Three.js 3D Generator
Purpose
Create production-oriented 3D assets, then prepare them for Three.js games. This is the Three.js game system's 3D-generation layer; it uses Tripo as the provider for text-to-3D, image-to-3D, texturing, rigging, retargeting, stylization, conversion, and downloadable GLB/FBX outputs.
API Key
Never store API keys in skill files or client-side game code. The script checks:
--api-key
TRIPO_API_KEY
Step 0 before declaring the key unavailable:
bash ~/.claude/skills/threejs-game-director/scripts/probe_asset_credentials.sh
For Codex installs:
bash ~/.codex/skills/threejs-game-director/scripts/probe_asset_credentials.sh
Paste the literal TRIPO_API_KEY=SET|MISSING output in the report. Do not conclude the key is unavailable from a plain non-interactive shell until this probe has sourced the user's shell profiles.
When the probe says SET but threejs_3d_asset.py reports a missing key, the key is exported in an interactive-only profile (e.g. ~/.zshrc). Wrap script invocations the same way the probe does:
zsh -c 'source "$HOME/.zprofile" 2>/dev/null; source "$HOME/.zshrc" 2>/dev/null; python3 .../threejs_3d_asset.py ...'
Use the API only from local/server-side tooling. Generated model download URLs expire quickly, so download outputs immediately after successful tasks.
Tool Script
Reference gate:
- Load
references/api-notes.md before provider API work, endpoint/task decisions, model-version choices, polling, postprocess, conversion, rigging, animation, or download handling.
- Load
references/threejs-integration.md before importing Tripo outputs into a browser game or advising GLB/FBX integration.
- Load
references/image-generator-workflows.md before pairing threejs-image-generator with this skill for 2D concepts, texture references, UI art, logos, decals, or image-to-3D inputs.
Track required references in a reference ledger with yes/no, path, and failure reason. Do not mark an asset pipeline complete while a required reference is skipped.
Run from the user's current project directory:
python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py --help
If installed in Codex instead of Claude, use:
python3 ~/.codex/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py --help
Common Commands
Recommended premium game hero model:
python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py text \
--prompt "game-ready [hero asset], strong readable silhouette, layered hard-surface detail, PBR materials, clean topology for browser game, centered pivot, 3/4 view, no text" \
--model-version v3.1-20260211 \
--texture-quality detailed \
--geometry-quality detailed \
--wait --download --out-dir assets/models/hero
Text to 3D:
python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py text \
--prompt "game-ready sci-fi hover bike, sleek armored panels, readable silhouette, PBR, front facing" \
--model-version v3.1-20260211 \
--texture-quality detailed \
--geometry-quality detailed \
--wait --download --out-dir assets/models/hover-bike
Image to 3D from a local threejs-image-generator concept:
python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py image \
--image assets/concepts/hover-bike-front.png \
--model-version v3.1-20260211 \
--enable-image-autofix \
--texture-alignment original_image \
--texture-quality detailed \
--wait --download --out-dir assets/models/hover-bike
Status and download:
python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py status TASK_ID
python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py download TASK_ID --out-dir assets/models
Texture, rig, animate, or convert:
python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py postprocess \
--type texture_model --original-task-id TASK_ID \
--texture-prompt "brushed gunmetal, orange hazard decals, worn edges" \
--wait --download --out-dir assets/models/retextured
python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py postprocess \
--type animate_prerigcheck --original-task-id TASK_ID --wait
python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py postprocess \
--type animate_rig --original-task-id TASK_ID --rig-type biped --spec tripo --wait
