Content Research Writer
Overview
Produce well-researched, authoritative long-form content with proper source attribution, structured argumentation, and evidence-based claims. This skill covers research methodology, source evaluation, citation management, outline construction, drafting workflows, fact-checking protocols, and publishing-ready formatting for articles, whitepapers, reports, and educational content.
Apply this skill whenever content must be backed by evidence, cited properly, and structured for credibility with expert audiences.
Multi-Phase Process
Phase 1: Research Planning
- Define the topic scope and target audience
- Identify key questions the content must answer
- Determine content type (article, whitepaper, case study, guide)
- Set word count target and depth level
- Establish credibility requirements (peer-reviewed, industry reports, primary data)
- Create a research timeline with milestones
STOP — Do NOT begin source discovery until the research plan is documented and scope is agreed upon.
Phase 2: Source Discovery and Evaluation
- Search academic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, JSTOR, arXiv)
- Identify industry reports and authoritative publications
- Find primary sources (official documentation, datasets, specifications)
- Evaluate source credibility using the CRAAP test (see table below)
- Organize sources in a reference manager or structured format
- Extract key findings, statistics, and quotable passages
STOP — Do NOT begin outlining until you have sufficient Tier 1-2 sources for every core claim.
Phase 3: Outline and Structure
- Create a thesis statement or central argument
- Build hierarchical outline with main sections and subsections
- Map evidence to each section (which sources support which claims)
- Identify gaps requiring additional research
- Define transitions between sections for narrative flow
- Plan visual elements (tables, charts, diagrams, callouts)
STOP — Do NOT begin drafting until the outline is reviewed and evidence gaps are filled.
Phase 4: Drafting
- Write section by section following the outline
- Integrate citations as you write (never retrofit)
- Balance original analysis with supporting evidence
- Use topic sentences and clear paragraph structure
- Include concrete examples, data points, and case studies
- Write introduction last (after body is complete)
STOP — Do NOT move to review until all sections are drafted and all citations are in place.
Phase 5: Review and Fact-Check
- Verify every factual claim against its source
- Check all statistics for accuracy and context
- Ensure citations are complete and correctly formatted
- Review for logical consistency and argument strength
- Proofread for clarity, grammar, and style
- Have subject matter expert review if possible
Content Type Decision Table
| Content Type |
Word Count |
Research Depth |
Audience |
Citation Style |
| Blog article |
1,500-3,000 |
Tier 2-3 sources |
General |
Inline links |
| Long-form article |
3,000-5,000 |
Tier 1-3 sources |
Informed readers |
Parenthetical (APA) |
| Whitepaper |
3,000-8,000 |
Tier 1-2 mandatory |
Decision-makers |
Footnotes or numbered |
| Case study |
1,000-2,500 |
Primary + Tier 2 |
Buyers |
Inline attribution |
| Technical report |
5,000-15,000 |
Tier 1 mandatory |
Experts |
IEEE or APA |
| Educational guide |
2,000-6,000 |
Tier 1-3 mixed |
Learners |
Parenthetical |
Source Evaluation Framework (CRAAP Test)
| Criterion |
Questions to Ask |
Red Flags |
| Currency |
When was it published? Updated? |
> 5 years old for fast-moving topics |
| Relevance |
Does it directly address your topic? |
Tangential connection, different context |
| Authority |
Who is the author? What are their credentials? |
No author, no institutional affiliation |
| Accuracy |
Is it supported by evidence? Peer-reviewed? |
No citations, unverifiable claims |
| Purpose |
Why does this exist? Inform, sell, persuade? |
Strong commercial bias, advocacy without disclosure |
Source Tier System
| Tier |
Source Type |
Credibility |
Use For |
| Tier 1 |
Peer-reviewed journals, official standards |
Highest |
Core claims, statistics |
| Tier 2 |
Industry reports (Gartner, McKinsey), textbooks |
High |
Market data, frameworks |
| Tier 3 |
Reputable news outlets, official documentation |
Good |
Context, current events |
| Tier 4 |
Expert blogs, conference talks, interviews |
Moderate |
Perspectives, opinions |
| Tier 5 |
Social media, forums, Wikipedia |
Low |
Discovery only, never cite directly |
Citation Formats
Inline Citation Styles
# Parenthetical (APA-style)
Research shows that 73% of enterprises have adopted cloud-native architectures
(Smith & Johnson, 2025).
