Blender Python Execution

Blender Python execution

Use the provider's Blender tools as a transaction loop: inspect, execute one bounded change, inspect structured state, then inspect pixels when the result is visual. This skill owns execution discipline, not modeling or look-development decisions.

Discover the adapter

The known adapter exposes these schemas:

get_scene_info()
execute_blender_code(code)
get_object_info(object_name)
get_viewport_screenshot(max_size=800)

Tool prefixes and provider aliases are discoverable and may differ. Match tools by schema and behavior; do not guess an endpoint or port. Read references/mcp-call-contract.md before the first mutation.

Run the transaction loop

1. Call get_scene_info() before executing code. Identify the current file, scene, mode, active object, camera, engine, and objects in scope. Preserve existing content unless the user explicitly asks to replace it.
2. Run the read-only code in scripts/scene_probe.py through execute_blender_code(code) when the provider's scene summary is incomplete. Use scripts/scene_audit.py before rendering, export, or handoff. To prove camera coverage, prepend BLENDER_AUDIT_REQUEST = {"targets": ["ROOT-subject"], "margin": 0.08, "include_descendants": True, "include_instances": True} when executing through MCP, or pass --targets GEO-subject --margin 0.08 after Blender's -- delimiter; use --no-descendants or --no-instances only when those bounds are intentionally excluded. A camera merely existing is not a framing pass.
3. Define one transaction with named inputs, stable target names, a narrow mutation, and an expected postcondition. Prefer Blender's data API. Use an operator only when its context is prepared explicitly.
4. Send a small, self-contained code string to execute_blender_code(code). Every call has a fresh Python namespace: re-import modules and reacquire datablocks from bpy.data by name.
5. End the code with one JSON object on standard output. Include ok, operation, target names, changed values or counts, and any warnings. Do not print credentials, environment variables, or unrelated paths.
6. Call get_object_info(object_name) for every primary target and get_scene_info() after scene-wide changes. Check the expected state rather than treating a successful tool response as proof.
7. For visible changes, call get_viewport_screenshot(max_size=800) or inspect the requested render. Verify framing, geometry, materials, and lighting. A screenshot can be stale or produced by another engine; it does not by itself prove that OVRTX rendered or accepted an edit.

Execution rules

• Never use time.sleep() or a polling loop inside Blender code. Return control to the agent and poll with provider/status tools outside Blender.
• Keep each call bounded. Split creation, materials, lighting, rendering, and export into independently verifiable transactions.
• Use stable names and explicit ownership. Do not rely on selection order, default names, or Python variables from a previous call.
• Make mutations idempotent: get-or-create owned datablocks, set requested values absolutely, and avoid duplicate modifiers, links, handlers, or nodes.
• Call bpy.context.view_layer.update() before reading evaluated transforms, bounds, or dependency-graph results.
• Prefer direct data access. When an operator is necessary, set mode, selection, and active object explicitly or use bpy.context.temp_override(...) with a verified area/region. Restore user-visible context when practical.
• Do not delete broadly, reset the scene or World, open another file, save over the source, enable scripts, install add-ons, or render to an arbitrary path unless the user requested that exact action.
• Treat external .blend, USD, archives, scripts, drivers, and add-ons as untrusted content. Opening or enabling them is outside this execution skill.

Mutation shape

Use the patterns in references/python-transaction-patterns.md. A minimal transaction has this form:

import bpy, json

name = "GEO-requested-target"
obj = bpy.data.objects.get(name)
if obj is None:
    raise RuntimeError(f"missing target: {name}")

obj.hide_render = False
bpy.context.view_layer.update()
print(json.dumps({
    "ok": True,
    "operation": "set_render_visibility",
    "object": obj.name,
    "hide_render": obj.hide_render,
}, sort_keys=True))

Failure handling

• On a traceback, report the exception and failing line, reduce the transaction, reacquire state, and retry only the failed operation.
• On timeout, do not resend the same large script. Inspect the scene, split the work, and remove blocking waits or expensive loops.
• If structured state changed but pixels did not, check camera, view layer, visibility, dependency-graph evaluation, active engine, and stale viewport state before repeating the mutation. Use the interactive redraw/frame pattern in references/python-transaction-patterns.md, return control, then capture a new screenshot; use a render when background mode or freshness matters.
• For reproducible render-camera coverage, route to blender-camera-framing. Viewport view_selected changes only RegionView3D and cannot prove that a render camera contains the subject.
• If the provider lacks code execution, do not use shell Blender as a hidden substitute for mutating the user's live session. Stop and report the missing capability. A background Blender script is allowed only when the user explicitly authorizes an offline/caller-owned derivative or the routed workflow already declares background execution for a large build, frame loop, render, or round-trip test; keep it isolated from the live source.

Completion gate

Report success only when the requested postcondition passes structured inspection and every visual claim has current visual evidence. State the active engine and label screenshots, Blender renders, native renderer products, and postprocessed images separately.