Single Cell Foundation Model Stofm

SToFM

Use This Skill When

Use this skill for the local SToFM repository at /DATA/disk0/zhaosy/home/SToFM. It is the right choice when the task involves:

• preprocessing spatial transcriptomics data into the format expected by SToFM
• converting mouse genes to the human Geneformer vocabulary when needed
• generating cell embeddings with the official get_embeddings.py pipeline
• working with spatial coordinates, sub-slice splitting, or hypernode construction
• using SToFM embeddings for downstream region segmentation or cell type annotation
• understanding the repo's two-stage architecture: cell encoder plus SE(2) Transformer

Do not use this skill for ordinary scRNA-seq analysis without spatial coordinates.

Start Here

1. Confirm the data has usable spatial coordinates.
2. Check whether the input has already been preprocessed into both data.h5ad and hf.dataset.
3. Check that the required checkpoints exist for both the cell encoder and the SE(2) Transformer.
4. Prefer the official embedding pipeline before building downstream heads.

Choose A Path

Preprocessing

Use preprocessing/preprocess.py first unless the dataset is already in the expected SToFM format.

The repo's preprocessing flow:

• starts from AnnData
• expects Geneformer-style transcriptome tokenization
• adds obs["n_counts"]
• uses var["ensembl_id"]
• maps mouse gene ids to human ids when needed
• saves both:
  • hf.dataset for the cell encoder
  • data.h5ad for later spatial loading

Embedding generation

The main official workflow is get_embeddings.py.

This path:

• loads the pretrained cell encoder
• loads the SToFM SE(2) Transformer
• encodes cells from hf.dataset if ce_emb.npy is missing
• loads spatial coordinates from data.h5ad
• splits large slices into sub-slices
• builds hypernodes and attention biases
• runs the SE(2) Transformer
• saves final embeddings such as stofm_emb.npy

Downstream tasks

The repo's recommended downstream pattern is simple:

1. generate SToFM embeddings first
2. train a task-specific head on top of those embeddings

The README specifically highlights:

• tissue region semantic segmentation
• cell type annotation

Guardrails

• Do not skip spatial information; SToFM is not just a transcriptome encoder.
• Do not treat hf.dataset alone as sufficient input for the full model; the SE(2) stage also needs spatial structure.
• Do not assume mouse genes can be used directly; the repo explicitly maps them into the human vocabulary.
• Do not run downstream heads on raw expression if the intended workflow is SToFM; generate official embeddings first.
• Do not assume the repo ships checkpoints; they are external downloads.

Read More Only If Needed

• Read references/local-usage.md for paths, required files, and practical checks.
• Read references/model-notes.md for the paper-level positioning and the multi-scale workflow.