# Narrative
According to Smith and Johnson (2025), 73% of enterprises have adopted
cloud-native architectures.
# Footnote-style (Chicago)
Research shows significant cloud adoption.[^1]
[^1]: Smith, J., & Johnson, R. (2025). Cloud adoption trends.
*Journal of Cloud Computing*, 12(3), 45-62.
# Numbered (IEEE-style)
Research shows significant cloud adoption [1].
## References
[1] J. Smith and R. Johnson, "Cloud adoption trends," *J. Cloud Computing*,
vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 45-62, 2025.
Reference Format Templates
# Journal Article
Author, A. B., & Author, C. D. (Year). Title of article. *Journal Name*,
Volume(Issue), Pages. https://doi.org/xxxxx
# Book
Author, A. B. (Year). *Title of book* (Edition). Publisher.
# Website
Author or Organization. (Year, Month Day). Title of page. Site Name.
https://www.example.com/page
# Report
Organization. (Year). *Title of report* (Report No. XXX).
https://www.example.com/report.pdf
Content Structure Templates
Long-Form Article (2000-5000 words)
1. Hook / Opening Anecdote (100-200 words)
2. Context and Problem Statement (200-300 words)
3. Thesis / Key Insight (50-100 words)
4. Section 1: Background (400-600 words)
- Historical context
- Current state
- Key definitions
5. Section 2: Core Analysis (600-1000 words)
- Main argument with evidence
- Data and statistics
- Expert perspectives
6. Section 3: Implications (400-600 words)
- Practical applications
- Case studies
- Future outlook
7. Section 4: Counterarguments (200-400 words)
- Acknowledge limitations
- Address objections
8. Conclusion (200-300 words)
- Synthesize key findings
- Call to action or forward-looking statement
9. References
Whitepaper (3000-8000 words)
1. Executive Summary (300-500 words)
2. Introduction and Problem Statement (500-800 words)
3. Methodology (300-500 words)
4. Findings / Analysis (1500-3000 words)
- Section with data visualization
- Comparative analysis
- Case studies
5. Recommendations (500-1000 words)
6. Conclusion (300-500 words)
7. Appendices
8. References
Case Study (1000-2500 words)
1. Executive Summary (100-200 words)
2. Challenge / Problem (200-400 words)
3. Approach / Solution (300-600 words)
4. Implementation (300-500 words)
5. Results and Metrics (200-400 words)
6. Lessons Learned (200-300 words)
7. About [Company/Subject]
Writing Quality Checklist
Paragraph Level
- Each paragraph has a clear topic sentence
- Paragraphs are 3-6 sentences (avoid walls of text)
- Transitions connect paragraphs logically
- Evidence follows claims immediately
Sentence Level
- Vary sentence length (mix short and long)
- Active voice preferred over passive
- Avoid jargon without definition
- Concrete language over abstract
Document Level
- Introduction establishes the "so what" clearly
- Each section advances the central argument
- No unsupported claims
- Conclusion adds value (doesn't just repeat)
- Consistent tone and reading level throughout
Fact-Checking Protocol
Verification Steps
- Primary source check: Trace every claim back to its original source
- Cross-reference: Verify key facts with at least 2 independent sources
- Statistical validation: Check that numbers are current and in context
- Quote accuracy: Verify exact wording of all direct quotes
- Date verification: Confirm all dates and timelines
- Name and title check: Verify correct spelling and current titles
Common Fact-Checking Pitfalls
| Pitfall |
Example |
Prevention |
| Outdated statistics |
"50% of..." from a 2018 study |
Always note publication year, seek recent data |
| Misattributed quotes |
Einstein didn't say most "Einstein quotes" |
Trace to primary source document |
| Survivorship bias |
"All successful companies do X" |
Look for counterexamples |
| Correlation as causation |
"Countries that eat chocolate win more Nobels" |
Distinguish correlation from causation |
| Out-of-context numbers |
"Revenue grew 500%" (from $1 to $5) |
