DSE Loop: Autonomous Design Space Exploration
Autonomously explore a design space: run → analyze → pick next parameters → repeat, until the objective is met or timeout is reached. Designed for computer architecture and EDA problems.
Context: $ARGUMENTS
Safety Rules — READ FIRST
NEVER do any of the following:
sudo anything
rm -rf, rm -r, or any recursive deletion
rm any file you did not create in this session
- Overwrite existing source files without reading them first
git push, git reset --hard, or any destructive git operation
- Kill processes you did not start
If a step requires any of the above, STOP and report to the user.
Constants (override via $ARGUMENTS)
| Constant |
Default |
Description |
TIMEOUT |
2h |
Total wall-clock budget. Stop exploring after this. |
MAX_ITERATIONS |
50 |
Hard cap on number of design points evaluated. |
PATIENCE |
10 |
Stop early if no improvement for this many consecutive iterations. |
OBJECTIVE |
minimize |
minimize or maximize the target metric. |
Override inline: /aris-dse-loop "task desc — timeout: 4h, max_iterations: 100, patience: 15"
Typical Use Cases
| Problem |
Program |
Parameters |
Objective |
| Microarch DSE |
gem5 simulation |
cache size, assoc, pipeline width, ROB size, branch predictor |
maximize IPC or minimize area×delay |
| Synthesis tuning |
yosys/DC script |
optimization passes, target freq, effort level |
minimize area at timing closure |
| RTL parameterization |
verilator sim |
data width, FIFO depth, pipeline stages, buffer sizes |
meet throughput target at min area |
| Compiler flags |
gcc/llvm build + benchmark |
-O levels, unroll factor, vectorization, scheduling |
minimize runtime or code size |
| Placement/routing |
openroad/innovus |
utilization, aspect ratio, layer config |
minimize wirelength / timing |
| Formal verification |
abc/sby |
bound depth, engine, timeout per property |
maximize coverage in time budget |
| Memory subsystem |
cacti / ramulator |
bank count, row buffer policy, scheduling |
optimize bandwidth/energy |
Workflow
Phase 0: Parse Task & Setup
Parse $ARGUMENTS to extract:
- Program: what to run (command, script, or Makefile target)
- Parameter space: which knobs to tune and their ranges/options (may be incomplete — see step 2)
- Objective metric: what to optimize (and how to extract it from output)
- Constraints: hard limits that must not be violated (e.g., timing must close)
- Timeout: wall-clock budget
- Success criteria: when is the result "good enough" to stop early?
Infer missing parameter ranges — If the user provides parameter names but NOT ranges/options, you MUST infer them before exploring:
a. Read the source code — search for the parameter names in the codebase:
- Look for argparse/click definitions, config files, Makefile variables, module parameters,
#define, parameter (SystemVerilog), localparam, etc.
- Extract defaults, types, and any comments hinting at valid values
b. Apply domain knowledge to set reasonable ranges:
| Parameter type |
Inference strategy |
| Cache/memory sizes |
Powers of 2, typically 1KB–16MB |
| Associativity |
Powers of 2: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 |
| Pipeline width / issue width |
Small integers: 1, 2, 4, 8 |
| Buffer/queue/FIFO depth |
Powers of 2: 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 |
| Clock period / frequency |
Based on technology node; try ±50% from default |
| Bound depth (BMC/formal) |
Geometric: 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 |
| Timeout values |
Geometric: 10s, 30s, 60s, 120s, 300s |
| Boolean/enum flags |
Enumerate all options found in source |
| Continuous (learning rate, threshold) |
Log-scale sweep: 5 points spanning 2 orders of magnitude around default |
| Integer counts (threads, cores) |
Linear: from 1 to hardware max |
c. Start conservative — begin with 3-5 values per parameter. Expand range later if the best result is at a boundary.
d. Log inferred ranges — write the inferred parameter space to dse_results/inferred_params.md so the user can review:
# Inferred Parameter Space
| Parameter | Source | Default | Inferred Range | Reasoning |
|-----------|--------|---------|---------------|-----------|
| CACHE_SIZE | config.py:42 | 32768 | [8192, 16384, 32768, 65536, 131072] | powers of 2, ±2x from default |
| ASSOC | config.py:43 | 4 | [1, 2, 4, 8] | standard associativities |
| BMC_DEPTH | run_bmc.py:15 | 10 | [5, 10, 20, 50] | geometric, common BMC depths |
e. Boundary expansion — during the search, if the best result is at the min or max of a range, automatically extend that range by one step in that direction (but log the extension).
