Content Research Writer
Overview
Produce well-researched, authoritative long-form content with proper source attribution, structured argumentation, and evidence-based claims. This skill covers research methodology, source evaluation, citation management, outline construction, drafting workflows, fact-checking protocols, and publishing-ready formatting for articles, whitepapers, reports, and educational content.
Apply this skill whenever content must be backed by evidence, cited properly, and structured for credibility with expert audiences.
Multi-Phase Process
Phase 1: Research Planning
- Define the topic scope and target audience
- Identify key questions the content must answer
- Determine content type (article, whitepaper, case study, guide)
- Set word count target and depth level
- Establish credibility requirements (peer-reviewed, industry reports, primary data)
- Create a research timeline with milestones
STOP — Do NOT begin source discovery until the research plan is documented and scope is agreed upon.
Phase 2: Source Discovery and Evaluation
- Search academic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, JSTOR, arXiv)
- Identify industry reports and authoritative publications
- Find primary sources (official documentation, datasets, specifications)
- Evaluate source credibility using the CRAAP test (see table below)
- Organize sources in a reference manager or structured format
- Extract key findings, statistics, and quotable passages
STOP — Do NOT begin outlining until you have sufficient Tier 1-2 sources for every core claim.
Phase 3: Outline and Structure
- Create a thesis statement or central argument
- Build hierarchical outline with main sections and subsections
- Map evidence to each section (which sources support which claims)
- Identify gaps requiring additional research
- Define transitions between sections for narrative flow
- Plan visual elements (tables, charts, diagrams, callouts)
STOP — Do NOT begin drafting until the outline is reviewed and evidence gaps are filled.
Phase 4: Drafting
- Write section by section following the outline
- Integrate citations as you write (never retrofit)
- Balance original analysis with supporting evidence
- Use topic sentences and clear paragraph structure
- Include concrete examples, data points, and case studies
- Write introduction last (after body is complete)
STOP — Do NOT move to review until all sections are drafted and all citations are in place.
Phase 5: Review and Fact-Check
- Verify every factual claim against its source
- Check all statistics for accuracy and context
- Ensure citations are complete and correctly formatted
- Review for logical consistency and argument strength
- Proofread for clarity, grammar, and style
- Have subject matter expert review if possible
Content Type Decision Table
| Content Type |
Word Count |
Research Depth |
Audience |
Citation Style |
| Blog article |
1,500-3,000 |
Tier 2-3 sources |
General |
Inline links |
| Long-form article |
3,000-5,000 |
Tier 1-3 sources |
Informed readers |
Parenthetical (APA) |
| Whitepaper |
3,000-8,000 |
Tier 1-2 mandatory |
Decision-makers |
Footnotes or numbered |
| Case study |
1,000-2,500 |
Primary + Tier 2 |
Buyers |
Inline attribution |
| Technical report |
5,000-15,000 |
Tier 1 mandatory |
Experts |
IEEE or APA |
| Educational guide |
2,000-6,000 |
Tier 1-3 mixed |
Learners |
Parenthetical |
Source Evaluation Framework (CRAAP Test)
| Criterion |
Questions to Ask |
Red Flags |
| Currency |
When was it published? Updated? |
> 5 years old for fast-moving topics |
| Relevance |
Does it directly address your topic? |
Tangential connection, different context |
| Authority |
Who is the author? What are their credentials? |
No author, no institutional affiliation |
| Accuracy |
Is it supported by evidence? Peer-reviewed? |
No citations, unverifiable claims |
| Purpose |
Why does this exist? Inform, sell, persuade? |
Strong commercial bias, advocacy without disclosure |
Source Tier System
| Tier |
Source Type |
Credibility |
Use For |
| Tier 1 |
Peer-reviewed journals, official standards |
Highest |
Core claims, statistics |
| Tier 2 |
Industry reports (Gartner, McKinsey), textbooks |
High |
Market data, frameworks |
| Tier 3 |
Reputable news outlets, official documentation |
Good |
Context, current events |
| Tier 4 |
Expert blogs, conference talks, interviews |
Moderate |
Perspectives, opinions |
| Tier 5 |
Social media, forums, Wikipedia |
Low |
Discovery only, never cite directly |
Citation Formats
Inline Citation Styles
# Parenthetical (APA-style)
Research shows that 73% of enterprises have adopted cloud-native architectures
(Smith & Johnson, 2025).
