Cuvslam Troubleshoot

cuVSLAM Troubleshooting

Diagnose and fix issues with NVIDIA cuVSLAM — visual odometry and SLAM.

Source repo: https://github.com/nvidia-isaac/cuVSLAM Full troubleshooting guide: ../../TROUBLESHOOTING.md (read when investigating pose/tracking issues) Known limitations: references/cuvslam-limitations.md — check this first if the scene has dynamic objects, reflective surfaces, IR projector patterns, line-dominated environments, or agile/drone motion

Quick Triage

Classify the issue into one of these categories, then follow the relevant section:

1. Build / Install → Build Issues
2. Tracking lost or inaccurate pose → Tracking Issues
3. Integration (ROS2, Python API, C++ API) → Integration Issues

Build Issues

Requirements

• Ubuntu 22+ (x86_64 or aarch64/Jetson)
• CUDA Toolkit 12 or 13
• apt install g++ cmake git git-lfs python3-dev
• CMake 3.19+

Build from source

cmake -S . -B build && cmake --build build --parallel $(nproc)

PyCuVSLAM install

Pre-built wheels: https://github.com/nvidia-isaac/cuVSLAM/releases/latest

• x86_64: Ubuntu 22.04 / Python 3.10 has cu12 and cu13; Ubuntu 24.04 / Python 3.12+ has cu12 and cu13.
• Jetson Orin: Ubuntu 22.04 / Python 3.10 / cu12 only.
• Jetson Thor: Ubuntu 24.04 / Python 3.12+ / cu13 only.

From source (after building C++ lib):

CUVSLAM_BUILD_DIR=<path-to-build> pip install python/

Common build failures

• Missing CUDA: Set CUDAToolkit_ROOT=/usr/local/cuda or install CUDA Toolkit
• git-lfs not installed: apt install git-lfs && git lfs pull (binary test data)
• CMake too old: Need 3.19+
• Wheel ABI mismatch: Match the Python tag, CUDA major, architecture, and Jetson family using the matrix above.

Tracking Issues

Complete the three phases below in order. During Phases 1 and 2, run only information-gathering commands such as scripts/inspect_rosbag.py; do not convert bags, replay/launch data, or start tracker/replication steps until Phase 3.

Phase 1: Information gathering

Collect everything needed before touching any tools.

1a. Configuration file

Always ask for the user's config before proceeding — do not assume default parameters.

The config file must contain the cuVSLAM parameters the user had active when they observed the issue. Depending on their integration, this is one of:

If the user has not provided a config, say:

"To root cause this accurately I need the cuVSLAM configuration you were using. Please share the parameters file (for Isaac ROS) or the relevant Odometry.Config / CUVSLAM_Configuration settings you had set when the issue occurred."

Key parameters to note once you have the config:

• tracking_mode (Isaac ROS) / OdometryMode (Python) — 0/Multicamera is VO-only, while 1/Inertial requires and uses an IMU. Multisensor is different: it automatically enables IMU fusion only when Rig.imus is non-empty, so the mode value alone does not determine IMU use. Verify the rig's IMU list alongside cuNLS availability, depth_camera_ids, and pinhole calibration. Knowing this up front directs the diagnosis toward vision, depth, or IMU root causes.
• rectified_images (Isaac ROS) / rectified_stereo_camera (C++ API) — wrong value flips the entire stereo pipeline
• image_jitter_threshold_ms — tolerated timestamp jitter between left/right images; too tight a value causes frames to be dropped silently
• Tracker.Mode plus the async_sba / sync_mode that must match it — affects reproducibility
• enable_slam / loop closure settings — SLAM should only be tuned after odometry is solid
• denoise_input_images, imu_from_left — sensor-specific flags
• Any border/masking parameters — may inadvertently block features

1b. Dataset inspection

Identify the dataset format, then inspect it to confirm all required data is present. Read/inspect only — inspection commands such as scripts/inspect_rosbag.py are allowed, but do not convert bags, replay/launch data, or run tracker/replication steps yet.

