Supabase Knowledge Patch

Supabase Knowledge Patch

Use this skill for Supabase implementation, migration, operations, and debugging work where current platform behavior matters.

How to use this skill

1. Identify the affected surface: Auth, database, Data API, Edge Functions, Realtime, Storage, local development, self-hosting, administration, or integrations.
2. Read the matching reference before proposing code, configuration, migration steps, or operational advice.
3. For work spanning several surfaces, load only the references needed for those surfaces.
4. Preserve stated limits, defaults, prerequisites, and hosted-versus-self-hosted boundaries.
5. Treat alpha, beta, preview, and experimental features as labeled in the references.

Reference index

Cross-surface routing

• For API-key use in Edge Functions, read both Auth and keys and Edge Functions.
• For private Realtime authorization, read Realtime together with the relevant Auth and database guidance.
• For automatic embedding pipelines, read Storage, AI, and vectors together with cron, queues, and integrations.
• For hosted-to-self-hosted moves, read database migration, local CLI, and self-hosting guidance together.

Breaking changes and deprecations

• Supabase JavaScript libraries from 2.79.0 require Node.js 20 or later and native fetch; 2.78.0 is the last Node.js 18-compatible release.
• As of 2.101.0, register every postgres_changes binding before subscribe() because a joined channel rejects new listeners.
• Passing an async function directly to onAuthStateChange is deprecated.
• Table and view names passed to from() and columns passed to eq() or neq() are now type-checked.
• New publishable keys are not automatically injected into Edge Functions; add one under an SB_ secret name.
• The Storage owner field is deprecated in favor of owner_id.
• Do not begin new pgsodium or Transparent Column Encryption deployments; Vault itself is not deprecated.
• Before moving to Postgres 17, replace TimescaleDB hypertables and drop pgjwt.
• New projects require explicit grants before PostgREST or GraphQL can expose tables, and pg_graphql is opt-in.
• Explicit versions in CREATE EXTENSION and ALTER EXTENSION are ignored and produce a warning.
• Creating, altering, or dropping objects in the realtime schema now fails; existing policies on realtime.messages still work.

Authentication and key quick reference

• A publishable key selects anon unless a user JWT selects authenticated.
• A secret key selects service_role, bypasses RLS, must remain server-side, and is rejected from browsers.
• Hosted opaque keys rotate independently from legacy JWT keys but cannot be used as bearer JWTs.
• Opaque-key callers to Edge Functions need --no-verify-jwt and explicit apikey validation in the function.
• Move direct legacy-secret verification and legacy Edge Function JWT verification to getClaims() or JWKS before rotating signing keys.
• Allow about twenty minutes for edge and client JWKS caches when operating custom verifiers.
• Third-party Auth JWTs need asymmetric signing, a kid, and role: "authenticated"; otherwise Postgres uses anon.
• OAuth scopes control ID-token and UserInfo fields, not database authorization; enforce database access with RLS.
• OAuth client redirect URIs require exact matches rather than the wildcard rules used by ordinary Auth redirects.
• HTTP Auth Hooks use Standard Webhooks signatures, not JWT verification, and retry only qualifying 429 or 503 responses.
• A custom-access-token hook must preserve required JWT claims.
• Phone MFA uses enroll, challenge, and verify, and shares the phone-login provider configuration.
• Await auth.initialize() explicitly when redirect errors must be inspected.

Database and Data API quick reference

• Data API requests use the nearest read replica by default on load-balancer endpoints.
• Direct connections, shared Supavisor, and dedicated PgBouncer are separate connection options.
• Supavisor and dedicated PgBouncer each receive the configured pool-size budget independently.
• postgres-config update merges overrides unless --replace-existing-overrides is supplied.
• Dashboard and client statement timeouts cannot be configured above 60 seconds.
• PostgREST role-setting changes require notify pgrst, 'reload config'.
• .explain() is disabled by default because query plans expose database structure.
• HypoPG index creation and its EXPLAIN must run in one connection.
• pg_net begins queued HTTP work only after transaction commit.
• A SELECT accepted by pg_plan_filter can still call a mutating function.
• Foreign tables from Wrappers do not enforce RLS; keep them in an unexposed schema.
• A Data API pre-request function can inspect request settings and raise SQLSTATE PGRST for a custom HTTP response.
• Database-writing rate limits cannot cover read-only GET or HEAD requests.
• Disabling the Data API also disables REST, GraphQL, and database access through client libraries.