# Narrative
According to Smith and Johnson (2025), 73% of enterprises have adopted
cloud-native architectures.
# Footnote-style (Chicago)
Research shows significant cloud adoption.[^1]
[^1]: Smith, J., & Johnson, R. (2025). Cloud adoption trends.
*Journal of Cloud Computing*, 12(3), 45-62.
# Numbered (IEEE-style)
Research shows significant cloud adoption [1].
## References
[1] J. Smith and R. Johnson, "Cloud adoption trends," *J. Cloud Computing*,
vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 45-62, 2025.
Reference Format Templates
# Journal Article
Author, A. B., & Author, C. D. (Year). Title of article. *Journal Name*,
Volume(Issue), Pages. https://doi.org/xxxxx
# Book
Author, A. B. (Year). *Title of book* (Edition). Publisher.
# Website
Author or Organization. (Year, Month Day). Title of page. Site Name.
https://www.example.com/page
# Report
Organization. (Year). *Title of report* (Report No. XXX).
https://www.example.com/report.pdf
Content Structure Templates
Long-Form Article (2000-5000 words)
1. Hook / Opening Anecdote (100-200 words)
2. Context and Problem Statement (200-300 words)
3. Thesis / Key Insight (50-100 words)
4. Section 1: Background (400-600 words)
- Historical context
- Current state
- Key definitions
5. Section 2: Core Analysis (600-1000 words)
- Main argument with evidence
- Data and statistics
- Expert perspectives
6. Section 3: Implications (400-600 words)
- Practical applications
- Case studies
- Future outlook
7. Section 4: Counterarguments (200-400 words)
- Acknowledge limitations
- Address objections
8. Conclusion (200-300 words)
- Synthesize key findings
- Call to action or forward-looking statement
9. References
Whitepaper (3000-8000 words)
1. Executive Summary (300-500 words)
2. Introduction and Problem Statement (500-800 words)
3. Methodology (300-500 words)
4. Findings / Analysis (1500-3000 words)
- Section with data visualization
- Comparative analysis
- Case studies
5. Recommendations (500-1000 words)
6. Conclusion (300-500 words)
7. Appendices
8. References
Case Study (1000-2500 words)
1. Executive Summary (100-200 words)
2. Challenge / Problem (200-400 words)
3. Approach / Solution (300-600 words)
4. Implementation (300-500 words)
5. Results and Metrics (200-400 words)
6. Lessons Learned (200-300 words)
7. About [Company/Subject]
Writing Quality Checklist
Paragraph Level
- Each paragraph has a clear topic sentence
- Paragraphs are 3-6 sentences (avoid walls of text)
- Transitions connect paragraphs logically
- Evidence follows claims immediately
Sentence Level
- Vary sentence length (mix short and long)
- Active voice preferred over passive
- Avoid jargon without definition
- Concrete language over abstract
Document Level
- Introduction establishes the "so what" clearly
- Each section advances the central argument
- No unsupported claims
- Conclusion adds value (doesn't just repeat)
- Consistent tone and reading level throughout
Fact-Checking Protocol
Verification Steps
- Primary source check: Trace every claim back to its original source
- Cross-reference: Verify key facts with at least 2 independent sources
- Statistical validation: Check that numbers are current and in context
- Quote accuracy: Verify exact wording of all direct quotes
- Date verification: Confirm all dates and timelines
- Name and title check: Verify correct spelling and current titles
Common Fact-Checking Pitfalls
| Pitfall |
Example |
Prevention |
| Outdated statistics |
"50% of..." from a 2018 study |
Always note publication year, seek recent data |
| Misattributed quotes |
Einstein didn't say most "Einstein quotes" |
Trace to primary source document |
| Survivorship bias |
"All successful companies do X" |
Look for counterexamples |
| Correlation as causation |
"Countries that eat chocolate win more Nobels" |
Distinguish correlation from causation |
| Out-of-context numbers |
"Revenue grew 500%" (from $1 to $5) |
