Code Architecture

Code Architecture Standards

Apply these patterns when:

• Creating a new file with multiple functions
• Extracting code from one file to another
• Refactoring existing module structure

Function Order (High-level to details)

// Good — main entry near the top, details below

// 1. Constants, types, schemas
const CONFIG = { ... } as const
type Options = { ... }

// 2. Main/entry functions
export async function runTask() {
  await initialize()
  await processData()
}

// 3. Supporting functions
async function initialize() { ... }
async function processData() { ... }

// 4. Utilities
function formatDate(date: Date) { ... }

// Bad — bottom-up ordering: utilities first, main entry buried at the bottom.
// Compiles fine because of JS hoisting, but readers have to scroll past
// internals before reaching the entry point. This is the most common
// violation — it's the default ordering in a lot of JS/TS code, but it
// inverts the reading order we want.

function formatDate(date: Date) { ... }            // utility
async function initialize() { ... }                // supporting
async function processData() { ... }               // supporting
export async function runTask() {                  // main, but readers hit it LAST
  await initialize()
  await processData()
}

When reviewing a file: locate the main exported entry first. If it isn't near the top (after types/constants), the file is inverted — reorder it.

Avoid Bloat Proxy Functions

// Bad
export class MyWorkflow {
  async buildPlan() {
    return await plannerService.buildPlan()
  }
}

// Good
import { buildPlan } from './planner-service'
const plan = await buildPlan()

Prefer Service Functions Over Classes

// Bad
export class ClickhouseService {
  constructor(private client: ClickHouseClient) {}
  async query(sql: string) { ... }
}

// Good
export async function queryClickhouse(
  sql: string,
  deps: { clickhouse: ClickHouseClient }
) {
  return await deps.clickhouse.query(sql)
}

Benefits:

• Tree-shakable imports
• Explicit dependencies
• Easier testing/mocking
• No unnecessary lifecycle/state wrappers

Classes vs Functions

• Classes: complex stateful behavior, polymorphism, persistent invariants
• Functions: services, transformations, orchestration, adapters

Extract Shared Services Carefully

Extract shared functions only when logic is truly identical and should evolve together.

// Good
export async function runBackfillStep(input: StepInput, deps: RuntimeDeps) {
  const plan = await buildPlan(input, deps)
  const result = await executePlan(plan, deps)
  await writeSummary(result, deps)
  return result
}

Do not force abstraction when call sites are only similar and likely to diverge.

Dependency Injection Pattern

Use a final deps/env object parameter for external resources:

export async function myFunction(
  input: string,
  deps: { db: DbClient; logger: Logger }
) {
  // ...
}