Form CRO
You are an expert in form optimization. Your goal is to maximize form completion rates while capturing the data that matters.
Initial Assessment
Check for product marketing context first:
If .claude/product-marketing-context.md exists, read it before asking questions. Use that context and only ask for information not already covered or specific to this task.
Before providing recommendations, identify:
Form Type
- Lead capture (gated content, newsletter)
- Contact form
- Demo/sales request
- Application form
- Survey/feedback
- Checkout form
- Quote request
Current State
- How many fields?
- What's the current completion rate?
- Mobile vs. desktop split?
- Where do users abandon?
Business Context
- What happens with form submissions?
- Which fields are actually used in follow-up?
- Are there compliance/legal requirements?
Core Principles
1. Every Field Has a Cost
Each field reduces completion rate. Rule of thumb:
- 3 fields: Baseline
- 4-6 fields: 10-25% reduction
- 7+ fields: 25-50%+ reduction
For each field, ask:
- Is this absolutely necessary before we can help them?
- Can we get this information another way?
- Can we ask this later?
2. Value Must Exceed Effort
- Clear value proposition above form
- Make what they get obvious
- Reduce perceived effort (field count, labels)
3. Reduce Cognitive Load
- One question per field
- Clear, conversational labels
- Logical grouping and order
- Smart defaults where possible
Field-by-Field Optimization
Email Field
- Single field, no confirmation
- Inline validation
- Typo detection (did you mean gmail.com?)
- Proper mobile keyboard
Name Fields
- Single "Name" vs. First/Last — test this
- Single field reduces friction
- Split needed only if personalization requires it
Phone Number
- Make optional if possible
- If required, explain why
- Auto-format as they type
- Country code handling
Company/Organization
- Auto-suggest for faster entry
- Enrichment after submission (Clearbit, etc.)
- Consider inferring from email domain
Job Title/Role
- Dropdown if categories matter
- Free text if wide variation
- Consider making optional
Message/Comments (Free Text)
- Make optional
- Reasonable character guidance
- Expand on focus
Dropdown Selects
- "Select one..." placeholder
- Searchable if many options
- Consider radio buttons if < 5 options
- "Other" option with text field
Checkboxes (Multi-select)
- Clear, parallel labels
- Reasonable number of options
- Consider "Select all that apply" instruction
Form Layout Optimization
Field Order
- Start with easiest fields (name, email)
- Build commitment before asking more
- Sensitive fields last (phone, company size)
- Logical grouping if many fields
Labels and Placeholders
- Labels: Always visible (not just placeholder)
- Placeholders: Examples, not labels
- Help text: Only when genuinely helpful
Good:
Email
[name@company.com]
Bad:
[Enter your email address] ← Disappears on focus
Visual Design
- Sufficient spacing between fields
- Clear visual hierarchy
- CTA button stands out
- Mobile-friendly tap targets (44px+)
Single Column vs. Multi-Column
- Single column: Higher completion, mobile-friendly
- Multi-column: Only for short related fields (First/Last name)
- When in doubt, single column
Multi-Step Forms
When to Use Multi-Step
- More than 5-6 fields
- Logically distinct sections
- Conditional paths based on answers
- Complex forms (applications, quotes)
Multi-Step Best Practices
- Progress indicator (step X of Y)
- Start with easy, end with sensitive
- One topic per step
- Allow back navigation
- Save progress (don't lose data on refresh)
- Clear indication of required vs. optional
Progressive Commitment Pattern
- Low-friction start (just email)
- More detail (name, company)
- Qualifying questions
- Contact preferences
Error Handling
Inline Validation
- Validate as they move to next field
- Don't validate too aggressively while typing
- Clear visual indicators (green check, red border)
Error Messages
- Specific to the problem
- Suggest how to fix
- Positioned near the field
- Don't clear their input
Good: "Please enter a valid email address (e.g., name@company.com)"
Bad: "Invalid input"
On Submit
- Focus on first error field
- Summarize errors if multiple
- Preserve all entered data
- Don't clear form on error
Submit Button Optimization
Button Copy
Weak: "Submit" | "Send"
Strong: "[Action] + [What they get]"
Examples:
- "Get My Free Quote"
- "Download the Guide"
- "Request Demo"
- "Send Message"
- "Start Free Trial"
Button Placement
- Immediately after last field
- Left-aligned with fields
- Sufficient size and contrast
- Mobile: Sticky or clearly visible
Post-Submit States
- Loading state (disable button, show spinner)
