Accessibility

SwiftUI Accessibility Audit

Audit the codebase for Apple HIG accessibility compliance. Covers VoiceOver, motion, vision, and interaction accessibility.

When to use this skill

• Before App Store submission (required for Accessibility Nutrition Labels)
• After adding new Views, custom controls, or animations
• When reviewing PRs with UI changes
• When the user asks to check accessibility

Quick Reference: HIG Requirements

Step 1: VoiceOver Labels Audit

1.1 Missing Labels on Interactive Elements

# Buttons without accessibility labels
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' 'Button\s*\{' YourApp/Views/ | head -20

# Images without accessibility labels (decorative should use accessibilityHidden)
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' 'Image\(' YourApp/Views/ | head -20

# Custom controls that may need labels
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' '\.onTapGesture|\.gesture\(' YourApp/Views/ | head -20

1.2 accessibilityHidden on Non-Decorative Images

# Find hidden images - verify they are truly decorative
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' -B2 -A2 '\.accessibilityHidden\(true\)' YourApp/Views/ | head -30

HIG Requirement: Only hide truly decorative images. Meaningful images (icons indicating state, informational graphics) must NOT be hidden.

1.3 Accessibility Element Grouping

# Check for intentional grouping - ensure labels are preserved
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' '\.accessibilityElement\(children:' YourApp/Views/

Verify: When using .accessibilityElement(children: .ignore) or .combine, ensure the parent has a proper .accessibilityLabel() that describes the grouped content.

1.4 Labels Using Technical/Internal Values

# rawValue in accessibility contexts (should use localizedName)
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' '\.accessibilityLabel.*\.rawValue|\.accessibilityValue.*\.rawValue' YourApp/Views/

1.5 Unlocalized Strings in Views (Affects VoiceOver)

# Text(verbatim:) and Text(.init()) bypass localization
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' 'Text\(verbatim:|Text\(\.init\(' YourApp/Views/

Fix: Use Text("string", comment:) for user-facing text so VoiceOver reads localized content.

Step 2: Reduce Motion & Transparency Audit

2.1 Animations Not Respecting Reduce Motion

# Animations that may need @Environment(\.accessibilityReduceMotion)
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' '\.animation\(|withAnimation|\.transition\(' YourApp/Views/ | head -30

# Check if Reduce Motion is being read
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' 'accessibilityReduceMotion' YourApp/

Fix Pattern:

@Environment(\.accessibilityReduceMotion) var reduceMotion
.animation(reduceMotion ? nil : .easeInOut, value: state)

2.2 Auto-Playing or Looping Animations

# Repeating animations
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' '\.repeatForever|\.repeat\(' YourApp/Views/

# Timer-driven animations
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' 'Timer\.publish|onReceive.*timer' YourApp/Views/

2.3 Reduce Transparency (Blurred/Transparent UI)

# Blur effects and materials that need solid alternatives
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' '\.blur\(|\.background\(\.ultraThinMaterial|\.background\(\.thinMaterial' YourApp/Views/

# Check if Reduce Transparency is being respected
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' 'accessibilityReduceTransparency' YourApp/

HIG Requirement: When accessibilityReduceTransparency is enabled, replace blur/transparency effects with solid backgrounds.

Step 3: Color & Contrast Audit

3.1 Color-Only Indicators

# Color-only status indicators (need shape/icon alternatives)
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' '\.foregroundColor\(.*\.red|\.green|\.yellow' YourApp/Views/

# Check for differentiate without color
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' 'accessibilityDifferentiateWithoutColor' YourApp/

HIG Requirement: When accessibilityDifferentiateWithoutColor is enabled, add icons, patterns, or text labels alongside color indicators.

Fix Pattern:

@Environment(\.accessibilityDifferentiateWithoutColor) var differentiateWithoutColor

HStack {
    Circle().fill(isActive ? .green : .red)
    if differentiateWithoutColor {
        Image(systemName: isActive ? "checkmark" : "xmark")
    }
}

3.2 Contrast Verification

Manual check:

• Run Accessibility Inspector in Xcode
• Check 4.5:1 ratio for normal text, 3:1 for large text
• Test in Light and Dark modes

Step 4: Dynamic Type Audit

4.1 Fixed Font Sizes

# Hardcoded font sizes (should use relative sizing)
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' '\.font\(\.system\(size:' YourApp/Views/ | head -20

# Custom fonts that may not scale
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' 'Font\.custom\(' YourApp/Views/

Fix: Use semantic fonts: .font(.body), .font(.headline)

4.2 dynamicTypeSize Restrictions

# Check for dynamicTypeSize limits (may prevent scaling)
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' '\.dynamicTypeSize\(' YourApp/Views/

Verify: If limiting Dynamic Type range, ensure it's for layout constraints only, not to prevent accessibility scaling.

4.3 minimumScaleFactor on Labels

# Labels that shrink text instead of wrapping
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' '\.minimumScaleFactor\(' YourApp/Views/

Verify: Acceptable for single-line constraints (e.g., tab bar labels), but prefer .lineLimit(nil) for body text.

4.4 Fixed Frame Heights (Clips Large Text)

# Fixed heights that may clip scaled text
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' '\.frame\(height:|\.frame\(.*height:' YourApp/Views/ | head -20

Fix: Use .frame(minHeight:) for text containers.

Step 5: Touch Target Audit

# Small touch targets
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' '\.frame\(width:\s*[0-3][0-9],' YourApp/Views/

# ContentShape for gesture areas
rg --type swift -g '!*Tests*' '\.contentShape\(' YourApp/Views/

HIG Requirement: All touch targets minimum 44×44pt. Use .contentShape() to expand hit areas.

Step 6: Watch App Audit

WATCH_DIR="YourApp Watch App"

# VoiceOver labels
rg --type swift '\.accessibilityLabel\(|\.accessibilityValue\(' "$WATCH_DIR/Views/"

# Reduce Motion
rg --type swift 'accessibilityReduceMotion|WKAccessibilityIsReduceMotionEnabled' "$WATCH_DIR/"

# Always On Display (AOD) - pause animations when dimmed
rg --type swift 'isLuminanceReduced' "$WATCH_DIR/"

watchOS Requirement: When isLuminanceReduced is true (Always On Display), pause animations and reduce visual complexity:

@Environment(\.isLuminanceReduced) var isLuminanceReduced

.animation(isLuminanceReduced ? nil : .default, value: state)

Step 7: Accessibility Inspector Verification

1. Xcode > Open Developer Tool > Accessibility Inspector
2. Run app in Simulator
3. Audit each screen for missing labels, incorrect traits, contrast issues

Skip Patterns

• #Preview { } blocks
• *Tests*/, *UITests*/ folders
• Decorative images (should have .accessibilityHidden(true))

Output Format