# animate_retarget takes the RIG task ID, not the generation task ID.
# Batch up to 5 presets per task via --animations.
# NEVER pass --animate-in-place: it corrupts the bake (mirrored limbs / exploded
# skinning). Strip root motion in the engine instead.
python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py postprocess \
--type animate_retarget --original-task-id RIG_TASK_ID --model-version v2.5-20260210 \
--animations preset:idle,preset:walk,preset:run \
--wait --download --out-dir assets/models/animated
python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py postprocess \
--type conversion --original-task-id TASK_ID --format GLTF \
--face-limit 20000 --wait --download --out-dir assets/models/gltf
python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py postprocess \
--type stylize_model --original-task-id TASK_ID --style voxel \
--wait --download --out-dir assets/models/voxel
Animated character pipeline (generation -> prerigcheck -> validated rig with retries -> retargets -> downloads). The pipeline routes itself by body plan: biped characters automatically use the v1.0-20240301 anatomical rig with one FBX per animation (plain preset names are mapped onto the preset:biped:* library); creatures use the v2.5-20260210 rig with GLB clips:
python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py character-pipeline \
--prompt "stylized cyber runner character, T-pose, full body, game-ready outfit, readable silhouette" \
--animations preset:idle,preset:walk,preset:run,preset:jump \
--out-dir assets/models/cyber-runner
# Creature example: stance language matters — generate in the pose the preset expects.
python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py character-pipeline \
--prompt "stylized wolf, quadrupedal stance, all four legs planted and separated, full body" \
--rig-type quadruped --animations preset:quadruped:walk \
--out-dir assets/models/wolf
Three.js Image Generator Pairing
Use threejs-image-generator before 3D generation when the asset benefits from a strong 2D reference:
- Character concept, full-body T-pose/A-pose, front/side/back variants.
- Building, prop, vehicle, weapon, pickup, enemy, obstacle, or terrain tile reference.
- Style sheet for a whole asset family.
- Texture references: terrain, rock, metal, fabric, decals, skyboxes, backgrounds, UI materials.
- Logos, faction marks, pickup icons, hazard signs, cockpit decals, HUD symbols, and GUI panels.
Load references/image-generator-workflows.md for prompt patterns before generating or editing 2D inputs.
Three.js Integration
Load references/threejs-integration.md before importing Tripo outputs into a browser game. In short:
- Prefer GLB/PBR outputs for Three.js.
- Use
GLTFLoader for loading.
- Use
AnimationMixer for rigged/animated GLBs.
- Keep generated model files out of client-side API flows; generation is a tooling step.
- Inspect triangle count, texture count, material count, file size, scale, pivot, bounds, and animation clips.
- Use generated 3D assets as hero/high-fidelity content, then build surrounding prop kits procedurally or with additional
threejs-3d-generator / threejs-image-generator passes.
Rigging and Animation Reliability
Load references/api-notes.md for the full parameter tables. The rules that prevent most failures:
- Generate characters as one fused mesh: keep
--quad and --generate-parts off (generate_parts disables texturing; quad forces FBX output).
- Require full-body T-pose or A-pose, arms away from body, symmetric, no props fused to the silhouette. Verify the rendered preview is actually in T/A-pose before rigging; regenerate if not.
- Run
animate_prerigcheck first (it takes no model version) and use the detected rig_type for animate_rig and preset selection. riggable=false means regenerate with a clearer pose, not force-rig.
riggable=true does not guarantee a usable rig. After rigging, validate the skeleton before retargeting: threejs_3d_asset.py validate-rig rig-model.glb --rig-type biped (the character-pipeline does this automatically). Check both presence AND chain depth: a rig with a 1-bone leg or 2-bone arm warps every clip.
- Auto-rigging is nondeterministic. On validation failure, retry the rig task (~25 credits) before regenerating the model —
character-pipeline --rig-retries N (default 2) automates this, and --model-task-id TASK_ID resumes from an existing generation. Armored/hard-surface characters need the most retries; organic meshes usually rig first try.
- Creatures get exactly one preset (walk/march). For multi-mode creatures (crawl + fly dragons), rig the same model twice — ground rig type for the locomotion preset,
avian for wing chains — and drive wings procedurally in Three.js or via external clips on a mixamo-spec rig.