Always provide absolute numbers and context |
Research Tools
| Tool |
Purpose |
Best For |
| Google Scholar |
Academic paper search |
Peer-reviewed research |
| Semantic Scholar |
AI-powered paper discovery |
Finding related work |
| arXiv |
Preprints |
Cutting-edge CS/ML/Physics |
| PubMed |
Medical/bio research |
Health and life sciences |
| Statista |
Statistics and market data |
Industry data points |
| Wayback Machine |
Historical web pages |
Verifying past claims |
| Zotero / Mendeley |
Reference management |
Organizing sources |
| Perplexity |
AI-assisted research |
Initial discovery |
Anti-Patterns / Common Mistakes
| Anti-Pattern |
Why It Fails |
What To Do Instead |
| Claims without citations |
Undermines credibility entirely |
Cite every factual claim inline |
| Single-source assertions |
One source can be wrong or biased |
Cross-reference with 2+ independent sources |
| Citing secondary when primary exists |
Telephone game distorts findings |
Trace to and cite the original study |
| Writing introduction first |
Leads to misalignment with body |
Write body first, introduction last |
| Padding to reach word count |
Readers detect filler immediately |
Add depth or cut the target |
| Weasel words without specifics |
"Some experts say" means nothing |
Name the expert, cite the source |
| Retrofitting citations after drafting |
Gaps in evidence go unnoticed |
Integrate citations during writing |
| Ignoring counterarguments |
One-sided work lacks credibility |
Address objections explicitly |
| Paraphrasing too closely |
Borderline plagiarism even with citation |
Summarize in your own analytical voice |
| No conflict-of-interest disclosure |
Erodes trust when discovered |
Disclose sponsorship or affiliations upfront |
Anti-Rationalization Guards
- Do NOT skip the CRAAP test because "the source looks reputable" -- evaluate it formally.
- Do NOT use Tier 4-5 sources for core claims, regardless of convenience.
- Do NOT begin drafting without a completed outline with evidence mapped to sections.
- Do NOT publish without running the fact-checking protocol on every statistic and quote.
- Do NOT retrofit citations after writing -- integrate them as you draft.
Integration Points
| Skill |
How It Connects |
seo-optimizer |
Research content needs SEO-optimized titles, meta descriptions, and structured data |
content-creator |
Research findings feed into marketing copy and social media content |
email-composer |
Research summaries inform stakeholder update emails and executive briefings |
tech-docs-generator |
Technical research follows similar source evaluation and citation practices |
llm-as-judge |
Evaluate research content quality against rubric dimensions |
clean-code |
Writing quality checklist parallels clean code principles for prose |
Skill Type
FLEXIBLE — Adapt research depth, citation formality, and structure to the content type and audience. Academic whitepapers demand Tier 1 sources and formal citations; blog posts may use a lighter approach. The fact-checking protocol and source evaluation framework are always recommended.
1---2name: content-research-writer3description: Use when the user needs research methodology, long-form content creation, academic-style citations, fact-checking, or evidence-based writing with proper source attribution. Trigger conditions: whitepaper drafting, research article writing, source evaluation, citation management, fact-checking protocol, case study creation, evidence-based argumentation.4---5
6# Content Research Writer
7
8## Overview
9
10Produce well-researched, authoritative long-form content with proper source attribution, structured argumentation, and evidence-based claims. This skill covers research methodology, source evaluation, citation management, outline construction, drafting workflows, fact-checking protocols, and publishing-ready formatting for articles, whitepapers, reports, and educational content.