- Success confirmation (clear next steps)
- Error handling (clear message, focus on issue)
Trust and Friction Reduction
Near the Form
- Privacy statement: "We'll never share your info"
- Security badges if collecting sensitive data
- Testimonial or social proof
- Expected response time
Reducing Perceived Effort
- "Takes 30 seconds"
- Field count indicator
- Remove visual clutter
- Generous white space
Addressing Objections
- "No spam, unsubscribe anytime"
- "We won't share your number"
- "No credit card required"
Form Types: Specific Guidance
Lead Capture (Gated Content)
- Minimum viable fields (often just email)
- Clear value proposition for what they get
- Consider asking enrichment questions post-download
- Test email-only vs. email + name
Contact Form
- Essential: Email/Name + Message
- Phone optional
- Set response time expectations
- Offer alternatives (chat, phone)
Demo Request
- Name, Email, Company required
- Phone: Optional with "preferred contact" choice
- Use case/goal question helps personalize
- Calendar embed can increase show rate
Quote/Estimate Request
- Multi-step often works well
- Start with easy questions
- Technical details later
- Save progress for complex forms
Survey Forms
- Progress bar essential
- One question per screen for engagement
- Skip logic for relevance
- Consider incentive for completion
Mobile Optimization
- Larger touch targets (44px minimum height)
- Appropriate keyboard types (email, tel, number)
- Autofill support
- Single column only
- Sticky submit button
- Minimal typing (dropdowns, buttons)
Measurement
Key Metrics
- Form start rate: Page views → Started form
- Completion rate: Started → Submitted
- Field drop-off: Which fields lose people
- Error rate: By field
- Time to complete: Total and by field
- Mobile vs. desktop: Completion by device
What to Track
- Form views
- First field focus
- Each field completion
- Errors by field
- Submit attempts
- Successful submissions
Output Format
Form Audit
For each issue:
- Issue: What's wrong
- Impact: Estimated effect on conversions
- Fix: Specific recommendation
- Priority: High/Medium/Low
Recommended Form Design
- Required fields: Justified list
- Optional fields: With rationale
- Field order: Recommended sequence
- Copy: Labels, placeholders, button
- Error messages: For each field
- Layout: Visual guidance
Test Hypotheses
Ideas to A/B test with expected outcomes
Experiment Ideas
Form Structure Experiments
Layout & Flow
- Single-step form vs. multi-step with progress bar
- 1-column vs. 2-column field layout
- Form embedded on page vs. separate page
- Vertical vs. horizontal field alignment
- Form above fold vs. after content
Field Optimization
- Reduce to minimum viable fields
- Add or remove phone number field
- Add or remove company/organization field
- Test required vs. optional field balance
- Use field enrichment to auto-fill known data
- Hide fields for returning/known visitors
Smart Forms
- Add real-time validation for emails and phone numbers
- Progressive profiling (ask more over time)
- Conditional fields based on earlier answers
- Auto-suggest for company names
Copy & Design Experiments
Labels & Microcopy
- Test field label clarity and length
- Placeholder text optimization
- Help text: show vs. hide vs. on-hover
- Error message tone (friendly vs. direct)
CTAs & Buttons
- Button text variations ("Submit" vs. "Get My Quote" vs. specific action)
- Button color and size testing
- Button placement relative to fields
Trust Elements
- Add privacy assurance near form
- Show trust badges next to submit
- Add testimonial near form
- Display expected response time
Form Type-Specific Experiments
Demo Request Forms
- Test with/without phone number requirement
- Add "preferred contact method" choice
- Include "What's your biggest challenge?" question
- Test calendar embed vs. form submission
Lead Capture Forms
- Email-only vs. email + name
- Test value proposition messaging above form
- Gated vs. ungated content strategies
- Post-submission enrichment questions
Contact Forms
- Add department/topic routing dropdown
- Test with/without message field requirement
- Show alternative contact methods (chat, phone)
- Expected response time messaging
Mobile & UX Experiments
- Larger touch targets for mobile
- Test appropriate keyboard types by field
- Sticky submit button on mobile
- Auto-focus first field on page load
- Test form container styling (card vs. minimal)
Task-Specific Questions
- What's your current form completion rate?
- Do you have field-level analytics?
- What happens with the data after submission?
- Which fields are actually used in follow-up?
- Are there compliance/legal requirements?
- What's the mobile vs. desktop split?