- Retargeted clips are named
NlaTrack, NlaTrack.001, … in request order — map by index and rename after import.
- Rig version is the main quality lever, and it differs by body plan (measured June 2026). The
character-pipeline routes this automatically; only override --rig-model-version deliberately:
- HUMANOIDS:
v1.0-20240301 (anatomical Mixamo-like skeleton with twist bones + the large preset:biped:* clip library: idle, walk, run, slash, jump, dances, ...). The v2.x limb-chain rigger went 0/16 on humanoid meshes — armored or not, T-pose or A-pose — always producing asymmetric chains.
- CREATURES:
v2.5-20260210 (v2.x handles quadruped/avian well: symmetric 5-6 bone chains).
- For v1.0 rigs, retarget with
--model-version default (omit the version): the retarget enum rejects explicit v1.0-20240301 (HTTP 400 code 2017) but the server default handles v1.0 rigs.
- v1.0 retargets must use
--out-format fbx (the script enforces this): Tripo's GLB bake on this path exports twist-bone transforms in the wrong space and limbs collapse into the torso — the FBX of the same task is correct. Load with three.js FBXLoader or convert offline. v2.5 creature retargets are fine as GLB.
- Use
--spec tripo (default) when Tripo presets will be retargeted; --spec mixamo rigs cannot be used with Tripo retarget and are only for external animation pipelines.
animate_retarget takes the RIG task ID. Batch up to 5 presets per task with --animations.
- Only 16 presets exist for v2.5 rigs (no
preset:attack; use preset:slash/preset:shoot). Non-biped rig types have a single locomotion preset each; plan extra creature motion procedurally or via external retargeting.
- A creature's MESH STANCE drives how presets read: a quadruped walk on an upright-standing dragon looks like a human walking. Generate creatures in the stance the animation expects (horizontal body, all fours planted) — the pipeline only auto-appends T-pose language for biped rigs.
- After download, run
threejs_3d_asset.py validate-animation clip.glb (keyframe QA: flags scale tracks, limb-stretching translation tracks, extreme rotations, and reports per-clip duration/channel coverage), then verify motion visually in the engine.
- Never use
--animate-in-place (verified to corrupt clips: mirrored/crossed limbs on v1.0 rigs, exploded skinning on v2.5). Keep root motion baked and convert to in-place at import: zero only the HORIZONTAL components of the root bone's position track, keep vertical (jumps and gait bob live there). Gameplay code then drives locomotion. Exact snippet in threejs-integration.md.
- After download, inspect
gltf.animations clip names and counts before wiring the AnimationMixer.
Quality Rules
- Improve the user's prompt with material, silhouette, camera/readability, scale, and game-use constraints.
- For riggable characters, include full-body T-pose or A-pose in the prompt or create a T-pose reference image first.
- For Three.js games, request GLB/PBR, reasonable face limits, and texture quality matched to the performance budget.
- For mobile/browser games, favor
smart_low_poly, face_limit, later conversion, or low-poly postprocess when the asset is too expensive.
- Always download output URLs immediately after success.
- Report the credential probe output, reference ledger, task IDs, output paths, model version, texture/geometry settings, animations, conversion settings, Three.js import notes, and any missing/failed steps.
