treats state management as foundational.

Check whether:

• UI renders from explicit immutable state
• rendering is driven by state instead of imperative mutation
• state ownership is clear
• composables are not reaching into dependencies ad hoc

Flag as a concern when:

• composables fetch or mutate state from many unrelated places
• UI is driven by scattered booleans rather than a coherent model
• rendering depends on hidden mutable state

2. State hoisting

Compose explicitly documents state hoisting as a core design tool.

Check whether:

• state is hoisted when multiple composables need to coordinate it
• local state remains local when it is truly local
• app- or screen-level state is not trapped in leaf composables
• callbacks and state ownership are easy to trace

Flag as a concern when:

• sibling composables coordinate through hidden shared state
• screen-critical state lives in leaf components
• hoisting is skipped and duplication appears across the tree

3. State lifespans and saveability

Compose docs distinguish state lifespans and saving UI state.

Check whether:

• ephemeral UI state is distinguished from longer-lived screen state
• saveable UI state is used intentionally where needed
• business-critical state is not confused with short-lived widget state

KMP platform note: rememberSaveable with Bundle-based serialization is Android-specific. On iOS, desktop, and web KMP targets, the state-restoration mechanism differs or may not exist in the same form. If a project expects state restoration across process recreation on non-Android targets, verify that the chosen state-persistence mechanism is platform-appropriate rather than assuming rememberSaveable behavior is universal.

Flag as a concern when:

• important UI state is lost unnecessarily on any target
• trivial widget state is elevated too far
• long-lived state is modeled as disposable local widget state
• rememberSaveable with Android-specific serializers is used in shared code without a non-Android fallback

4. Side-effect discipline

Compose explicitly treats side effects as a distinct design concern.

Check whether:

• side effects are isolated and deliberate
• recomposition does not accidentally retrigger important actions
• navigation, analytics, toasts, and one-off actions are not embedded casually in rendering branches
• rendering stays as pure as practical

Flag as a concern when:

• side effects are triggered directly from unstable composable paths
• repeated recomposition can duplicate work
• business or navigation effects are hard to reason about

5. UI architecture and layering

Android’s Compose docs place UI architecture, architectural layering, and navigation alongside state guidance.

Check whether:

• composables focus on rendering and interaction
• state holders or orchestration layers sit between UI and lower layers
• business logic is not embedded in UI
• UI models are shaped for presentation instead of mirroring raw transport/data models

Flag as a concern when:

• UI calls repositories directly
• DTOs or persistence models reach rendering code directly
• screen composables own orchestration, data parsing, and business rules inline

6. Composable decomposition

Check whether:

• large screens are broken into meaningful subcomposables
• reusable UI pieces are extracted where repetition exists
• component boundaries are understandable
• destination-level composables do not become monoliths

Flag as a concern when:

• one screen file owns all structure, state, and rendering inline
• reusable visual patterns are duplicated broadly
• composable boundaries do not reflect ownership clearly

7. Layout structure

Kotlin’s layout docs identify Rows, Columns, Boxes, lazy lists, and related primitives as the main layout building blocks.

Check whether:

• layout structure is readable
• containers are chosen intentionally
• layout nesting is not excessive without reason
• lists and grids are used where scrolling collections exist
• app shells and screen bodies remain understandable under growth

Flag as a concern when:

• layout structure is overly tangled
• wrong container choices create brittle UI
• scrolling/content structure is improvised instead of modeled clearly

8. Modifier discipline

Modifier order and combination matter.

Check whether:

• modifier chains are readable
• modifier order is intentional
• sizing, padding, click handling, offsets, scrolling, and semantics are combined in a way that is explainable
• adaptive or interaction behavior is not hidden in long opaque chains

Flag as a concern when:

• modifier order causes accidental behavior
• layout understanding depends on trial and error
• giant modifier chains obscure ownership and behavior

9. Adaptive layout readiness

Kotlin's adaptive-layout docs support window-size-driven adaptation.

This skill reviews whether shared UI is structurally ready for adaptive behavior — composed cleanly enough that adaptive variations can be added without a full rewrite. For deep guidance covering canonical layouts, multi-window support, list-detail patterns, supporting-pane behavior, and the full adaptive review framework, use the kotlin-ui-adaptive-resources skill.

Check whether:

• shared UI can adapt between compact, medium, and expanded layouts where appropriate
• layout decisions can respond to window size rather than one fixed phone assumption
• screen structure can evolve into multi-pane or wider layouts without a rewrite
• adaptive concerns are considered early rather than retrofitted as an afterthought

Flag as a concern when:

• UI is designed only for one narrow window shape with no structural flexibility
• larger layouts just stretch phone UI without meaningful structural adaptation
• adaptation would require tearing apart the entire screen composable tree

10. Window-size-driven UI decisions

Adaptive docs provide structured size-class APIs (rememberWindowAdaptiveInfo(), WindowWidthSizeClass) for layout decisions. For full guidance on these APIs and canonical adaptive patterns, use the kotlin-ui-adaptive-resources skill. This section reviews structural readiness in shared UI.

Check whether:

• major shell/layout decisions can be expressed through structured window-size reasoning, not hardcoded dp breakpoints
• adaptive branching is centralized enough to stay maintainable — one place to read window size, not scattered per-screen
• width-driven changes preserve the same feature mental model across sizes

Flag as a concern when:

• arbitrary pixel/dp breakpoints are used instead of the structured size-class API
• adaptive behavior differs inconsistently from screen to screen without a reason
• layout branches are too fragmented to understand centrally

11. Previewability

Compose Multiplatform previews support @Preview in common code when configured with ui-tooling-preview in commonMain.

