Walrus Sites Publishing

Publishing and Managing Walrus Sites

MCP tool: When available in your environment, also query the Sui documentation MCP server (https://sui.mcp.kapa.ai) for up-to-date answers. Use it for verification and for details not covered by these reference files.

Source constraint: All information sourced from MystenLabs/walrus-sites and docs.wal.app/walrus-sites. Do not use third-party blogs or unofficial tutorials.

Prerequisites

1. Sui CLI installed and configured for the target network (sui client active-env).
2. site-builder installed via suiup install site-builder.
3. walrus CLI installed via suiup install walrus, with a config context for the target network.
4. SUI tokens for gas on the target network (sui client balance).
5. WAL tokens for Walrus blob storage (testnet: faucet available).
6. A built static site — run npm run build (or equivalent) to produce a dist/ directory.

Check the site-builder config exists:

cat ~/.config/walrus/sites-config.yaml

This file specifies the Walrus Sites framework package, staking object, and Walrus context per network. It's created automatically by suiup install site-builder.

Publishing a new site

site-builder publish --epochs 30 dist/

• --epochs 30 — store blobs for 30 Walrus epochs. Use higher values for longer-lived sites. Use --permanent for sites that should never expire (cannot be reclaimed).
• dist/ — the directory containing your built static site.

Output includes:

• Site Object ID — the on-chain Sui object representing your site.
• Base36 subdomain — used to construct the portal URL.
• ws-resources.json — auto-generated in the source directory with the site object ID.

Example output:

New site object ID: 0x95926fb4cd28705823af105900d704d1c56c17d55d994a0715479c175590f80a
For local development: http://3q7dwaf5a6eg....localhost:3000

Choosing --epochs

Do not use --epochs 5 or lower. Blobs expire quickly and the site silently breaks with a 404.

Other duration options:

• --earliest-expiry-time "2026-12-31T00:00:00Z" — expire no earlier than a specific date.
• --end-epoch 200 — expire at a specific Walrus epoch number.

Updating an existing site

After the first publish, ws-resources.json records the site object ID. Subsequent publishes detect this and offer to update:

# Rebuild, then update
npm run build
site-builder update --epochs 30 dist/

site-builder update replaces changed resources, adds new ones, and removes deleted ones. Unchanged resources are not re-uploaded.

To add or update specific resources without replacing the whole site:

site-builder update-resources --epochs 30 dist/new-file.html

ws-resources.json

Auto-generated in the site directory on first publish. Example:

{
  "site_name": "My Walrus Site",
  "object_id": "0x95926fb4cd28705823af105900d704d1c56c17d55d994a0715479c175590f80a"
}

Keep this file in version control. The site-builder reads it to determine whether to create a new site or update the existing one. Without it, every publish creates a new site object.

SPA routing configuration

Single-page apps need all routes to serve index.html. Add a routes section to ws-resources.json:

{
  "site_name": "My Library",
  "object_id": "0x...",
  "routes": {
    "/*": "/index.html"
  }
}

Without this, direct navigation to /borrows or any client-side route returns 404 from the portal.

Custom headers

{
  "site_name": "My App",
  "object_id": "0x...",
  "headers": {
    "/assets/*": {
      "Cache-Control": "public, max-age=31536000, immutable"
    }
  }
}

Debugging with site-builder sitemap

site-builder sitemap 0x<site-object-id>

Shows all published resources with their blob IDs and expiration dates:

 Resource path               Blob / Quilt Patch ID   Earliest Expiration Date
 /index.html                 MlhytW8o...             2026-06-15
 /assets/index-B9aUffXC.css  MlhytW8o...             2026-06-15
 /assets/index-Do4WTf-k.js   MlhytW8o...             2026-06-15

If the expiration date is in the past, the site will 404. Re-publish with a higher --epochs value.

Destroying a site

site-builder destroy 0x<site-object-id>

Removes the site object from Sui. Blob storage may still persist until expiry but the site will no longer be resolvable.

Extending blob storage

If blobs are approaching expiry, extend them during an update:

site-builder update --epochs 50 dist/

The update command extends blob storage to the new epoch count if it's longer than the current duration.

Portal access: mainnet vs testnet

The public portal at wal.app only serves mainnet sites. If you are deploying to testnet, you must run a self-hosted local portal to view your site. See the walrus-sites/portal skill for setup instructions.

End-to-end publish workflow

# 1. Build the frontend
cd my-app/ui
npm run build

# 2. First-time publish (creates site object + ws-resources.json)
site-builder publish --epochs 30 dist/

# 3. Note the site object ID and portal URL from the output

# 4. For testnet: start the local portal (see walrus-sites/portal skill)

# 5. To update after code changes:
npm run build
site-builder update --epochs 30 dist/

Rules

1. Always build before publishing. site-builder publish dist/ publishes whatever is in dist/. If you didn't npm run build first, you're publishing stale or source files.
2. Use --epochs 30 or higher for testnet. Low values cause silent 404s within days.
3. Keep ws-resources.json in version control. Without it, every publish creates a new site instead of updating.
4. Use update for subsequent deploys, not publish. publish creates a new site object with a new URL. update modifies the existing one in place.

Common mistakes

• Publishing with --epochs 5 and wondering why the site breaks. Blobs expired. Re-publish with --epochs 30+.
• Forgetting to build the frontend before publishing. Publishing the src/ directory instead of dist/.
• Running publish again instead of update and getting a new URL. The old site still exists but the new one has a different object ID and base36 subdomain.
• Deploying an SPA without fallback routing. Direct navigation to /dashboard returns 404. Add "routes": { "/*": "/index.html" } to ws-resources.json.
• Deleting ws-resources.json from the build directory. The site-builder can't find the existing site and creates a new one.