1---2name: threejs-3d-generator3description: Generate, texture, rig, animate, stylize, convert, and download 3D assets for Three.js games using the Tripo API. Use for text-to-3D, image-to-3D, 2D concept to 3D conversion, game-ready GLB/FBX assets, characters, creatures, buildings, props, weapons, terrain pieces, auto-rigging, animation retargeting, model texturing, LEGO/voxel/Minecraft-style stylization, low-poly/quad conversion, and browser asset pipelines. Pair with threejs-image-generator for concepts, texture references, sky/background/terrain textures, logos, icons, and GUI art before image-to-3D generation.4---56# Three.js 3D Generator78## Purpose910Create production-oriented 3D assets, then prepare them for Three.js games. This is the Three.js game system's 3D-generation layer; it uses Tripo as the provider for text-to-3D, image-to-3D, texturing, rigging, retargeting, stylization, conversion, and downloadable GLB/FBX outputs.1112## API Key1314Never store API keys in skill files or client-side game code. The script checks:15161. `--api-key`172. `TRIPO_API_KEY`1819Step 0 before declaring the key unavailable:2021```bash22bash ~/.claude/skills/threejs-game-director/scripts/probe_asset_credentials.sh23```2425For Codex installs:2627```bash28bash ~/.codex/skills/threejs-game-director/scripts/probe_asset_credentials.sh29```3031Paste the literal `TRIPO_API_KEY=SET|MISSING` output in the report. Do not conclude the key is unavailable from a plain non-interactive shell until this probe has sourced the user's shell profiles.3233When the probe says SET but `threejs_3d_asset.py` reports a missing key, the key is exported in an interactive-only profile (e.g. `~/.zshrc`). Wrap script invocations the same way the probe does:3435```bash36zsh -c 'source "$HOME/.zprofile" 2>/dev/null; source "$HOME/.zshrc" 2>/dev/null; python3 .../threejs_3d_asset.py ...'37```3839Use the API only from local/server-side tooling. Generated model download URLs expire quickly, so download outputs immediately after successful tasks.4041## Tool Script4243Reference gate:4445- Load `references/api-notes.md` before provider API work, endpoint/task decisions, model-version choices, polling, postprocess, conversion, rigging, animation, or download handling.46- Load `references/threejs-integration.md` before importing Tripo outputs into a browser game or advising GLB/FBX integration.47- Load `references/image-generator-workflows.md` before pairing `threejs-image-generator` with this skill for 2D concepts, texture references, UI art, logos, decals, or image-to-3D inputs.4849Track required references in a reference ledger with yes/no, path, and failure reason. Do not mark an asset pipeline complete while a required reference is skipped.5051Run from the user's current project directory:5253```bash54python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py --help55```5657If installed in Codex instead of Claude, use:5859```bash60python3 ~/.codex/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py --help61```6263## Common Commands6465Recommended premium game hero model:6667```bash68python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py text \69 --prompt "game-ready [hero asset], strong readable silhouette, layered hard-surface detail, PBR materials, clean topology for browser game, centered pivot, 3/4 view, no text" \70 --model-version v3.1-20260211 \71 --texture-quality detailed \72 --geometry-quality detailed \73 --wait --download --out-dir assets/models/hero74```7576Text to 3D:7778```bash79python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py text \80 --prompt "game-ready sci-fi hover bike, sleek armored panels, readable silhouette, PBR, front facing" \81 --model-version v3.1-20260211 \82 --texture-quality detailed \83 --geometry-quality detailed \84 --wait --download --out-dir assets/models/hover-bike85```8687Image to 3D from a local `threejs-image-generator` concept:8889```bash90python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py image \91 --image assets/concepts/hover-bike-front.png \92 --model-version v3.1-20260211 \93 --enable-image-autofix \94 --texture-alignment original_image \95 --texture-quality detailed \96 --wait --download --out-dir assets/models/hover-bike97```9899Status and download:100101```bash102python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py status TASK_ID103python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py download TASK_ID --out-dir assets/models104```105106Texture, rig, animate, or