Terraform

What I do

• Write Terraform configurations for cloud infrastructure
• Manage state files and backends
• Use modules for reusable infrastructure
• Implement remote state with locking
• Handle secrets with Vault or cloud providers
• Use workspaces for environment management
• Implement CI/CD for Terraform
• Follow security best practices

When to use me

When creating Terraform configurations or managing cloud infrastructure.

Terraform Structure

terraform/
├── environments/
│   ├── prod/
│   │   ├── main.tf
│   │   ├── variables.tf
│   │   ├── outputs.tf
│   │   └── terraform.tfvars
│   ├── staging/
│   │   └── ...
│   └── dev/
│       └── ...
├── modules/
│   ├── networking/
│   │   ├── main.tf
│   │   ├── variables.tf
│   │   └── outputs.tf
│   ├── compute/
│   │   └── ...
│   └── database/
│       └── ...
└── global/
    └── s3/
        └── ...

Main Configuration

terraform {
  required_version = ">= 1.5.0"

  required_providers {
    aws = {
      source  = "hashicorp/aws"
      version = "~> 5.0"
    }
    random = {
      source  = "hashicorp/random"
      version = "~> 3.5"
    }
  }

  # Remote state with locking
  backend "s3" {
    bucket         = "my-terraform-state"
    key            = "environments/prod/terraform.tfstate"
    region         = "us-east-1"
    encrypt        = true
    dynamodb_table = "terraform-locks"
  }
}

provider "aws" {
  region = var.aws_region

  default_tags {
    tags = {
      Environment = var.environment
      ManagedBy   = "terraform"
      Project     = var.project_name
    }
  }
}

# Variables
variable "aws_region" {
  description = "AWS region"
  type        = string
  default     = "us-east-1"
}

variable "environment" {
  description = "Environment name"
  type        = string
  validation {
    condition     = contains(["dev", "staging", "prod"], var.environment)
    error_message = "Environment must be dev, staging, or prod."
  }
}

variable "vpc_cidr" {
  description = "VPC CIDR block"
  type        = string
  default     = "10.0.0.0/16"
}

# Use workspaces for environment separation
# terraform workspace new prod
# terraform workspace select prod

VPC Module

# modules/networking/main.tf
resource "aws_vpc" "main" {
  cidr_block           = var.vpc_cidr
  enable_dns_hostnames = true
  enable_dns_support   = true

  tags = {
    Name        = "${var.environment}-vpc"
    Environment = var.environment
  }
}

resource "aws_internet_gateway" "main" {
  vpc_id = aws_vpc.main.id

  tags = {
    Name = "${var.environment}-igw"
  }
}

resource "aws_subnet" "public" {
  count                   = length(var.public_subnet_cidrs)
  vpc_id                  = aws_vpc.main.id
  cidr_block              = var.public_subnet_cidrs[count.index]
  availability_zone       = var.availability_zones[count.index]
  map_public_ip_on_launch = true

  tags = {
    Name = "${var.environment}-public-${count.index + 1}"
  }
}

resource "aws_subnet" "private" {
  count             = length(var.private_subnet_cidrs)
  vpc_id            = aws_vpc.main.id
  cidr_block       = var.private_subnet_cidrs[count.index]
  availability_zone = var.availability_zones[count.index]

  tags = {
    Name = "${var.environment}-private-${count.index + 1}"
  }
}

resource "aws_nat_gateway" "main" {
  count         = length(var.public_subnet_cidrs)
  subnet_id     = aws_subnet.public[count.index].id
  allocation_id = aws_eip.nat[count.index].id

  tags = {
    Name = "${var.environment}-nat-${count.index + 1}"
  }
}

resource "aws_eip" "nat" {
  count = length(var.public_subnet_cidrs)
  vpc   = true
}

EC2 and Auto Scaling

resource "aws_launch_template" "app" {
  name_prefix   = "${var.environment}-app"
  image_id      = data.aws_ami.amazon_linux.id
  instance_type = var.instance_type
  key_name      = var.ssh_key_name

  vpc_security_group_ids = [aws_security_group.app.id]

  user_data = base64encode(templatefile("${path.module}/user-data.sh", {
    environment = var.environment
    api_key     = var.api_key
  }))

  iam_instance_profile {
    name = aws_iam_instance_profile.app.name
  }

  tag_specifications {
    resource_type = "instance"
    tags = {
      Name        = "${var.environment}-app"
      Environment = var.environment
    }
  }
}

resource "aws_autoscaling_group" "app" {
  name                = "${var.environment}-app-asg"
  vpc_zone_identifier = module.vpc.private_subnet_ids
  target_group_arns   = [aws_lb_target_group.app.arn]

  launch_template {
    id      = aws_launch_template.app.id
    version = "$Latest"
  }

  min_size         = var.min_size
  max_size         = var.max_size
  desired_capacity = var.desired_capacity

  health_check_type         = "ELB"
  health_check_grace_period = 300

  lifecycle {
    create_before_destroy = true
  }

  tag {
    key                 = "Name"
    value               = "${var.environment}-app"
    propagate_at_launch = true
  }
}

Terraform Workflow

# Initialize and plan
terraform init
terraform plan -var-file="environments/prod/terraform.tfvars"

# Apply with approval
terraform apply -var-file="environments/prod/terraform.tfvars"

# Format and validate
terraform fmt -recursive
terraform validate
terraform plan -detailed-exitcode

# State management
terraform state list
terraform state mv aws_instance.old aws_instance.new
terraform state rm aws_instance.deprecated

# Workspaces
terraform workspace list
terraform workspace new staging
terraform workspace select prod

# Import existing resources
terraform import aws_instance.existing i-1234567890abcdef0

# Destroy
terraform destroy -var-file="environments/dev/terraform.tfvars"