PHP Knowledge Patch

PHP Knowledge Patch

Use this skill when PHP work touches the deprecations, runtime changes, extension behavior, build requirements, security releases, or new APIs documented here. Start with the breaking-change notes below, then open the topic reference that matches the code under review.

Reference index

Breaking changes and deprecations

Replace deprecated core syntax

• Replace (boolean), (integer), (double), and (binary) with (bool), (int), (float), and (string).
• End case labels with : rather than ;.
• Replace backtick execution with shell_exec().
• Replace non-numeric string ++ with str_increment().
• Use an explicit empty-string key instead of a null array offset or a null key passed to array_key_exists().

Replace deprecated lifecycle and error paths

• Do not produce output inside a user output handler.
• Make __debugInfo() return an array.
• Prefer __serialize() and __unserialize() over __sleep() and __wakeup(); custom SplFixedArray subclasses should use the same modern hooks instead of SplFixedArray::__wakeup().
• Replace trigger_error($message, E_USER_ERROR) with an exception for a recoverable failure or exit() for an unrecoverable one.
• Use fpow() when IEEE 754 behavior is wanted for zero raised to a negative power.

Update renamed entry points

Stop explicitly closing object handles

curl_close(), curl_share_close(), finfo_close(), imagedestroy(), and xml_parser_free() are deprecated because their handle objects are freed automatically.

Revise closure rebinding

Do not bind an instance to a static closure, bind a method to an unrelated object, unbind $this, bind to an internal-class scope, or rebind the scope of a closure created from a function or method. These operations are deprecated.

Account for exception-based validation

APIs that previously warned, coerced, or accepted invalid inputs may now throw TypeError, ValueError, or another exception. Validate input or catch the documented failure around numeric ranges, GD controls, gettext domains, Intl, mbstring, PCNTL, XML, sockets, SNMP, LDAP, POSIX, Tidy, and database edge cases.

Recursive value comparison now throws Error instead of ending in an E_ERROR fatal error. Invalid round() modes throw ValueError rather than behaving as PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP.

Update resource and member checks

DBA connections, ODBC connections/results, and stream buckets are objects. Use explicit failure checks such as === false instead of relying on is_resource() for returned handles.

SoapClient::$httpurl and $sdl are Soap\Url and Soap\Sdl objects, and $typemap is an array. Use null checks instead of resource checks for those members.

Audit readonly and clone behavior

__clone() may reinitialize a readonly property but may not take an indirect reference to it. The function-form clone($object, $withProperties) can replace properties, including readonly properties, during cloning.

Rework OPcache and JIT configuration

Setting only a nonzero JIT buffer no longer activates JIT. Select a JIT mode explicitly, for example:

opcache.jit=tracing
opcache.jit_buffer_size=64M

OPcache is always built in and loaded. Remove legacy zend_extension=opcache.so and php_opcache.dll entries; opcache.enable and opcache.enable_cli remain available.

Database and session quick reference

Modernize PDO usage

• Driver-specific constants and prefixed PostgreSQL/SQLite methods move from PDO to the corresponding Pdo\* driver subclasses.
• Do not use the remote uri: DSN scheme.
• Treat string keys in PDO::FETCH_CLASS constructor arguments as named arguments and provide references for by-reference parameters.
• Do not change fetch mode during a fetch, combine FETCH_PROPS_LATE with anything except FETCH_CLASS, or use FETCH_INTO with fetchAll().
• Do not hard-code fetch-flag integer values.

PDO drivers may expose concrete subclasses through PDO::connect() or direct construction. Driver-aware parsing recognizes MySQL backtick identifiers and hash comments, plus SQLite backtick literals and square-bracket identifiers.

Clean up sessions and cookies

• Do not call session_set_save_handler() with more than two arguments.
• Stop changing deprecated session ID, cookie, and trans-SID settings; make storage accept 32-character hexadecimal session IDs.
• Ensure session_start() receives a hashmap and a read_and_close value with a type compatible with int.
• Treat | in a $_SESSION key as a warning condition during serialization.
• Use the partitioned cookie option where partitioned cookies are needed.

Frequently used additions

Constant expressions and declarations

Closures, first-class callables, and casts may appear in constant expressions, including attribute arguments and property or parameter defaults.

const LENGTH = strlen(...);
const ZERO = (int) 0.3;

Attributes may decorate compile-time non-class constants, and #[\Deprecated] may mark them. #[\Override] may be applied to properties; static properties support asymmetric visibility; promoted constructor properties may be final.

cURL request controls

Use CURLOPT_PREREQFUNCTION for a callback after connection establishment and before sending; return CURL_PREREQFUNC_OK to proceed or CURL_PREREQFUNC_ABORT to cancel. CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION receives the handle, debug-message type, and message, but cannot be combined with CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT.

CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION accepts CURLFOLLOW_OBEYCODE, CURLFOLLOW_FIRSTONLY, and CURLFOLLOW_ALL. Persistent share handles permit safe connection reuse across requests.

Safer validation and localized output

FILTER_THROW_ON_FAILURE makes filter validation throw, but cannot be combined with FILTER_NULL_ON_FAILURE.

IntlListFormatter, when ICU 67 or newer is available, formats localized AND, OR, or unit lists in wide, short, or narrow forms.

XML, SOAP, and images

• DOM XPath and XSL PHP registration accept native callables.
• Namespaced DOM XPath callbacks may use native XPath function syntax.
• SOAP class-map keys may use Clark notation, and SOAP now serializes DateTimeInterface values as date/time values.
• XSL parameters honor namespaces and XSL evaluation limits are configurable.
• EXIF and image-size inspection support HEIF/HEIC; with ext-libxml, getimagesize() also recognizes SVG and reports dimension units.

Security update

Deployments on the affected PHP 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, or 8.5 branches should use the corresponding security patch release documented in the database and persistence reference. The PHP 8.5 patch specifically fixes the BCMath out-of-bounds write identified there.