convert:107108```bash109python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py postprocess \110 --type texture_model --original-task-id TASK_ID \111 --texture-prompt "brushed gunmetal, orange hazard decals, worn edges" \112 --wait --download --out-dir assets/models/retextured113114python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py postprocess \115 --type animate_prerigcheck --original-task-id TASK_ID --wait116117python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py postprocess \118 --type animate_rig --original-task-id TASK_ID --rig-type biped --spec tripo --wait119120# animate_retarget takes the RIG task ID, not the generation task ID.121# Batch up to 5 presets per task via --animations.122# NEVER pass --animate-in-place: it corrupts the bake (mirrored limbs / exploded123# skinning). Strip root motion in the engine instead.124python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py postprocess \125 --type animate_retarget --original-task-id RIG_TASK_ID --model-version v2.5-20260210 \126 --animations preset:idle,preset:walk,preset:run \127 --wait --download --out-dir assets/models/animated128129python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py postprocess \130 --type conversion --original-task-id TASK_ID --format GLTF \131 --face-limit 20000 --wait --download --out-dir assets/models/gltf132133python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py postprocess \134 --type stylize_model --original-task-id TASK_ID --style voxel \135 --wait --download --out-dir assets/models/voxel136```137138Animated character pipeline (generation -> prerigcheck -> validated rig with retries -> retargets -> downloads). The pipeline routes itself by body plan: biped characters automatically use the v1.0-20240301 anatomical rig with one FBX per animation (plain preset names are mapped onto the preset:biped:* library); creatures use the v2.5-20260210 rig with GLB clips:139140```bash141python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py character-pipeline \142 --prompt "stylized cyber runner character, T-pose, full body, game-ready outfit, readable silhouette" \143 --animations preset:idle,preset:walk,preset:run,preset:jump \144 --out-dir assets/models/cyber-runner145146# Creature example: stance language matters — generate in the pose the preset expects.147python3 ~/.claude/skills/threejs-3d-generator/scripts/threejs_3d_asset.py character-pipeline \148 --prompt "stylized wolf, quadrupedal stance, all four legs planted and separated, full body" \149 --rig-type quadruped --animations preset:quadruped:walk \150 --out-dir assets/models/wolf151```152153## Three.js Image Generator Pairing154155Use `threejs-image-generator` before 3D generation when the asset benefits from a strong 2D reference:156157- Character concept, full-body T-pose/A-pose, front/side/back variants.158- Building, prop, vehicle, weapon, pickup, enemy, obstacle, or terrain tile reference.159- Style sheet for a whole asset family.160- Texture references: terrain, rock, metal, fabric, decals, skyboxes, backgrounds, UI materials.161- Logos, faction marks, pickup icons, hazard signs, cockpit decals, HUD symbols, and GUI panels.162163Load `references/image-generator-workflows.md` for prompt patterns before generating or editing 2D inputs.164165## Three.js Integration166167Load `references/threejs-integration.md` before importing Tripo outputs into a browser game. In short:168169- Prefer GLB/PBR outputs for Three.js.170- Use `GLTFLoader` for loading.171- Use `AnimationMixer` for rigged/animated GLBs.172- Keep generated model files out of client-side API flows; generation is a tooling step.173- Inspect triangle count, texture count, material count, file size, scale, pivot, bounds, and animation clips.174- Use generated 3D assets as hero/high-fidelity content, then build surrounding prop kits procedurally or with additional `threejs-3d-generator` / `threejs-image-generator` passes.175176## Rigging and Animation Reliability177178Load `references/api-notes.md` for the full parameter tables. The rules that prevent most failures:179180- Generate characters as one fused mesh: keep `--quad` and `--generate-parts` off (`generate_parts` disables texturing; `quad` forces FBX output).181- Require full-body T-pose or A-pose, arms away from body, symmetric, no props fused to the silhouette. Verify the rendered preview is actually in T/A-pose before rigging; regenerate if not.182- Run `animate_prerigcheck` first (it takes no model version) and use the detected `rig_type` for `animate_rig` and preset selection. `riggable=false` means