Code Quality Standards

Code Quality Standards

1. Robustness to Change

• Single Responsibility Principle — Each module/class has only one reason to change. Unrelated concerns are separated.
• File Size and Responsibility Checks — Flag files >500 lines. Look for responsibility clustering (e.g., mixed prefixes like initializeWorker* vs createSession*). Note: responsibility clustering is the primary signal, not raw line count.
• Module Design — Evaluate cohesion, coupling, and encapsulation using these perspectives:
  • Is each module cohesive? (single responsibility, would you name it the same after reading all contents?)
  • Is coupling minimized? (can change without forcing changes elsewhere?)
  • Is the interface well-encapsulated? (public API reveals only what callers need?)
  • Is the dependency direction correct? (high-level modules don't depend on low-level details)
  • Is the placement appropriate? (module-specific or shared, aligned with scope of responsibility)
  • Is the interface actually usable? (callers can pass the information they need)
  • Do default values contradict state? (default makes sense when other fields are unset)
• Open-Closed Principle — New features addable without modifying existing code.
• Change Localization — Single feature change contained within a small area. Watch for Shotgun Surgery.
• Dependency Management — Dependencies injected, loosely coupled, abstracted via interfaces.
• Encapsulation — Implementation details hidden behind stable interfaces.

2. Bug Resistance

• Type Safety — Types make invalid states unrepresentable. any avoided, unknown with proper type guards.
• Exhaustive Type Handling — All discriminated union cases explicitly handled. Never use bare else for last case — use explicit type check + never exhaustive guard. Red flag: else { ... } handling a union type.
• Null Safety — Nullability explicit in types, null checks at boundaries.
• Error Handling — Errors handled explicitly, error paths tested, propagation consistent.
• Input Validation — Validated at system boundaries, "parse, don't validate" principle.

3. Readability

• Naming — Reveals intent, not implementation. Abbreviations avoided unless universally known.
• Magic Numbers and Literals — Numeric/string literals given meaningful names. Use as const arrays with helper functions for enum-like sets.
• Function Design — Each function does one thing. Consistent abstraction level.
• Code Organization — Related code colocated, intuitive file structure, cohesive modules.

4. Simplicity

• YAGNI — No code for hypothetical future requirements, unused abstractions, or unjustified configurability.
• Accidental Complexity — No unnecessary indirection, no cargo-culted design patterns.
• Cognitive Load — New team member can understand quickly, no hidden assumptions.

5. Consistency

• Patterns — Similar problems solved similarly. Established patterns followed or intentionally improved.
• Existing Pattern Evaluation — Is the pattern appropriate? Copied without understanding? Outdated or misapplied?
• API Design — Function signatures consistent, return types predictable, error handling uniform.

6. Testability

• Isolation — Units testable in isolation, side effects contained, dependencies injectable.
• Observability — Behavior verifiable through outputs, edge cases distinguishable.
• Test-Only Exports — Use @internal Exported for testing JSDoc tag. Prefer extracting testable logic over exposing private state.

7. Performance Awareness

• Algorithmic Efficiency — Appropriate data structures, reasonable complexity, no obvious O(n²) that could be O(n).
• Resource Management — Resources properly cleaned up, reasonable memory allocation, caching where appropriate.

8. Security Mindset

• OWASP Top 10 — Input sanitized, queries parameterized, output encoded.
• Least Privilege — Permissions minimized, secrets handled securely.
• Project-Specific — PTY command execution (no unsanitized user input), path traversal (validate boundaries), WebSocket security (validate message format, don't trust client IDs, rate-limit reconnection).

9. TypeScript Standards

• Type Safety — Avoid any, use unknown with guards. No unknown as shortcut (value as unknown as T prohibited). Shared types in packages/shared. Always async/await, no fire-and-forget.
• Enum-like Definitions — Define labeled object first, derive type with keyof typeof. Avoid separate type + labels (can drift).

See code-quality-standards.md for implementation examples and code patterns (used by coding agents).