Rosbag (.bag / .db3 + metadata.yaml):

Run the bag inspection script. Add --vio if the config has tracking_mode: 1:

source /opt/ros/<distro>/setup.bash
python3 scripts/inspect_rosbag.py <path/to/bag_folder>          # VO mode
python3 scripts/inspect_rosbag.py <path/to/bag_folder> --vio    # VIO mode

The script prints:

• ros_distro, duration, every topic with message count and Hz
• Required-topic check: stereo image topics (×2), camera_info topics (×2), IMU topic if --vio; warns on missing topics or left/right image count mismatch
• Camera intrinsics from the first camera_info messages (resolution, fx/fy/cx/cy, distortion model, zero-distortion = rectified)
• Stereo baseline derived from the right camera's P matrix (baseline = −P[3] / P[0]), with a sensor-model guess (D435i ≈ 50 mm, D455 ≈ 95 mm)
• All /tf_static transforms, with the IMU-related ones highlighted (needed for VIO extrinsic verification)
• Available TF frames (needed for rig_frame in the bag2edex config)

If any required topic is missing, report it to the user before proceeding.

EDEX directory:

Check that the following files/folders exist inside the EDEX directory:

Open stereo.edex and verify:

• frame_start / frame_end match the actual number of image files
• Camera intrinsics look sane (focal length matches resolution, no zeros)
• Baseline (translation X of the second camera's transform) is non-zero and plausible (typically 0.05–0.10 m for typical stereo rigs)
• distortion_model is "pinhole" for rectified images — a "fisheye" model with zero params is a misconfiguration; see references/edex-calibration-pitfalls.md
• If VIO: imu block exists with non-zero gyro_noise_density, accel_noise_density, and a valid transform

If the EDEX came from an isaac_ros_visual_slam debug dump, note this — it will need to be patched before the tracker can use it (see Phase 3).

1c. Ground truth

Ask the user whether they have ground truth trajectory data:

If yes — ask them to provide it. The tracker tool accepts a ground truth file directly:

CUVSLAM_DATASETS=<parent>/ CUVSLAM_OUTPUT=/tmp/out/ \
  ./build/bin/tracker \
    -edex <sequence_subfolder> \
    -edex_filename stereo.edex \
    -output_edex result.edex \
    -gt_file gt.txt

Ground truth enables ATE/RTE metrics in the tracker output and makes drift quantitative rather than qualitative.

If no — that is fine. As a fallback, per-frame translation differences from the estimated trajectory can surface large jumps or drift trends. For Isaac ROS / rosbag workflows, use the reference script scripts/vo_pose_diff_recorder.py to record these from the /visual_slam/tracking/vo_pose topic:

python3 scripts/vo_pose_diff_recorder.py --output /tmp/vo_pose_diff.txt

The output CSV (frame_id, timestamp_ns, translation_diff_m) can be plotted or scanned for anomalous spikes that indicate where tracking degrades.

Phase 2: Prerequisites for accurate tracking

With the config and dataset in hand, verify these before touching the diagnostic workflow:

1. Accurate intrinsic calibration — verify distortion model and params match the actual camera. See references/edex-calibration-pitfalls.md for common EDEX mistakes (e.g. "fisheye" with zero params ≠ "pinhole").
2. Accurate extrinsic calibration (stereo/multi-cam) — verify baseline axis and magnitude match the physical rig. See references/edex-calibration-pitfalls.md for wrong-axis baseline diagnosis.
3. Proper image synchronization — left/right timestamps must match per frame.
4. Sharp images, low noise — frame rate matters more than resolution.
5. Textured, rigid scenes — avoid repetitive patterns and dynamic objects.
6. Correct parameters and coordinate frames — check rectified_stereo_camera flag.
7. Sequential frames with small time deltas — no dropped or missing frames.

Phase 3: Diagnostic workflow

Only start this phase after Phases 1 and 2 are complete. This is where replication, bag conversion, and tracker runs happen.

Read ../../TROUBLESHOOTING.md for the full 14-step diagnostic flow. The summary below uses the same step numbers as that document.