11
12Apply this skill whenever content must be backed by evidence, cited properly, and structured for credibility with expert audiences.
13
14## Multi-Phase Process
15
16### Phase 1: Research Planning
17
181. Define the topic scope and target audience
192. Identify key questions the content must answer
203. Determine content type (article, whitepaper, case study, guide)
214. Set word count target and depth level
225. Establish credibility requirements (peer-reviewed, industry reports, primary data)
236. Create a research timeline with milestones
24
25> **STOP — Do NOT begin source discovery until the research plan is documented and scope is agreed upon.**
26
27### Phase 2: Source Discovery and Evaluation
28
291. Search academic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, JSTOR, arXiv)
302. Identify industry reports and authoritative publications
313. Find primary sources (official documentation, datasets, specifications)
324. Evaluate source credibility using the CRAAP test (see table below)
335. Organize sources in a reference manager or structured format
346. Extract key findings, statistics, and quotable passages
35
36> **STOP — Do NOT begin outlining until you have sufficient Tier 1-2 sources for every core claim.**
37
38### Phase 3: Outline and Structure
39
401. Create a thesis statement or central argument
412. Build hierarchical outline with main sections and subsections
423. Map evidence to each section (which sources support which claims)
434. Identify gaps requiring additional research
445. Define transitions between sections for narrative flow
456. Plan visual elements (tables, charts, diagrams, callouts)
46
47> **STOP — Do NOT begin drafting until the outline is reviewed and evidence gaps are filled.**
48
49### Phase 4: Drafting
50
511. Write section by section following the outline
522. Integrate citations as you write (never retrofit)
533. Balance original analysis with supporting evidence
544. Use topic sentences and clear paragraph structure
555. Include concrete examples, data points, and case studies
566. Write introduction last (after body is complete)
57
58> **STOP — Do NOT move to review until all sections are drafted and all citations are in place.**
59
60### Phase 5: Review and Fact-Check
61
621. Verify every factual claim against its source
632. Check all statistics for accuracy and context
643. Ensure citations are complete and correctly formatted
654. Review for logical consistency and argument strength
665. Proofread for clarity, grammar, and style
676. Have subject matter expert review if possible
68
69## Content Type Decision Table
70
71| Content Type | Word Count | Research Depth | Audience | Citation Style |
72|---|---|---|---|---|
73| Blog article | 1,500-3,000 | Tier 2-3 sources | General | Inline links |
74| Long-form article | 3,000-5,000 | Tier 1-3 sources | Informed readers | Parenthetical (APA) |
75| Whitepaper | 3,000-8,000 | Tier 1-2 mandatory | Decision-makers | Footnotes or numbered |
76| Case study | 1,000-2,500 | Primary + Tier 2 | Buyers | Inline attribution |
77| Technical report | 5,000-15,000 | Tier 1 mandatory | Experts | IEEE or APA |
78| Educational guide | 2,000-6,000 | Tier 1-3 mixed | Learners | Parenthetical |
79
80## Source Evaluation Framework (CRAAP Test)
81
82| Criterion | Questions to Ask | Red Flags |
83|---|---|---|
84| **Currency** | When was it published? Updated? | > 5 years old for fast-moving topics |
85| **Relevance** | Does it directly address your topic? | Tangential connection, different context |
86| **Authority** | Who is the author? What are their credentials? | No author, no institutional affiliation |
87| **Accuracy** | Is it supported by evidence? Peer-reviewed? | No citations, unverifiable claims |
88| **Purpose** | Why does this exist? Inform, sell, persuade? | Strong commercial bias, advocacy without disclosure |
89
90### Source Tier System
91
92| Tier | Source Type | Credibility | Use For |
93|---|---|---|---|
94| Tier 1 | Peer-reviewed journals, official standards | Highest | Core claims, statistics |
95| Tier 2 | Industry reports (Gartner, McKinsey), textbooks | High | Market data, frameworks |
96| Tier 3 | Reputable news outlets, official documentation | Good | Context, current events |
97| Tier 4 | Expert blogs, conference talks, interviews | Moderate | Perspectives, opinions |
98| Tier 5 | Social media, forums, Wikipedia | Low | Discovery only, never cite directly |
99
100## Citation Formats
101
102### Inline Citation Styles
103```markdown
104# Parenthetical (APA-style)
105Research shows that 73% of enterprises have adopted cloud-native architectures
106(Smith & Johnson, 2025).