Read the project to understand:
- How to run the program
- Where results are produced (stdout, log files, reports)
- How to parse the objective metric from output
- Current/baseline configuration (if any)
Create working directory: dse_results/ in project root
dse_results/dse_log.csv — one row per design point
dse_results/DSE_REPORT.md — final report
dse_results/DSE_STATE.json — state for recovery
dse_results/inferred_params.md — inferred parameter space (if ranges were not provided)
dse_results/configs/ — config files for each run
dse_results/outputs/ — raw output for each run
Write a parameter extraction script (dse_results/parse_result.py or similar) that takes a run's output and returns the objective metric as a number. Test it on a baseline run first.
Run baseline (iteration 0): run the program with default/current parameters. Record the baseline metric. This is the point to beat.
Phase 1: Initial Exploration
Goal: Quickly survey the space to understand which parameters matter most.
Strategy: Latin Hypercube Sampling or structured sweep of key parameters.
- Pick 5-10 diverse design points that span the parameter ranges
- Run them (in parallel if independent, via background processes or sequential)
- Record all results in
dse_log.csv:iteration,param1,param2,...,metric,constraint_met,timestamp,notes
0,default,default,...,baseline_val,yes,2026-03-13T10:00:00,baseline
1,val1a,val2a,...,result1,yes,2026-03-13T10:05:00,initial sweep
...
- Analyze: which parameters have the most impact on the objective?
- Narrow the search to the most sensitive parameters
Phase 2: Directed Search
Goal: Converge toward the optimum by making informed choices.
Strategy: Adaptive — pick the approach that fits the problem:
- Few parameters (≤3): Fine-grained grid search around the best region from Phase 1
- Many parameters (>3): Coordinate descent — optimize one parameter at a time, holding others at current best
- Binary/categorical params: Enumerate promising combinations
- Continuous params: Binary search or golden section between best neighbors
- Multi-objective: Track Pareto frontier, explore along the front
For each iteration:
Select next design point based on results so far:
- Look at the trend: which direction improves the metric?
- Avoid re-running configurations already evaluated
- Balance exploration (untested regions) vs exploitation (near current best)
Modify parameters: edit config file, command-line args, or source constants
Run the program: execute and capture output
Parse results: extract the objective metric and check constraints
Log to dse_log.csv: append the new row
Check stopping conditions:
- Timeout reached? → stop
- Max iterations reached? → stop
- Patience exhausted (no improvement in N iterations)? → stop
- Success criteria met (metric is "good enough")? → stop
- Constraint violation pattern detected? → adjust search bounds
Update DSE_STATE.json:
{
"iteration": 15,
"status": "in_progress",
"best_metric": 1.23,
"best_params": {"cache_size": 32768, "assoc": 4, "pipeline_width": 2},
"total_iterations": 15,
"start_time": "2026-03-13T10:00:00",
"timeout": "2h",
"patience_counter": 3
}
Decide next step → back to step 1
Phase 3: Refinement (if time allows)
If the search converged and there's still time budget:
- Local perturbation: try ±1 step on each parameter from the best point
- Sensitivity analysis: which parameters can be relaxed without hurting the metric?
