Supabase Auth

Supabase Authentication

Overview

This skill provides authentication and user management operations through the Supabase Auth API. Supports email/password authentication, session management, user metadata, and password recovery.

Prerequisites

Required environment variables:

export SUPABASE_URL="https://your-project.supabase.co"
export SUPABASE_KEY="your-anon-or-service-role-key"

Helper script: This skill uses the shared Supabase API helper. Make sure to source it:

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

Common Operations

Sign Up - Create New User

Basic email/password signup:

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

supabase_post "/auth/v1/signup" '{
  "email": "user@example.com",
  "password": "securepassword123"
}'

Signup with user metadata:

supabase_post "/auth/v1/signup" '{
  "email": "user@example.com",
  "password": "securepassword123",
  "data": {
    "first_name": "John",
    "last_name": "Doe",
    "age": 30
  }
}'

Auto-confirm user (requires service role key):

# Note: Use SUPABASE_KEY with service_role key for this
supabase_post "/auth/v1/signup" '{
  "email": "user@example.com",
  "password": "securepassword123",
  "email_confirm": true
}'

Sign In - Authenticate User

Email/password login:

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

response=$(supabase_post "/auth/v1/token?grant_type=password" '{
  "email": "user@example.com",
  "password": "securepassword123"
}')

# Extract access token
access_token=$(echo "$response" | jq -r '.access_token')
refresh_token=$(echo "$response" | jq -r '.refresh_token')

echo "Access Token: $access_token"
echo "Refresh Token: $refresh_token"

Response includes:

• access_token - JWT token for authenticated requests
• refresh_token - Token to get new access token when expired
• user - User object with id, email, metadata
• expires_in - Token expiration time in seconds

Get Current User

Retrieve user info with access token:

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

# Set your access token from login
ACCESS_TOKEN="eyJhbGc..."

curl -s -X GET \
    "${SUPABASE_URL}/auth/v1/user" \
    -H "apikey: ${SUPABASE_KEY}" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer ${ACCESS_TOKEN}"

Update User

Update user metadata:

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

ACCESS_TOKEN="eyJhbGc..."

curl -s -X PUT \
    "${SUPABASE_URL}/auth/v1/user" \
    -H "apikey: ${SUPABASE_KEY}" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer ${ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d '{
      "data": {
        "first_name": "Jane",
        "avatar_url": "https://example.com/avatar.jpg"
      }
    }'

Update email:

curl -s -X PUT \
    "${SUPABASE_URL}/auth/v1/user" \
    -H "apikey: ${SUPABASE_KEY}" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer ${ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d '{
      "email": "newemail@example.com"
    }'

Update password:

curl -s -X PUT \
    "${SUPABASE_URL}/auth/v1/user" \
    -H "apikey: ${SUPABASE_KEY}" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer ${ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d '{
      "password": "newsecurepassword123"
    }'

Sign Out

Sign out user (invalidate refresh token):

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

ACCESS_TOKEN="eyJhbGc..."

curl -s -X POST \
    "${SUPABASE_URL}/auth/v1/logout" \
    -H "apikey: ${SUPABASE_KEY}" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer ${ACCESS_TOKEN}"

Refresh Token

Get new access token using refresh token:

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

REFRESH_TOKEN="your-refresh-token"

supabase_post "/auth/v1/token?grant_type=refresh_token" '{
  "refresh_token": "'"${REFRESH_TOKEN}"'"
}'

Password Recovery

Send password reset email:

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

supabase_post "/auth/v1/recover" '{
  "email": "user@example.com"
}'

Reset password with recovery token:

# This is typically done through email link
# The recovery token comes from the email link

RECOVERY_TOKEN="token-from-email"

curl -s -X PUT \
    "${SUPABASE_URL}/auth/v1/user" \
    -H "apikey: ${SUPABASE_KEY}" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer ${RECOVERY_TOKEN}" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d '{
      "password": "newpassword123"
    }'

Resend Confirmation Email

Resend email verification:

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

supabase_post "/auth/v1/resend" '{
  "type": "signup",
  "email": "user@example.com"
}'