Always provide absolute numbers and context |
Research Tools
| Tool |
Purpose |
Best For |
| Google Scholar |
Academic paper search |
Peer-reviewed research |
| Semantic Scholar |
AI-powered paper discovery |
Finding related work |
| arXiv |
Preprints |
Cutting-edge CS/ML/Physics |
| PubMed |
Medical/bio research |
Health and life sciences |
| Statista |
Statistics and market data |
Industry data points |
| Wayback Machine |
Historical web pages |
Verifying past claims |
| Zotero / Mendeley |
Reference management |
Organizing sources |
| Perplexity |
AI-assisted research |
Initial discovery |
Anti-Patterns / Common Mistakes
| Anti-Pattern |
Why It Fails |
What To Do Instead |
| Claims without citations |
Undermines credibility entirely |
Cite every factual claim inline |
| Single-source assertions |
One source can be wrong or biased |
Cross-reference with 2+ independent sources |
| Citing secondary when primary exists |
Telephone game distorts findings |
Trace to and cite the original study |
| Writing introduction first |
Leads to misalignment with body |
Write body first, introduction last |
| Padding to reach word count |
Readers detect filler immediately |
Add depth or cut the target |
| Weasel words without specifics |
"Some experts say" means nothing |
Name the expert, cite the source |
| Retrofitting citations after drafting |
Gaps in evidence go unnoticed |
Integrate citations during writing |
| Ignoring counterarguments |
One-sided work lacks credibility |
Address objections explicitly |
| Paraphrasing too closely |
Borderline plagiarism even with citation |
Summarize in your own analytical voice |
| No conflict-of-interest disclosure |
Erodes trust when discovered |
Disclose sponsorship or affiliations upfront |
Anti-Rationalization Guards
- Do NOT skip the CRAAP test because "the source looks reputable" -- evaluate it formally.
- Do NOT use Tier 4-5 sources for core claims, regardless of convenience.
- Do NOT begin drafting without a completed outline with evidence mapped to sections.
- Do NOT publish without running the fact-checking protocol on every statistic and quote.
- Do NOT retrofit citations after writing -- integrate them as you draft.
Integration Points
| Skill |
How It Connects |
seo-optimizer |
Research content needs SEO-optimized titles, meta descriptions, and structured data |
content-creator |
Research findings feed into marketing copy and social media content |
email-composer |
Research summaries inform stakeholder update emails and executive briefings |
tech-docs-generator |
Technical research follows similar source evaluation and citation practices |
llm-as-judge |
Evaluate research content quality against rubric dimensions |
clean-code |
Writing quality checklist parallels clean code principles for prose |
Skill Type
FLEXIBLE — Adapt research depth, citation formality, and structure to the content type and audience. Academic whitepapers demand Tier 1 sources and formal citations; blog posts may use a lighter approach. The fact-checking protocol and source evaluation framework are always recommended.
1---
2name: content-research-writer
3description: >
4 Use when the user needs research methodology, long-form content creation, academic-style citations,
5 fact-checking, or evidence-based writing with proper source attribution.
6 Trigger conditions: whitepaper drafting, research article writing, source evaluation,
7 citation management, fact-checking protocol, case study creation, evidence-based argumentation.
8---
9
10# Content Research Writer
11
12## Overview
13
14Produce well-researched, authoritative long-form content with proper source attribution, structured argumentation, and evidence-based claims. This skill covers research methodology, source evaluation, citation management, outline construction, drafting workflows, fact-checking protocols, and publishing-ready formatting for articles, whitepapers, reports, and educational content.
