Ruff Knowledge Patch

Ruff Knowledge Patch

Use this skill when configuring, upgrading, integrating, or debugging Ruff. Start with the quick references below, then open the topic reference that matches the task. Treat project configuration, installed behavior, and test results as authoritative when they differ from this guidance.

Reference index

Upgrade triage

Check these changes first when an upgrade creates a large or surprising diff:

1. Pin target-version to the project's actual Python version. Implicit Python-version defaults have changed, and syntax validation may use a different default from ordinary lint-rule application.
2. Pin lint.select if the project relies on an established rule set. The default selection is now far larger and is not a strict superset of the old defaults.
3. Expect ruff format to process labeled Python blocks in Markdown by default. Map nonstandard extensions explicitly.
4. Review deprecated or removed rule codes, Airflow code migrations, the UP007/UP045 split, and the RUF025 to RUF037 move.
5. Review autofixes classified as unsafe before applying them in bulk, especially fixes that remove comments or change expression types.
6. Update integrations that parse human-readable output or JSON. Check output includes diffs, and several JSON location fields are nullable.

Quick reference: default rule expansion

Ruff enables 413 rules by default. This is primarily an expansion from 59, but 18 opinionated pycodestyle and Pyflakes rules are no longer implicit. Projects that need a fixed policy should configure it rather than inherit the moving default:

[tool.ruff.lint]
select = ["E4", "E7", "E9", "F"]

Preview defaults had already expanded substantially and changed during the preceding release series. Do not assume preview is simply stable selection plus experimental rules; inspect effective settings when migrating.

Quick reference: suppression migration

Ruff accepts ruff: ignore on a diagnostic line or the preceding line. Keep a space after the colon in the canonical spelling:

import math  # ruff: ignore[F401]

# ruff: ignore[F401]
import os

Block ruff:disable and ruff:enable ranges are stable. Preview mode also has file-level, logical-line, and nested logical-line suppression forms, plus human-readable rule names. See the lifecycle reference before converting a large suppression set: preview includes migration checks and a generated ignore command, and selector behavior differs from older code-only workflows.

File-level and inline noqa use a unified parser. Malformed forms that used to work can now error. PGH004 checks blanket file-level noqa, while RUF100 can report unused file-level and range suppressions.

Quick reference: formatting scope

ruff format now formats Python code blocks in Markdown without requiring preview. Labeled blocks include python, pycon, and Quarto markers; unlabeled blocks remain untouched. If Quarto files should be formatted, map their extension explicitly:

[tool.ruff]
extension = { qmd = "markdown" }

Formatter style has changed in two large steps. Expect diffs involving f-strings, implicit concatenation, assertions, match, context managers, method chains, lambdas, escaped triple quotes, and decorated classes in stubs. Review formatting changes separately from semantic lint fixes.

Quick reference: Python-version behavior

Always prefer an explicit target:

[tool.ruff]
target-version = "py312"

Syntax validation reports compiler errors during regular checks. If no target is configured, version-related syntax checks can assume the latest supported Python while other lint behavior uses the minimum supported Python. An inherited target from an extend chain is resolved before Ruff falls back to its default.

Python 3.14 is supported as a target. Preview supports Python 3.15 syntax, including lazy imports and starred unpacking in comprehensions, and retains the lazy keyword during import sorting.

Quick reference: CI and machine output

Use format-and-fail when a job should write changes but still fail if it made any:

ruff format --exit-non-zero-on-format .

ruff format --check accepts linter output formats:

ruff format --check --output-format github .

Check-mode output includes fix diffs. Treat human-readable output as display text, not a stable parser protocol. In JSON, accept null for filename, top-level start and end locations, and fix-edit start and end locations.

Quick reference: fix policy

Safe and unsafe classifications have become more context-sensitive. Before automating fixes:

• enable unsafe fixes only with review;
• preserve comments unless the rule explicitly guarantees it;
• watch for changes to expression or return types in pathlib rewrites;
• inspect typing rewrites that may insert a future import;
• do not expect every diagnostic to have a fix; some ambiguous or order-dependent cases deliberately skip one; and
• use the detailed safety matrix in Fixes and Safety.

With lint.future-annotations = true, fixes for selected typing rules can add from __future__ import annotations at module scope:

[tool.ruff.lint]
future-annotations = true

Set lint.typing-extensions = false when generated fixes must not import from typing_extensions.

Quick reference: server integrations

Server logging is controlled only by logLevel, whose default is info; LSP trace does not toggle logging. ruff.printDebugInformation no longer emits logging output. Code-action requests ignore diagnostics from other sources.

The server can use uv as its formatter backend. It also formats Markdown, lints TOML, indexes excluded nested Ruff workspaces, and tolerates unknown LSP enumeration values. Preview users who need code-oriented names can opt out of human-readable names.

Task workflow

Upgrading Ruff

1. Read the installed and target versions from the project manifest or lock.
2. Open the lifecycle reference and update removed, deprecated, or recoded selectors and suppressions.
3. Compare configured rule selection with current stable or preview defaults.
4. Open the formatting reference and run formatting in a clean worktree.
5. Open the safety reference before applying fixes.
6. Validate CI output parsers and editor integrations.

Investigating a changed diagnostic

1. Identify the rule code and whether preview is enabled.
2. Check lifecycle status and any code migration.
3. Check the rule-behavior reference for new coverage or exemptions.
4. Check the configured target version and file type.
5. Reproduce with the project's effective configuration.
6. If accepting a fix, check its current safety conditions.

Stabilizing automation

1. Pin target-version and lint.select.
2. Choose a machine-readable output format.
3. Make JSON fields nullable in the consumer schema.
4. Decide whether Markdown and mapped extensions belong in the format scope.
5. Decide whether preview human-readable names are acceptable.
6. Test watch, check, format-check, and language-server paths separately.

Building dependency graphs

Use ruff analyze graph with a virtual environment when imports must resolve against installed dependencies. Graph analysis can ignore imports under TYPE_CHECKING, works with notebooks, and honors configured src directories.

Verification checklist

• Confirm the effective target Python version.
• Confirm stable versus preview mode.
• Confirm the effective selected and ignored rules.
• Search configuration and suppressions for removed or migrated codes.
• Review formatter diffs in Python, stub, Markdown, and mapped-extension files.
• Review unsafe fixes and comment-removing edits.
• Exercise CI parsers against current text and JSON output.
• Exercise editor formatting, linting, code actions, and log settings.
• Keep project behavior and tests above general guidance when they conflict.