- Constraint boundary: if a constraint is nearly binding, explore near-feasible points
Phase 4: Report
Write dse_results/DSE_REPORT.md:
# Design Space Exploration Report
**Task**: [description]
**Date**: [start] → [end]
**Total iterations**: N
**Wall-clock time**: X hours Y minutes
## Objective
- **Metric**: [what was optimized]
- **Direction**: minimize / maximize
- **Baseline**: [value]
- **Best found**: [value] ([improvement]% better than baseline)
## Best Configuration
| Parameter | Baseline | Best |
|-----------|----------|------|
| param1 | default | best_val |
| param2 | default | best_val |
| ... | ... | ... |
## Search Trajectory
| Iteration | param1 | param2 | ... | Metric | Notes |
|-----------|--------|--------|-----|--------|-------|
| 0 (baseline) | ... | ... | ... | ... | baseline |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | initial sweep |
| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| N (best) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ★ best |
## Parameter Sensitivity
- **param1**: [high/medium/low impact] — [brief explanation]
- **param2**: [high/medium/low impact] — [brief explanation]
## Pareto Frontier (if multi-objective)
[Table or description of non-dominated points]
## Stopping Reason
[timeout / max_iterations / patience / success_criteria_met]
## Recommendations
- [actionable insights from the exploration]
- [which parameters matter most]
- [suggested follow-up explorations]
Also generate a summary plot if matplotlib is available:
- Convergence curve (metric vs iteration)
- Parameter sensitivity bar chart
- Pareto frontier scatter (if multi-objective)
State Recovery
If the context window compacts mid-run, the loop recovers from DSE_STATE.json + dse_log.csv:
- Read
DSE_STATE.json for current iteration, best params, patience counter
- Read
dse_log.csv for full history
- Resume from next iteration
Key Rules
- Work AUTONOMOUSLY — do not ask the user for permission at each iteration
- Every run must be logged — even failed runs, constraint violations, errors. The log is the ground truth.
- Never re-run an identical configuration — check
dse_log.csv before each run
- Respect the timeout — check elapsed time before starting a new iteration. If the next run is likely to exceed the timeout, stop and report.
- Parse metrics programmatically — write a parsing script, don't eyeball logs
- Keep raw outputs — save each run's full output in
dse_results/outputs/iter_N/
- Constraint violations are not improvements — a design point that violates constraints is never "best", regardless of the metric
- If a run crashes, log the error, skip that point, and continue with the next
- If the same crash repeats 3 times with different configs, stop and report the issue
Example Invocations
# Minimal — just name the parameters, let the agent figure out ranges
/aris-dse-loop "Run gem5 mcf benchmark. Tune: L1D_SIZE, L2_SIZE, ROB_ENTRIES. Objective: maximize IPC. Timeout: 3h"
# Partial — some ranges given, some not
/aris-dse-loop "Run make synth. Tune: CLOCK_PERIOD [5ns, 4ns, 3ns, 2ns], FLATTEN, ABC_SCRIPT. Objective: minimize area at timing closure. Timeout: 1h"
# Fully specified — explicit ranges for everything
/aris-dse-loop "Simulate processor with FIFO_DEPTH [4,8,16,32], ISSUE_WIDTH [1,2,4], PREFETCH [on,off]. Run: make sim. Objective: max throughput/area. Timeout: 2h"
# Real-world: PDAG-SFA formal verification tuning
/aris-dse-loop "Run python run_bmc.py. Tune: BMC_DEPTH, ENGINE, TIMEOUT_PER_PROP. Objective: maximize properties proved. Timeout: 2h"
1---2name: aris-dse-loop3description: Autonomous design space exploration loop for computer architecture and EDA. Runs a program, analyzes results, tunes parameters, and iterates until objective is met or timeout. Use when user says "DSE", "design space exploration", "sweep parameters", "optimize", "find best config", or wants iterative parameter tuning.4license: MIT5---6
7# DSE Loop: Autonomous Design Space Exploration
8
9Autonomously explore a design space: run → analyze → pick next parameters → repeat, until the objective is met or timeout is reached. Designed for computer architecture and EDA problems.