107
108# Narrative
109According to Smith and Johnson (2025), 73% of enterprises have adopted
110cloud-native architectures.
111
112# Footnote-style (Chicago)
113Research shows significant cloud adoption.[^1]
114
115[^1]: Smith, J., & Johnson, R. (2025). Cloud adoption trends.
116*Journal of Cloud Computing*, 12(3), 45-62.
117
118# Numbered (IEEE-style)
119Research shows significant cloud adoption [1].
120
121## References
122[1] J. Smith and R. Johnson, "Cloud adoption trends," *J. Cloud Computing*,
123 vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 45-62, 2025.
124```
125
126### Reference Format Templates
127```markdown
128# Journal Article
129Author, A. B., & Author, C. D. (Year). Title of article. *Journal Name*,
130Volume(Issue), Pages. https://doi.org/xxxxx
131
132# Book
133Author, A. B. (Year). *Title of book* (Edition). Publisher.
134
135# Website
136Author or Organization. (Year, Month Day). Title of page. Site Name.
137https://www.example.com/page
138
139# Report
140Organization. (Year). *Title of report* (Report No. XXX).
141https://www.example.com/report.pdf
142```
143
144## Content Structure Templates
145
146### Long-Form Article (2000-5000 words)
147```
1481. Hook / Opening Anecdote (100-200 words)
1492. Context and Problem Statement (200-300 words)
1503. Thesis / Key Insight (50-100 words)
1514. Section 1: Background (400-600 words)
152 - Historical context
153 - Current state
154 - Key definitions
1555. Section 2: Core Analysis (600-1000 words)
156 - Main argument with evidence
157 - Data and statistics
158 - Expert perspectives
1596. Section 3: Implications (400-600 words)
160 - Practical applications
161 - Case studies
162 - Future outlook
1637. Section 4: Counterarguments (200-400 words)
164 - Acknowledge limitations
165 - Address objections
1668. Conclusion (200-300 words)
167 - Synthesize key findings
168 - Call to action or forward-looking statement
1699. References
170```
171
172### Whitepaper (3000-8000 words)
173```
1741. Executive Summary (300-500 words)
1752. Introduction and Problem Statement (500-800 words)
1763. Methodology (300-500 words)
1774. Findings / Analysis (1500-3000 words)
178 - Section with data visualization
179 - Comparative analysis
180 - Case studies
1815. Recommendations (500-1000 words)
1826. Conclusion (300-500 words)
1837. Appendices
1848. References
185```
186
187### Case Study (1000-2500 words)
188```
1891. Executive Summary (100-200 words)
1902. Challenge / Problem (200-400 words)
1913. Approach / Solution (300-600 words)
1924. Implementation (300-500 words)
1935. Results and Metrics (200-400 words)
1946. Lessons Learned (200-300 words)
1957. About [Company/Subject]
196```
197
198## Writing Quality Checklist
199
200### Paragraph Level
201- Each paragraph has a clear topic sentence
202- Paragraphs are 3-6 sentences (avoid walls of text)
203- Transitions connect paragraphs logically
204- Evidence follows claims immediately
205
206### Sentence Level
207- Vary sentence length (mix short and long)
208- Active voice preferred over passive
209- Avoid jargon without definition
210- Concrete language over abstract
211
212### Document Level
213- Introduction establishes the "so what" clearly
214- Each section advances the central argument
215- No unsupported claims
216- Conclusion adds value (doesn't just repeat)
217- Consistent tone and reading level throughout
218
219## Fact-Checking Protocol
220
221### Verification Steps
2221. **Primary source check**: Trace every claim back to its original source
2232. **Cross-reference**: Verify key facts with at least 2 independent sources
2243. **Statistical validation**: Check that numbers are current and in context
2254. **Quote accuracy**: Verify exact wording of all direct quotes
2265. **Date verification**: Confirm all dates and timelines
2276. **Name and title check**: Verify correct spelling and current titles
228