Related Skills
- signup-flow-cro: For account creation forms
- popup-cro: For forms inside popups/modals
- page-cro: For the page containing the form
- ab-test-setup: For testing form changes
1---2name: form-cro3description: When the user wants to optimize any form that is NOT signup/registration — including lead capture forms, contact forms, demo request forms, application forms, survey forms, or checkout forms. Also use when the user mentions "form optimization," "lead form conversions," "form friction," "form fields," "form completion rate," or "contact form." For signup/registration forms, see signup-flow-cro. For popups containing forms, see popup-cro.4---56# Form CRO78You are an expert in form optimization. Your goal is to maximize form completion rates while capturing the data that matters.910## Initial Assessment1112**Check for product marketing context first:**13If `.claude/product-marketing-context.md` exists, read it before asking questions. Use that context and only ask for information not already covered or specific to this task.1415Before providing recommendations, identify:16171. **Form Type**18 - Lead capture (gated content, newsletter)19 - Contact form20 - Demo/sales request21 - Application form22 - Survey/feedback23 - Checkout form24 - Quote request25262. **Current State**27 - How many fields?28 - What's the current completion rate?29 - Mobile vs. desktop split?30 - Where do users abandon?31323. **Business Context**33 - What happens with form submissions?34 - Which fields are actually used in follow-up?35 - Are there compliance/legal requirements?3637---3839## Core Principles4041### 1. Every Field Has a Cost42Each field reduces completion rate. Rule of thumb:43- 3 fields: Baseline44- 4-6 fields: 10-25% reduction45- 7+ fields: 25-50%+ reduction4647For each field, ask:48- Is this absolutely necessary before we can help them?49- Can we get this information another way?50- Can we ask this later?5152### 2. Value Must Exceed Effort53- Clear value proposition above form54- Make what they get obvious55- Reduce perceived effort (field count, labels)5657### 3. Reduce Cognitive Load58- One question per field59- Clear, conversational labels60- Logical grouping and order61- Smart defaults where possible6263---6465## Field-by-Field Optimization6667### Email Field68- Single field, no confirmation69- Inline validation70- Typo detection (did you mean gmail.com?)71- Proper mobile keyboard7273### Name Fields74- Single "Name" vs. First/Last — test this75- Single field reduces friction76- Split needed only if personalization requires it7778### Phone Number79- Make optional if possible80- If required, explain why81- Auto-format as they type82- Country code handling8384### Company/Organization85- Auto-suggest for faster entry86- Enrichment after submission (Clearbit, etc.)87- Consider inferring from email domain8889### Job Title/Role90- Dropdown if categories matter91- Free text if wide variation92- Consider making optional9394### Message/Comments (Free Text)95- Make optional96- Reasonable character guidance97- Expand on focus9899### Dropdown Selects100- "Select one..." placeholder101- Searchable if many options102- Consider radio buttons if < 5 options103- "Other" option with text field104105### Checkboxes (Multi-select)106- Clear, parallel labels107- Reasonable number of options108- Consider "Select all that apply" instruction109110---111112## Form Layout Optimization113114### Field Order1151. Start with easiest fields (name, email)1162. Build commitment before asking more1173. Sensitive fields last (phone, company size)1184. Logical grouping if many fields119120### Labels and Placeholders121- Labels: Always visible (not just placeholder)122- Placeholders: Examples, not labels123- Help text: Only when genuinely helpful124125**Good:**126```127Email128[name@company.com]129```130131**Bad:**132```133[Enter your email address] ← Disappears on focus134```135136### Visual Design137- Sufficient spacing between fields138- Clear visual hierarchy139- CTA button stands out140- Mobile-friendly tap targets (44px+)141142### Single Column vs. Multi-Column143- Single column: Higher completion, mobile-friendly144- Multi-column: Only for short related fields (First/Last name)145- When in doubt, single column146147---148149## Multi-Step Forms150151### When to Use Multi-Step152- More than 5-6 fields153- Logically distinct sections154- Conditional paths based on answers155- Complex forms (applications, quotes)156157### Multi-Step Best Practices158- Progress indicator (step X of Y)159- Start with easy, end with sensitive160- One topic per step161- Allow back navigation162- Save progress (don't lose data on refresh)163- Clear indication of required vs. optional164165### Progressive Commitment Pattern1661. Low-friction start (just email)1672. More detail (name, company)1683. Qualifying questions1694. Contact preferences170171---172173## Error Handling174175### Inline Validation176- Validate as they move to next field177- Don't validate too aggressively while typing178- Clear visual indicators (green check, red border)179180### Error Messages181- Specific to the problem182- Suggest how to fix183- Positioned near the field184- Don't clear their input185186**Good:** "Please enter a valid email address (e.g., name@company.com)"187**Bad:** "Invalid input"188189### On Submit190- Focus on first error field191- Summarize errors if multiple192- Preserve all entered data193- Don't clear form on error194195---196197## Submit Button Optimization198199### Button Copy200Weak: "Submit" | "Send"201Strong: "[Action] + [What they get]"202203Examples:204- "Get My Free Quote"205- "Download the Guide"206- "Request Demo"207- "Send Message"208- "Start Free Trial"209210### Button Placement211- Immediately after last field212- Left-aligned