Admin Operations (Service Role Key Required)

List All Users

Get all users (requires service role key):

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

# Make sure SUPABASE_KEY is set to service_role key
supabase_get "/auth/v1/admin/users"

Paginated user list:

# Get users with pagination
supabase_get "/auth/v1/admin/users?page=1&per_page=50"

Get User by ID

Retrieve specific user (requires service role key):

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

USER_ID="user-uuid-here"

supabase_get "/auth/v1/admin/users/${USER_ID}"

Create User (Admin)

Create user without email confirmation:

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

supabase_post "/auth/v1/admin/users" '{
  "email": "admin-created@example.com",
  "password": "securepassword123",
  "email_confirm": true,
  "user_metadata": {
    "first_name": "Admin",
    "last_name": "Created"
  }
}'

Update User (Admin)

Update user as admin:

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

USER_ID="user-uuid-here"

curl -s -X PUT \
    "${SUPABASE_URL}/auth/v1/admin/users/${USER_ID}" \
    -H "apikey: ${SUPABASE_KEY}" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer ${SUPABASE_KEY}" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d '{
      "email": "updated@example.com",
      "user_metadata": {
        "role": "admin"
      }
    }'

Delete User (Admin)

Delete user account:

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

USER_ID="user-uuid-here"

supabase_delete "/auth/v1/admin/users/${USER_ID}"

Common Patterns

Login and Store Tokens

#!/bin/bash
source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

# Login
response=$(supabase_post "/auth/v1/token?grant_type=password" '{
  "email": "user@example.com",
  "password": "password123"
}')

# Extract tokens
access_token=$(echo "$response" | jq -r '.access_token')
refresh_token=$(echo "$response" | jq -r '.refresh_token')
user_id=$(echo "$response" | jq -r '.user.id')

# Store in environment or file for subsequent requests
export SUPABASE_ACCESS_TOKEN="$access_token"
export SUPABASE_REFRESH_TOKEN="$refresh_token"
export SUPABASE_USER_ID="$user_id"

echo "Logged in as user: $user_id"

Check if User Exists

source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../../scripts/supabase-api.sh"

# Note: This requires service role key and admin endpoint
email="check@example.com"

users=$(supabase_get "/auth/v1/admin/users")
exists=$(echo "$users" | jq --arg email "$email" '.users[] | select(.email == $email)')

if [[ -n "$exists" ]]; then
    echo "User exists"
else
    echo "User does not exist"
fi

Verify JWT Token

# Tokens are JWTs - you can decode them (requires jq)
ACCESS_TOKEN="eyJhbGc..."

# Decode payload (base64)
payload=$(echo "$ACCESS_TOKEN" | cut -d. -f2 | base64 -d 2>/dev/null)
echo "$payload" | jq '.'

# Check expiration
exp=$(echo "$payload" | jq -r '.exp')
now=$(date +%s)

if [[ $now -gt $exp ]]; then
    echo "Token expired"
else
    echo "Token valid"
fi

Error Handling

Common error responses:

if response=$(supabase_post "/auth/v1/token?grant_type=password" '{...}' 2>&1); then
    echo "Login successful"
    access_token=$(echo "$response" | jq -r '.access_token')
else
    echo "Login failed: $response"
    exit 1
fi

Security Best Practices

1. Never commit credentials: Store tokens in environment variables or secure files
2. Use anon key for client operations: Public-facing authentication
3. Use service role key carefully: Admin operations only, never expose to clients
4. Implement token refresh: Refresh access tokens before they expire
5. Enable RLS: Configure Row Level Security policies in Supabase dashboard
6. Validate tokens server-side: Don't trust client-provided tokens without verification

Session Management

Typical flow:

1. User signs in → Get access_token and refresh_token
2. Store tokens securely
3. Use access_token in Authorization header for authenticated requests
4. When access_token expires → Use refresh_token to get new access_token
5. User signs out → Invalidate refresh_token

Token lifespan:

• Access token: 1 hour (default)
• Refresh token: 30 days (default)

API Documentation

Full Supabase Auth API documentation: https://supabase.com/docs/guides/auth