10
11## Context: $ARGUMENTS
12
13## Safety Rules — READ FIRST
14
15**NEVER do any of the following:**
16- `sudo` anything
17- `rm -rf`, `rm -r`, or any recursive deletion
18- `rm` any file you did not create in this session
19- Overwrite existing source files without reading them first
20- `git push`, `git reset --hard`, or any destructive git operation
21- Kill processes you did not start
22
23**If a step requires any of the above, STOP and report to the user.**
24
25## Constants (override via $ARGUMENTS)
26
27| Constant | Default | Description |
28|----------|---------|-------------|
29| `TIMEOUT` | 2h | Total wall-clock budget. Stop exploring after this. |
30| `MAX_ITERATIONS` | 50 | Hard cap on number of design points evaluated. |
31| `PATIENCE` | 10 | Stop early if no improvement for this many consecutive iterations. |
32| `OBJECTIVE` | minimize | `minimize` or `maximize` the target metric. |
33
34Override inline: `/aris-dse-loop "task desc — timeout: 4h, max_iterations: 100, patience: 15"`
35
36## Typical Use Cases
37
38| Problem | Program | Parameters | Objective |
39|---------|---------|-----------|-----------|
40| Microarch DSE | gem5 simulation | cache size, assoc, pipeline width, ROB size, branch predictor | maximize IPC or minimize area×delay |
41| Synthesis tuning | yosys/DC script | optimization passes, target freq, effort level | minimize area at timing closure |
42| RTL parameterization | verilator sim | data width, FIFO depth, pipeline stages, buffer sizes | meet throughput target at min area |
43| Compiler flags | gcc/llvm build + benchmark | -O levels, unroll factor, vectorization, scheduling | minimize runtime or code size |
44| Placement/routing | openroad/innovus | utilization, aspect ratio, layer config | minimize wirelength / timing |
45| Formal verification | abc/sby | bound depth, engine, timeout per property | maximize coverage in time budget |
46| Memory subsystem | cacti / ramulator | bank count, row buffer policy, scheduling | optimize bandwidth/energy |
47
48## Workflow
49
50### Phase 0: Parse Task & Setup
51
521. **Parse $ARGUMENTS** to extract:
53 - **Program**: what to run (command, script, or Makefile target)
54 - **Parameter space**: which knobs to tune and their ranges/options (may be incomplete — see step 2)
55 - **Objective metric**: what to optimize (and how to extract it from output)
56 - **Constraints**: hard limits that must not be violated (e.g., timing must close)
57 - **Timeout**: wall-clock budget
58 - **Success criteria**: when is the result "good enough" to stop early?
59
602. **Infer missing parameter ranges** — If the user provides parameter names but NOT ranges/options, you MUST infer them before exploring:
61
62 a. **Read the source code** — search for the parameter names in the codebase:
63 - Look for argparse/click definitions, config files, Makefile variables, module parameters, `#define`, `parameter` (SystemVerilog), `localparam`, etc.
64 - Extract defaults, types, and any comments hinting at valid values
65
66 b. **Apply domain knowledge** to set reasonable ranges:
67 | Parameter type | Inference strategy |
68 |---------------|-------------------|
69 | Cache/memory sizes | Powers of 2, typically 1KB–16MB |
70 | Associativity | Powers of 2: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 |
71 | Pipeline width / issue width | Small integers: 1, 2, 4, 8 |
72 | Buffer/queue/FIFO depth | Powers of 2: 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 |
73 | Clock period / frequency | Based on technology node; try ±50% from default |
74 | Bound depth (BMC/formal) | Geometric: 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 |
75 | Timeout values | Geometric: 10s, 30s, 60s, 120s, 300s |
76 | Boolean/enum flags | Enumerate all options found in source |
77 | Continuous (learning rate, threshold) | Log-scale sweep: 5 points spanning 2 orders of magnitude around default |
78 | Integer counts (threads, cores) | Linear: from 1 to hardware max |
79
80 c. **Start conservative** — begin with 3-5 values per parameter. Expand range later if the best result is at a boundary.
81
82 d. **Log inferred ranges** — write the inferred parameter space to `dse_results/inferred_params.md` so the user can review:
83 ```markdown
84 # Inferred Parameter Space
85
86 | Parameter | Source | Default | Inferred Range | Reasoning |
87 |-----------|--------|---------|---------------|-----------|
88 | CACHE_SIZE | config.py:42 | 32768 | [8192, 16384, 32768, 65536, 131072] | powers of 2, ±2x from default |
89 | ASSOC | config.py:43 | 4 | [1, 2, 4, 8] | standard associativities |
90 | BMC_DEPTH | run_bmc.py:15 | 10 | [5, 10, 20, 50] | geometric, common BMC depths |
91 ```
92
93 e. **Boundary expansion** — during the search, if the best result is at the min or max of a range, automatically extend that range by one step in that direction (but log the extension).