Dataset path into the diagnostic workflow

Rosbag (.bag / .db3):

• Do NOT run the tracker tool directly on a rosbag.
• First reproduce the issue through Isaac ROS cuVSLAM (isaac_ros_visual_slam).
• Read references/isaac-ros-visual-slam-usage.md for installation, launch steps, key parameters, and how to verify it is running correctly.
• Use scripts/isaac_ros_visual_slam_realsense_bag.launch.py as the reference launch file for RealSense bag playback (Isaac ROS 4.3 — adapt for other versions). Pass enable_debug_mode:=true to capture a debug dump (EDEX + images) for offline analysis.
• Quick check for pose jumps: Before capturing a full debug dump, replay the bag at a very slow rate (0.05) with visualization disabled and check if the jumps disappear. Monitor /visual_slam/tracking/vo_pose (e.g. with scripts/vo_pose_diff_recorder.py) to detect jumps without RViz overhead.
  • Jumps gone at slow rate → the node cannot keep up at real-time speed (frame processing overrun, jitter). The root cause is a performance or timing issue, not calibration or data quality. Next steps: check CPU/GPU utilization during playback, reduce image resolution or publish rate, or tune throttling_time_ms.
  • Jumps persist at slow rate → the issue is in the data, calibration, or configuration. Proceed with the debug dump workflow below.
• Container note: If running inside the Isaac ROS Docker container, skill scripts (e.g. vo_pose_diff_recorder.py) are not mounted inside the container. Copy them to the shared workspace mount before use:

  cp scripts/vo_pose_diff_recorder.py ~/workspaces/isaac_ros-dev/
  # Then reference them inside the container as /workspaces/isaac_ros-dev/vo_pose_diff_recorder.py
  

• Debug dump ownership: The dump directory is written by the container as root. To work with the dump files, either run commands via docker exec or write output to a host-owned directory.
• Patch the debug dump EDEX before running tracker — the dump produced by isaac_ros_visual_slam has format incompatibilities with the tracker CLI. See commands/debug-dump-patch.md for the full list and the patch script scripts/patch_debug_dump_edex.py.
• Once the EDEX dump is captured and patched, proceed with the tracker-based workflow below.

EDEX file (.edex + image folder):

• The sequence can be run directly with the tracker tool — no ROS step needed.
• If the EDEX came from an isaac_ros_visual_slam debug dump, patch it first — see commands/debug-dump-patch.md.
• See commands/tracker.md for the full flag reference, all tracking modes, and worked examples.
• Inspect the output trajectory with result_visualizer.

Converting a rosbag to EDEX for offline tracker use:

• Use commands/bag2edex.md — install, config, and usage for the cuvslam-tools package (tools/python_tools/).
• Before converting, run rosbag_extract_urdf -r <bag> -o /tmp/urdf_out -d <distro> (see commands/bag2edex.md) to find the correct rig_frame for extrinsic extraction. Set ros_distribution in the config to match the bag's ROS distro.

Steps 1–2: Reproduce the issue

Follow the #### Dataset path into the diagnostic workflow section above for the correct path:

• Rosbag: First run at slow rate (0.05) in isaac_ros_visual_slam to confirm the issue appears. If jumps are gone at slow rate, the root cause is a real-time performance problem — investigate CPU/GPU load and stop here. If jumps persist, capture a debug dump, patch the EDEX, and continue with the tracker below.
• EDEX: Run the tracker directly.

Once you have a runnable EDEX, run the tracker in the same mode the user was using (match their tracking_mode, SLAM on/off, etc.):

CUVSLAM_DATASETS=<parent>/ CUVSLAM_OUTPUT=/tmp/out/ \
  ./build/bin/tracker -edex <sequence> -edex_filename stereo.edex \
  -output_edex result.edex -mode <user_mode>

Confirm the issue appears in the output (jumps, drift, lost tracking). Use the jump-analysis snippet in commands/tracker.md to count and locate jumps in the result EDEX.

Do not proceed to Steps 3–14 until the issue is confirmed reproducible here.

Step 3: Inspect images — Check for rolling shutter artifacts, blur, noise, corrupted frames. Frame rate > resolution for cuVSLAM.

Step 4: Mask static areas — Crop robot body / static objects from camera view using border parameters.

Step 5: Run mono tracking per eye — Isolates extrinsic calibration issues. Focus on rotation accuracy.

Step 6: Verify synchronization — Overlay left/right at 50% transparency to spot desync.

Step 7: Run stereo — If mono works but stereo doesn't → extrinsic calibration issue. Check left_from_right coordinate frame.