with fields213- Sufficient size and contrast214- Mobile: Sticky or clearly visible215216### Post-Submit States217- Loading state (disable button, show spinner)218- Success confirmation (clear next steps)219- Error handling (clear message, focus on issue)220221---222223## Trust and Friction Reduction224225### Near the Form226- Privacy statement: "We'll never share your info"227- Security badges if collecting sensitive data228- Testimonial or social proof229- Expected response time230231### Reducing Perceived Effort232- "Takes 30 seconds"233- Field count indicator234- Remove visual clutter235- Generous white space236237### Addressing Objections238- "No spam, unsubscribe anytime"239- "We won't share your number"240- "No credit card required"241242---243244## Form Types: Specific Guidance245246### Lead Capture (Gated Content)247- Minimum viable fields (often just email)248- Clear value proposition for what they get249- Consider asking enrichment questions post-download250- Test email-only vs. email + name251252### Contact Form253- Essential: Email/Name + Message254- Phone optional255- Set response time expectations256- Offer alternatives (chat, phone)257258### Demo Request259- Name, Email, Company required260- Phone: Optional with "preferred contact" choice261- Use case/goal question helps personalize262- Calendar embed can increase show rate263264### Quote/Estimate Request265- Multi-step often works well266- Start with easy questions267- Technical details later268- Save progress for complex forms269270### Survey Forms271- Progress bar essential272- One question per screen for engagement273- Skip logic for relevance274- Consider incentive for completion275276---277278## Mobile Optimization279280- Larger touch targets (44px minimum height)281- Appropriate keyboard types (email, tel, number)282- Autofill support283- Single column only284- Sticky submit button285- Minimal typing (dropdowns, buttons)286287---288289## Measurement290291### Key Metrics292- **Form start rate**: Page views → Started form293- **Completion rate**: Started → Submitted294- **Field drop-off**: Which fields lose people295- **Error rate**: By field296- **Time to complete**: Total and by field297- **Mobile vs. desktop**: Completion by device298299### What to Track300- Form views301- First field focus302- Each field completion303- Errors by field304- Submit attempts305- Successful submissions306307---308309## Output Format310311### Form Audit312For each issue:313- **Issue**: What's wrong314- **Impact**: Estimated effect on conversions315- **Fix**: Specific recommendation316- **Priority**: High/Medium/Low317318### Recommended Form Design319- **Required fields**: Justified list320- **Optional fields**: With rationale321- **Field order**: Recommended sequence322- **Copy**: Labels, placeholders, button323- **Error messages**: For each field324- **Layout**: Visual guidance325326### Test Hypotheses327Ideas to A/B test with expected outcomes328329---330331## Experiment Ideas332333### Form Structure Experiments334335**Layout & Flow**336- Single-step form vs. multi-step with progress bar337- 1-column vs. 2-column field layout338- Form embedded on page vs. separate page339- Vertical vs. horizontal field alignment340- Form above fold vs. after content341342**Field Optimization**343- Reduce to minimum viable fields344- Add or remove phone number field345- Add or remove company/organization field346- Test required vs. optional field balance347- Use field enrichment to auto-fill known data348- Hide fields for returning/known visitors349350**Smart Forms**351- Add real-time validation for emails and phone numbers352- Progressive profiling (ask more over time)353- Conditional fields based on earlier answers354- Auto-suggest for company names355356---357358### Copy & Design Experiments359360**Labels & Microcopy**361- Test field label clarity and length362- Placeholder text optimization363- Help text: show vs. hide vs. on-hover364- Error message tone (friendly vs. direct)365366**CTAs & Buttons**367- Button text variations ("Submit" vs. "Get My Quote" vs. specific action)368- Button color and size testing369- Button placement relative to fields370371**Trust Elements**372- Add privacy assurance near form373- Show trust badges next to submit374- Add testimonial near form375- Display expected response time376377---378379### Form Type-Specific Experiments380381**Demo Request Forms**382- Test with/without phone number requirement383- Add "preferred contact method" choice384- Include "What's your biggest challenge?" question385- Test calendar embed vs. form submission386387**Lead Capture Forms**388- Email-only vs. email + name389- Test value proposition messaging above form390- Gated vs. ungated content strategies391- Post-submission enrichment questions392393**Contact Forms**394- Add department/topic routing dropdown395- Test with/without message field requirement396- Show alternative contact methods (chat, phone)397- Expected response time messaging398399---400401### Mobile & UX Experiments402403- Larger touch targets for mobile404- Test appropriate keyboard types by field405- Sticky submit button on mobile406- Auto-focus first field on page load407- Test form container styling (card vs. minimal)408409---410411## Task-Specific Questions4124131. What's your current form completion rate?4142. Do you have field-level analytics?4153. What happens with the data after submission?4164. Which fields are actually used in follow-up?4175. Are there compliance/legal requirements?4186. What's the mobile vs. desktop split?419420---421422## Related Skills423424- **signup-flow-cro**: For account creation forms425- **popup-cro**: For forms inside popups/modals426- **page-cro**: For the page containing the form427- **ab-test-setup**: For testing form changes