Check whether:

• reusable components are previewable independently
• screen states can be previewed without full app bootstrapping
• adaptive variants are previewed where useful
• previews are practical enough to support iteration

Flag as a concern when:

• every UI change requires running the app
• screens are too entangled to preview meaningfully
• key visual states are difficult to inspect in isolation

12. Accessibility and semantics

Compose UI quality should account for semantics and user interaction clarity.

Check whether:

• content structure is understandable for accessibility services (TalkBack on Android, VoiceOver on iOS via Compose Multiplatform semantics bridge)
• icon-only buttons and image-only interactive elements expose a contentDescription
• clearAndSetSemantics is used intentionally — it removes all child semantics, which silences descendant content for screen readers
• semantics { } merging behavior is explicit when composable groups are used as single logical units
• focus ordering makes sense when adaptive layout rearranges components spatially
• text contrast and touch target sizes remain acceptable across compact and expanded window states

Flag as a concern when:

• icon buttons or decorative-looking interactive elements have no contentDescription
• clearAndSetSemantics {} is applied broadly without auditing what it silences
• adaptive layout changes create focus traps or confusing reading order
• visible structure and semantic structure drift apart (e.g., a single logical card reads as multiple unrelated elements)
• semantics are omitted entirely from screens that change significantly with window size

13. Shared-vs-platform UI boundary

Check whether:

• shared composables remain platform-agnostic
• platform-specific startup, window integration, and OS hooks remain outside shared screen code
• the common UI layer does not own Android/iOS entry responsibilities

Flag as a concern when:

• platform bootstrapping logic leaks into commonMain
• shared UI depends on platform-specific APIs
• platform-specific visuals or lifecycle details shape common UI unnecessarily

14. Testability

UI architecture should support testing and inspection.

Check whether:

• shared UI behavior can be validated in common tests where appropriate
• composables are decomposed enough to test behavior or semantics
• state-holder behavior is validated outside UI when possible
• previewability and testability reinforce each other

Flag as a concern when:

• UI correctness can only be validated through full manual runs
• composables are too monolithic to test meaningfully
• state behavior is only inferred through large end-to-end paths

Severity framework

High severity

Likely to cause architectural drift or broken UI behavior.

Examples:

• business logic embedded in composables
• no clear state owner
• side effects triggered from unstable rendering paths
• platform-only APIs in shared UI
• UI built only for one narrow window size

Medium severity

Workable, but likely to create maintenance cost.

Examples:

• weak state hoisting
• oversized screen composables
• tangled layout structure
• modifier order causing brittle behavior
• adaptive behavior present but inconsistent
• poor previewability

Low severity

Structurally acceptable but worth improving.

Examples:

• composable boundaries could be cleaner
• preview coverage could be broader
• modifier chains could be simplified
• adaptive branches could be centralized more clearly

Required output format

When performing the review, respond with:

1. UI summary

   • state model
   • composable structure
   • layout/modifier approach
   • adaptive strategy
   • preview strategy
   • shared/platform boundary

2. What is structurally sound

   • concrete strengths only

3. Issues by review dimension

   • state-driven UI
   • state hoisting
   • state lifespans/saveability
   • side effects
   • UI architecture/layering
   • composable decomposition
   • layout structure
   • modifier discipline
   • adaptive readiness
   • window-size-driven decisions
   • previewability
   • accessibility/semantics
   • shared-vs-platform boundary
   • testability

4. Severity for each issue

   • high / medium / low

5. Concrete recommendations

   • exact restructuring steps
   • what state should be hoisted
   • what should move out of composables
   • how layout/modifier structure should be simplified
   • where adaptive branches should live
   • what should become previewable/testable

6. Suggested target structure

   • proposed screen / component / state / preview split if useful

7. Open risks

   • migration cost
   • visual/regression risk
   • platform-specific constraints still to validate

Tone

Be direct and practical. Do not praise UI just because it renders. If the design is weak, say why clearly.

Anti-patterns to flag aggressively

• business logic in composables
• hidden mutable state driving rendering
• poor or absent state hoisting
• side effects triggered from unstable composable paths
• giant screen composables
• long opaque modifier chains
• layouts designed for one phone size only
• shared UI coupled to platform-specific APIs
• UI that cannot be previewed meaningfully
• tests forced to validate simple UI behavior only through large integration paths

References

• Jetpack Compose documentation: https://developer.android.com/develop/ui/compose/documentation
• Compose Multiplatform: Create your first app: https://kotlinlang.org/docs/multiplatform/compose-multiplatform-create-first-app.html
• Compose Multiplatform: Layout basics: https://kotlinlang.org/docs/multiplatform/compose-layout.html
• Compose Multiplatform: Modifiers: https://kotlinlang.org/docs/multiplatform/compose-layout-modifiers.html
• Compose Multiplatform: Adaptive layouts: https://kotlinlang.org/docs/multiplatform/compose-adaptive-layouts.html
• Compose Multiplatform: Previews: https://kotlinlang.org/docs/multiplatform/compose-previews.html
• Android: Compose state and Jetpack: https://developer.android.com/develop/ui/compose/state
• Android: Accessibility in Compose: https://developer.android.com/develop/ui/compose/accessibility