94
953. **Read the project** to understand:
96 - How to run the program
97 - Where results are produced (stdout, log files, reports)
98 - How to parse the objective metric from output
99 - Current/baseline configuration (if any)
100
1014. **Create working directory**: `dse_results/` in project root
102 - `dse_results/dse_log.csv` — one row per design point
103 - `dse_results/DSE_REPORT.md` — final report
104 - `dse_results/DSE_STATE.json` — state for recovery
105 - `dse_results/inferred_params.md` — inferred parameter space (if ranges were not provided)
106 - `dse_results/configs/` — config files for each run
107 - `dse_results/outputs/` — raw output for each run
108
1095. **Write a parameter extraction script** (`dse_results/parse_result.py` or similar) that takes a run's output and returns the objective metric as a number. Test it on a baseline run first.
110
1116. **Run baseline** (iteration 0): run the program with default/current parameters. Record the baseline metric. This is the point to beat.
112
113### Phase 1: Initial Exploration
114
115**Goal**: Quickly survey the space to understand which parameters matter most.
116
117**Strategy**: Latin Hypercube Sampling or structured sweep of key parameters.
118
1191. Pick 5-10 diverse design points that span the parameter ranges
1202. Run them (in parallel if independent, via background processes or sequential)
1213. Record all results in `dse_log.csv`:
122 ```
123 iteration,param1,param2,...,metric,constraint_met,timestamp,notes
124 0,default,default,...,baseline_val,yes,2026-03-13T10:00:00,baseline
125 1,val1a,val2a,...,result1,yes,2026-03-13T10:05:00,initial sweep
126 ...
127 ```
1284. Analyze: which parameters have the most impact on the objective?
1295. Narrow the search to the most sensitive parameters
130
131### Phase 2: Directed Search
132
133**Goal**: Converge toward the optimum by making informed choices.
134
135**Strategy**: Adaptive — pick the approach that fits the problem:
136
137- **Few parameters (≤3)**: Fine-grained grid search around the best region from Phase 1
138- **Many parameters (>3)**: Coordinate descent — optimize one parameter at a time, holding others at current best
139- **Binary/categorical params**: Enumerate promising combinations
140- **Continuous params**: Binary search or golden section between best neighbors
141- **Multi-objective**: Track Pareto frontier, explore along the front
142
143For each iteration:
144
1451. **Select next design point** based on results so far:
146 - Look at the trend: which direction improves the metric?
147 - Avoid re-running configurations already evaluated
148 - Balance exploration (untested regions) vs exploitation (near current best)
149
1502. **Modify parameters**: edit config file, command-line args, or source constants
151
1523. **Run the program**: execute and capture output
153
1544. **Parse results**: extract the objective metric and check constraints
155
1565. **Log to `dse_log.csv`**: append the new row
157
1586. **Check stopping conditions**:
159 - Timeout reached? → stop
160 - Max iterations reached? → stop
161 - Patience exhausted (no improvement in N iterations)? → stop
162 - Success criteria met (metric is "good enough")? → stop
163 - Constraint violation pattern detected? → adjust search bounds
164
1657. **Update `DSE_STATE.json`**:
166 ```json
167 {
168 "iteration": 15,
169 "status": "in_progress",
170 "best_metric": 1.23,
171 "best_params": {"cache_size": 32768, "assoc": 4, "pipeline_width": 2},
172 "total_iterations": 15,
173 "start_time": "2026-03-13T10:00:00",
174 "timeout": "2h",
175 "patience_counter": 3
176 }
177 ```
178
1798. **Decide next step** → back to step 1
180
181### Phase 3: Refinement (if time allows)
182
183If the search converged and there's still time budget:
184
1851. **Local perturbation**: try ±1 step on each parameter from the best point
1862. **Sensitivity analysis**: which parameters can be relaxed without hurting the metric?