Step 8: Fine-tune — Resolution/FPS, brightness/contrast, denoising, motion model, masking. After tuning, validate with shuttle mode (tracker forward then backward over the same sequence — consistent trajectory = good odometry; large discrepancy = remaining drift or calibration error). See ### Shuttle-mode validation below.

Step 9: IMU — Only add IMU for robustness (not accuracy). If the user is running VIO and the issue may be IMU-related, re-run the tracker in VO-only mode (-mode multicamera) with the same EDEX and compare: if VO-only is significantly better, the IMU is the root cause. Then use debug_imu_mode to validate IMU alignment, and verify the IMU-to-camera extrinsic transform, noise density values, and gravity direction for your mounting orientation.

Frame rate and VIO (sub-topic of Step 9) — As part of diagnosis, try throttling the image publish rate and observe whether tracking improves or degrades. Use scripts/stereo_image_throttle.py (a ROS 2 relay node) with the SLAM node remapped to the *_throttled topics. Set image_jitter_threshold_ms to at least ceil(3000 / target_hz) to absorb timer scheduling jitter (e.g. 50 ms for 60 Hz, 100 ms for 30 Hz). See commands/stereo-image-throttle.md for the full deployment guide and launch-file snippet.

Frame rate interacts with VIO differently than VO: at 30 Hz the IMU integrates over 33 ms (vs 11 ms at 90 Hz), accumulating √3 more drift per step and receiving ~6–7 IMU messages per image interval instead of ~2–3. This means throttling can make VIO worse even if it improves VO. Measured on a D435i dataset: reducing 90→30 Hz in VIO mode turned 368 jumps (max 4.1 m) into 995 jumps (max 16.5 m), while VO at 30 Hz had only 1 jump (73 mm). If throttling degrades VIO specifically, switch to VO mode (tracking_mode: 0) instead of trying to find a safe throttle rate.

Step 10: Multi-camera — Validate each stereo pair independently first.

Step 11: Ground constraint — Enable for planar motion to reduce vertical drift.

Step 12: Enable SLAM — Only after odometry is solid. SLAM reduces drift ~1% via loop closure.

Step 13: Tune SLAM — Tune loop closure and pose graph parameters.

Step 14: Async mode — Enable for real-time. Tune throttling_time_ms.

Debug data dump

To capture diagnostic data for offline analysis:

// C++ — dumps EDEX + images
config.debug_dump_directory = "/tmp/cuvslam_dump";

# Python
odometry_config.debug_dump_directory = "/tmp/cuvslam_dump"

# Isaac ROS params
enable_debug_mode: true
debug_dump_path: "/tmp/cuvslam_dump"

Then use the tracker tool and result_visualizer for offline analysis. If the dump was captured from isaac_ros_visual_slam, patch the EDEX before running the tracker — see commands/debug-dump-patch.md.

Shuttle-mode validation

Run tracker forward and backward over the same sequence. Consistent trajectory = good odometry. Large discrepancy = drift or calibration issue.

Integration Issues

Isaac ROS cuVSLAM

See references/isaac-ros-visual-slam-usage.md for the full guide: installation, launch commands, key parameters, topic remappings, debug dump setup, verification steps, and RealSense-specific notes.

Global localization — Isaac ROS cuVSLAM does not support global localization without an external pose hint. Use Isaac ROS Visual Global Localization for this.

Python API (PyCuVSLAM)

• Docs: https://nvidia-isaac.github.io/cuVSLAM/python/
• Rerun visualization: see examples/kitti/track_kitti.py

C++ API

• Docs: https://nvidia-isaac.github.io/cuVSLAM/cpp/
• Rerun support: rebuild with -DUSE_RERUN=True

Tools

• tracker — standalone CLI for image-sequence tracking. See commands/tracker.md for the full flag reference, all tracking modes, shuttle-mode validation, and output analysis. The output EDEX always stores only camera 0 intrinsics — having one camera entry is normal, not a sign of mono mode.
• bag2edex — convert a ROS 2 bag to an EDEX sequence for offline tracker use. Uses the cuvslam-tools package (tools/python_tools/). See commands/bag2edex.md for install, config, and usage.
• result_visualizer — visualize EDEX output trajectories (tools/edex/result_visualizer/)
• undistort — remove lens distortion from images (tools/undistort/)
• cuvslam_api_launcher — test utility for tracking + map save/load (tools/cuvslam_api_launcher/)