Python Async Best Practices

Python Async Best Practices

Guidelines for writing and reviewing asyncio code. 5 rules in 1 category, prioritized by impact.

A rule match is a signal, not a verdict. These failures typically pass single-request smoke tests and surface under load — weigh the rule against the code's real concurrency profile.

Quick-reference lines are triggers, not licenses: before applying a rule as a review finding or a transformation, open the rule file and check its counter-signal — the marker-opened paragraph (**When ...** / **Scope:** / **Keep ...**) saying when NOT to apply it.

When to Apply

• Writing or reviewing async def code, task spawning, or streaming consumers
• Auditing an async service for blocking calls or unbounded fan-out
• Debugging hangs, orphaned tasks, or unraisable warnings at teardown

Impact Levels

• HIGH — stalls or silent failures affecting every task on the loop. Fix when found.
• MEDIUM — resource and cleanup discipline; apply to new code and code under review.

Rule Categories by Priority

Quick Reference

Concurrency & Async (async-)

• async-no-blocking-event-loop — No sync I/O, sleeps, or heavy CPU in async def; asyncio.to_thread for blocking calls
• async-own-your-tasks — TaskGroup by default; hold references and cancel-then-drain longer-lived tasks
• async-bound-concurrency — Semaphore/queue bounds when fan-out scales with input size
• async-generator-cleanup — aclosing() / explicit aclose() when leaving an async generator early
• async-preserve-cancellation — Cancellation is control flow: cleanup, then re-raise; never a logged failure

Related Skills

• python-best-practices — production Python generally; its error-specific-exceptions rule covers broad-catch hygiene and points here for asyncio cancellation depth.
• python-pytest — determinism-sync-not-sleep applies these ideas to concurrency tests.

How to Use

Read individual rule files for detail:

rules/async-no-blocking-event-loop.md
rules/async-own-your-tasks.md

Each rule has:

• Impact level in frontmatter
• Brief explanation
• Incorrect example
• Correct example
• Optional note on edge cases

For the full compiled guide with all rules expanded: AGENTS.md.