229### Common Fact-Checking Pitfalls
230
231| Pitfall | Example | Prevention |
232|---|---|---|
233| Outdated statistics | "50% of..." from a 2018 study | Always note publication year, seek recent data |
234| Misattributed quotes | Einstein didn't say most "Einstein quotes" | Trace to primary source document |
235| Survivorship bias | "All successful companies do X" | Look for counterexamples |
236| Correlation as causation | "Countries that eat chocolate win more Nobels" | Distinguish correlation from causation |
237| Out-of-context numbers | "Revenue grew 500%" (from $1 to $5) | Always provide absolute numbers and context |
238
239## Research Tools
240
241| Tool | Purpose | Best For |
242|---|---|---|
243| Google Scholar | Academic paper search | Peer-reviewed research |
244| Semantic Scholar | AI-powered paper discovery | Finding related work |
245| arXiv | Preprints | Cutting-edge CS/ML/Physics |
246| PubMed | Medical/bio research | Health and life sciences |
247| Statista | Statistics and market data | Industry data points |
248| Wayback Machine | Historical web pages | Verifying past claims |
249| Zotero / Mendeley | Reference management | Organizing sources |
250| Perplexity | AI-assisted research | Initial discovery |
251
252## Anti-Patterns / Common Mistakes
253
254| Anti-Pattern | Why It Fails | What To Do Instead |
255|---|---|---|
256| Claims without citations | Undermines credibility entirely | Cite every factual claim inline |
257| Single-source assertions | One source can be wrong or biased | Cross-reference with 2+ independent sources |
258| Citing secondary when primary exists | Telephone game distorts findings | Trace to and cite the original study |
259| Writing introduction first | Leads to misalignment with body | Write body first, introduction last |
260| Padding to reach word count | Readers detect filler immediately | Add depth or cut the target |
261| Weasel words without specifics | "Some experts say" means nothing | Name the expert, cite the source |
262| Retrofitting citations after drafting | Gaps in evidence go unnoticed | Integrate citations during writing |
263| Ignoring counterarguments | One-sided work lacks credibility | Address objections explicitly |
264| Paraphrasing too closely | Borderline plagiarism even with citation | Summarize in your own analytical voice |
265| No conflict-of-interest disclosure | Erodes trust when discovered | Disclose sponsorship or affiliations upfront |
266
267## Anti-Rationalization Guards
268
269- Do NOT skip the CRAAP test because "the source looks reputable" -- evaluate it formally.
270- Do NOT use Tier 4-5 sources for core claims, regardless of convenience.
271- Do NOT begin drafting without a completed outline with evidence mapped to sections.
272- Do NOT publish without running the fact-checking protocol on every statistic and quote.
273- Do NOT retrofit citations after writing -- integrate them as you draft.
274
275## Integration Points
276
277| Skill | How It Connects |
278|---|---|
279| `seo-optimizer` | Research content needs SEO-optimized titles, meta descriptions, and structured data |
280| `content-creator` | Research findings feed into marketing copy and social media content |
281| `email-composer` | Research summaries inform stakeholder update emails and executive briefings |
282| `tech-docs-generator` | Technical research follows similar source evaluation and citation practices |
283| `llm-as-judge` | Evaluate research content quality against rubric dimensions |
284| `clean-code` | Writing quality checklist parallels clean code principles for prose |
285
286## Skill Type
287
288**FLEXIBLE** — Adapt research depth, citation formality, and structure to the content type and audience. Academic whitepapers demand Tier 1 sources and formal citations; blog posts may use a lighter approach. The fact-checking protocol and source evaluation framework are always recommended.