regenerate with a clearer pose, not force-rig.183- `riggable=true` does not guarantee a usable rig. After rigging, validate the skeleton before retargeting: `threejs_3d_asset.py validate-rig rig-model.glb --rig-type biped` (the `character-pipeline` does this automatically). Check both presence AND chain depth: a rig with a 1-bone leg or 2-bone arm warps every clip.184- Auto-rigging is nondeterministic. On validation failure, retry the rig task (~25 credits) before regenerating the model — `character-pipeline --rig-retries N` (default 2) automates this, and `--model-task-id TASK_ID` resumes from an existing generation. Armored/hard-surface characters need the most retries; organic meshes usually rig first try.185- Creatures get exactly one preset (walk/march). For multi-mode creatures (crawl + fly dragons), rig the same model twice — ground rig type for the locomotion preset, `avian` for wing chains — and drive wings procedurally in Three.js or via external clips on a `mixamo`-spec rig.186- Retargeted clips are named `NlaTrack`, `NlaTrack.001`, … in request order — map by index and rename after import.187- Rig version is the main quality lever, and it differs by body plan (measured June 2026). The `character-pipeline` routes this automatically; only override `--rig-model-version` deliberately:188 - HUMANOIDS: `v1.0-20240301` (anatomical Mixamo-like skeleton with twist bones + the large `preset:biped:*` clip library: idle, walk, run, slash, jump, dances, ...). The v2.x limb-chain rigger went 0/16 on humanoid meshes — armored or not, T-pose or A-pose — always producing asymmetric chains.189 - CREATURES: `v2.5-20260210` (v2.x handles quadruped/avian well: symmetric 5-6 bone chains).190- For v1.0 rigs, retarget with `--model-version default` (omit the version): the retarget enum rejects explicit `v1.0-20240301` (HTTP 400 code 2017) but the server default handles v1.0 rigs.191- v1.0 retargets must use `--out-format fbx` (the script enforces this): Tripo's GLB bake on this path exports twist-bone transforms in the wrong space and limbs collapse into the torso — the FBX of the same task is correct. Load with three.js `FBXLoader` or convert offline. v2.5 creature retargets are fine as GLB.192- Use `--spec tripo` (default) when Tripo presets will be retargeted; `--spec mixamo` rigs cannot be used with Tripo retarget and are only for external animation pipelines.193- `animate_retarget` takes the RIG task ID. Batch up to 5 presets per task with `--animations`.194- Only 16 presets exist for v2.5 rigs (no `preset:attack`; use `preset:slash`/`preset:shoot`). Non-biped rig types have a single locomotion preset each; plan extra creature motion procedurally or via external retargeting.195- A creature's MESH STANCE drives how presets read: a quadruped walk on an upright-standing dragon looks like a human walking. Generate creatures in the stance the animation expects (horizontal body, all fours planted) — the pipeline only auto-appends T-pose language for biped rigs.196- After download, run `threejs_3d_asset.py validate-animation clip.glb` (keyframe QA: flags scale tracks, limb-stretching translation tracks, extreme rotations, and reports per-clip duration/channel coverage), then verify motion visually in the engine.197- Never use `--animate-in-place` (verified to corrupt clips: mirrored/crossed limbs on v1.0 rigs, exploded skinning on v2.5). Keep root motion baked and convert to in-place at import: zero only the HORIZONTAL components of the root bone's position track, keep vertical (jumps and gait bob live there). Gameplay code then drives locomotion. Exact snippet in `threejs-integration.md`.198- After download, inspect `gltf.animations` clip names and counts before wiring the `AnimationMixer`.199200## Quality Rules201202- Improve the user's prompt with material, silhouette, camera/readability, scale, and game-use constraints.203- For riggable characters, include full-body T-pose or A-pose in the prompt or create a T-pose reference image first.204- For Three.js games, request GLB/PBR, reasonable face limits, and texture quality matched to the performance budget.205- For mobile/browser games, favor `smart_low_poly`, `face_limit`, later conversion, or low-poly postprocess when the asset is too expensive.206- Always download output URLs immediately after success.207- Report the credential probe output, reference ledger, task IDs, output paths, model version, texture/geometry settings, animations, conversion settings, Three.js import notes, and any missing/failed steps.