1873. **Constraint boundary**: if a constraint is nearly binding, explore near-feasible points
188
189### Phase 4: Report
190
191Write `dse_results/DSE_REPORT.md`:
192
193```markdown
194# Design Space Exploration Report
195
196**Task**: [description]
197**Date**: [start] → [end]
198**Total iterations**: N
199**Wall-clock time**: X hours Y minutes
200
201## Objective
202- **Metric**: [what was optimized]
203- **Direction**: minimize / maximize
204- **Baseline**: [value]
205- **Best found**: [value] ([improvement]% better than baseline)
206
207## Best Configuration
208| Parameter | Baseline | Best |
209|-----------|----------|------|
210| param1 | default | best_val |
211| param2 | default | best_val |
212| ... | ... | ... |
213
214## Search Trajectory
215| Iteration | param1 | param2 | ... | Metric | Notes |
216|-----------|--------|--------|-----|--------|-------|
217| 0 (baseline) | ... | ... | ... | ... | baseline |
218| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | initial sweep |
219| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
220| N (best) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ★ best |
221
222## Parameter Sensitivity
223- **param1**: [high/medium/low impact] — [brief explanation]
224- **param2**: [high/medium/low impact] — [brief explanation]
225
226## Pareto Frontier (if multi-objective)
227[Table or description of non-dominated points]
228
229## Stopping Reason
230[timeout / max_iterations / patience / success_criteria_met]
231
232## Recommendations
233- [actionable insights from the exploration]
234- [which parameters matter most]
235- [suggested follow-up explorations]
236```
237
238Also generate a summary plot if matplotlib is available:
239- Convergence curve (metric vs iteration)
240- Parameter sensitivity bar chart
241- Pareto frontier scatter (if multi-objective)
242
243## State Recovery
244
245If the context window compacts mid-run, the loop recovers from `DSE_STATE.json` + `dse_log.csv`:
246
2471. Read `DSE_STATE.json` for current iteration, best params, patience counter
2482. Read `dse_log.csv` for full history
2493. Resume from next iteration
250
251## Key Rules
252
253- Work AUTONOMOUSLY — do not ask the user for permission at each iteration
254- **Every run must be logged** — even failed runs, constraint violations, errors. The log is the ground truth.
255- **Never re-run an identical configuration** — check `dse_log.csv` before each run
256- **Respect the timeout** — check elapsed time before starting a new iteration. If the next run is likely to exceed the timeout, stop and report.
257- **Parse metrics programmatically** — write a parsing script, don't eyeball logs
258- **Keep raw outputs** — save each run's full output in `dse_results/outputs/iter_N/`
259- **Constraint violations are not improvements** — a design point that violates constraints is never "best", regardless of the metric
260- If a run crashes, log the error, skip that point, and continue with the next
261- If the same crash repeats 3 times with different configs, stop and report the issue
262
263## Example Invocations
264
265```
266# Minimal — just name the parameters, let the agent figure out ranges
267/aris-dse-loop "Run gem5 mcf benchmark. Tune: L1D_SIZE, L2_SIZE, ROB_ENTRIES. Objective: maximize IPC. Timeout: 3h"
268
269# Partial — some ranges given, some not
270/aris-dse-loop "Run make synth. Tune: CLOCK_PERIOD [5ns, 4ns, 3ns, 2ns], FLATTEN, ABC_SCRIPT. Objective: minimize area at timing closure. Timeout: 1h"
271
272# Fully specified — explicit ranges for everything
273/aris-dse-loop "Simulate processor with FIFO_DEPTH [4,8,16,32], ISSUE_WIDTH [1,2,4], PREFETCH [on,off]. Run: make sim. Objective: max throughput/area. Timeout: 2h"
274
275# Real-world: PDAG-SFA formal verification tuning
276/aris-dse-loop "Run python run_bmc.py. Tune: BMC_DEPTH, ENGINE, TIMEOUT_PER_PROP. Objective: maximize properties proved. Timeout: 2h"
277```