Hardware Wallets

Hardware Wallets with Nethereum

Private key never leaves the device. Both use the ExternalAccount pattern.

Ledger

NuGet: Nethereum.Signer.Ledger

dotnet add package Nethereum.Signer.Ledger

using Nethereum.Ledger;
using Nethereum.Web3;
using Nethereum.Web3.Accounts;

var ledgerManagerFactory = new NethereumLedgerManagerBrokerFactory();
var signer = new LedgerExternalSigner(ledgerManagerFactory, accountIndex: 0);

var externalAccount = new ExternalAccount(signer, chainId: 1);
await externalAccount.InitialiseAsync();

var web3 = new Web3(externalAccount, "https://your-rpc-url");

// Send transaction (same API as regular Account)
var receipt = await web3.Eth.GetEtherTransferService()
    .TransferEtherAndWaitForReceiptAsync(toAddress, 0.1m);

Legacy Path (Electrum/Ledger)

var signer = new LedgerExternalSigner(ledgerManagerFactory, accountIndex: 0, legacyPath: true);
// Uses m/44'/60'/0'/x instead of m/44'/60'/0'/0/x

Trezor

NuGet: Nethereum.Signer.Trezor

dotnet add package Nethereum.Signer.Trezor

Requires a PIN prompt handler:

using Nethereum.Trezor;
using Nethereum.Web3;
using Nethereum.Web3.Accounts;

public class ConsolePinHandler : ITrezorPromptHandler
{
    public Task<string> PromptPin()
    {
        Console.Write("Enter PIN (numpad positions): ");
        return Task.FromResult(Console.ReadLine());
    }

    public Task<string> PromptPassphrase()
    {
        Console.Write("Enter passphrase (or empty): ");
        return Task.FromResult(Console.ReadLine());
    }
}

var pinHandler = new ConsolePinHandler();
var trezorManagerFactory = new NethereumTrezorManagerBrokerFactory();
var signer = new TrezorExternalSigner(trezorManagerFactory, pinHandler, accountIndex: 0);

var externalAccount = new ExternalAccount(signer, chainId: 1);
await externalAccount.InitialiseAsync();

var web3 = new Web3(externalAccount, "https://your-rpc-url");

Personal Message Signing (Trezor only)

var signature = await signer.SignAsync(
    System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello Ethereum!"));

Comparison

For full documentation, see: https://docs.nethereum.com/docs/signing-and-key-management/guide-hardware-wallets