Edge Functions and Realtime quick reference

• Give each deployed function its own deno.json and, for private packages, its own .npmrc.
• A colocated deno.json takes precedence over a legacy import map.
• /tmp is invocation-scoped; synchronous filesystem calls are allowed only during initial module evaluation.
• Static-file bundles require CLI 2.7.0 or later, Docker-based bundling, and cannot use --use-api.
• Explicitly pinned function invocations do not fail over to another region.
• Resource-limit termination returns status 546 with WORKER_LIMIT.
• Browser WebSocket clients need handler-level token validation when gateway JWT verification is disabled.
• Private Broadcast and Presence use RLS policies on realtime.messages; these policies do not authorize Postgres Changes.
• A new access-token message refreshes cached private-channel policies.
• Set REPLICA IDENTITY FULL for old update and delete values, but RLS still limits delete old records to primary keys.
• Delete events cannot be filtered, and oversized Postgres Changes payloads retain only small individual values.
• Any Realtime Settings change disconnects all connected clients.
• New projects disable Postgres Changes until the relevant tables are enabled for Realtime replication.

Storage, vectors, and embeddings quick reference

• Analytics clients need separate catalog and S3 data credentials.
• A Vector index's dimension, metric, and data type cannot change after creation.
• Use 500 vectors as the conservative write batch while the alpha documentation's 500 and 1,000 limits differ.
• Generated S3 access keys bypass RLS and must remain server-side.
• For user-scoped S3 access, combine the project reference, anon key, and user JWT as session credentials.
• The TUS endpoint is /storage/v1/upload/resumable; use the direct Storage hostname and exactly 6 MiB chunks.
• Resumable upload URLs last up to 24 hours and accept only one concurrent writer each.
• Cross-bucket copy() and move() are limited to 5 GB objects and require distinct source and destination permissions.
• NoSuchBucket or NoSuchKey can mean that RLS hid an existing resource.
• Smart CDN invalidation does not clear browser caches; cacheControl remains independent.
• Queue-backed embedding workers should delete successful jobs and let failures reappear after the visibility timeout.
• Supabase.ai.Session currently supports only gte-small; keep the session at module scope for reuse.

Local development and deployment quick reference

• Run the npm CLI with Node.js 20 or later through npx, bunx, or a development dependency; global npm installation is unsupported.
• Preserve uncommitted schema and data before clearing local volumes for an upgrade.
• supabase config push applies local config.toml settings to a linked project.
• Declarative schema diffs omit DML and several database object and privilege categories; keep those changes in migrations.
• migration squash emits schema only and drops all DML, including cron jobs, Storage buckets, and Vault secrets.
• db lint needs --fail-on warning or --fail-on error to fail CI on findings.
• Preview branches apply only new migrations after creation and seed only once.
• Recreating a preview reruns migrations and seeding but loses branch-local data.
• The production deployment option ignores API settings, Auth settings, and seeds by default.
• Branch deployment steps are dependent; migration failure prevents seed and deploy.
• Self-hosted upgrades require matching Compose and mounted-configuration migrations, not image-tag changes alone.
• Self-hosted Functions use a shared filesystem and require a service restart after code changes.

Administration, security, and integration quick reference

• Developer and Read-Only role names do not imply Function-secret isolation; inspect the exact permissions before assigning them.
• Physical backups omit custom-role passwords and Storage API objects.
• Restore-to-new-project does not copy Functions, Storage objects and settings, several service settings, database settings, or replicas.
• Network restrictions replace the complete database allowlist and do not cover HTTPS APIs.
• PrivateLink carries direct Postgres and PgBouncer traffic only.
• Changing SSL enforcement restarts the database.
• High Compliance requires a signed BAA, the HIPAA add-on, PITR, suitable compute, SSL enforcement, and network restrictions.
• New-format secret keys exposed in public GitHub repositories are revoked automatically.
• Platform Audit Logs cover dashboard and Platform API member actions, not project Auth events.
• Cron job names are case-sensitive; rescheduling the same name replaces the job.
• Exposing Queues to clients requires pgmq_public, RLS on every queue table, and operation-specific grants.
• pgmq.pop() deletes on read and therefore provides at-most-once delivery.
• Management API OAuth scope changes require existing users to authorize again.
• Poll project health until the required service is ACTIVE_HEALTHY after programmatic provisioning.
• A platform branch merge promotes database changes and deployed Edge Functions only.
• Removing a table from an ETL publication does not remove its destination data.