15
16Apply this skill whenever content must be backed by evidence, cited properly, and structured for credibility with expert audiences.
17
18## Multi-Phase Process
19
20### Phase 1: Research Planning
21
221. Define the topic scope and target audience
232. Identify key questions the content must answer
243. Determine content type (article, whitepaper, case study, guide)
254. Set word count target and depth level
265. Establish credibility requirements (peer-reviewed, industry reports, primary data)
276. Create a research timeline with milestones
28
29> **STOP — Do NOT begin source discovery until the research plan is documented and scope is agreed upon.**
30
31### Phase 2: Source Discovery and Evaluation
32
331. Search academic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, JSTOR, arXiv)
342. Identify industry reports and authoritative publications
353. Find primary sources (official documentation, datasets, specifications)
364. Evaluate source credibility using the CRAAP test (see table below)
375. Organize sources in a reference manager or structured format
386. Extract key findings, statistics, and quotable passages
39
40> **STOP — Do NOT begin outlining until you have sufficient Tier 1-2 sources for every core claim.**
41
42### Phase 3: Outline and Structure
43
441. Create a thesis statement or central argument
452. Build hierarchical outline with main sections and subsections
463. Map evidence to each section (which sources support which claims)
474. Identify gaps requiring additional research
485. Define transitions between sections for narrative flow
496. Plan visual elements (tables, charts, diagrams, callouts)
50
51> **STOP — Do NOT begin drafting until the outline is reviewed and evidence gaps are filled.**
52
53### Phase 4: Drafting
54
551. Write section by section following the outline
562. Integrate citations as you write (never retrofit)
573. Balance original analysis with supporting evidence
584. Use topic sentences and clear paragraph structure
595. Include concrete examples, data points, and case studies
606. Write introduction last (after body is complete)
61
62> **STOP — Do NOT move to review until all sections are drafted and all citations are in place.**
63
64### Phase 5: Review and Fact-Check
65
661. Verify every factual claim against its source
672. Check all statistics for accuracy and context
683. Ensure citations are complete and correctly formatted
694. Review for logical consistency and argument strength
705. Proofread for clarity, grammar, and style
716. Have subject matter expert review if possible
72
73## Content Type Decision Table
74
75| Content Type | Word Count | Research Depth | Audience | Citation Style |
76|---|---|---|---|---|
77| Blog article | 1,500-3,000 | Tier 2-3 sources | General | Inline links |
78| Long-form article | 3,000-5,000 | Tier 1-3 sources | Informed readers | Parenthetical (APA) |
79| Whitepaper | 3,000-8,000 | Tier 1-2 mandatory | Decision-makers | Footnotes or numbered |
80| Case study | 1,000-2,500 | Primary + Tier 2 | Buyers | Inline attribution |
81| Technical report | 5,000-15,000 | Tier 1 mandatory | Experts | IEEE or APA |
82| Educational guide | 2,000-6,000 | Tier 1-3 mixed | Learners | Parenthetical |
83
84## Source Evaluation Framework (CRAAP Test)
85
86| Criterion | Questions to Ask | Red Flags |
87|---|---|---|
88| **Currency** | When was it published? Updated? | > 5 years old for fast-moving topics |
89| **Relevance** | Does it directly address your topic? | Tangential connection, different context |
90| **Authority** | Who is the author? What are their credentials? | No author, no institutional affiliation |
91| **Accuracy** | Is it supported by evidence? Peer-reviewed? | No citations, unverifiable claims |
92| **Purpose** | Why does this exist? Inform, sell, persuade? | Strong commercial bias, advocacy without disclosure |
93
94### Source Tier System
95
96| Tier | Source Type | Credibility | Use For |
97|---|---|---|---|
98| Tier 1 | Peer-reviewed journals, official standards | Highest | Core claims, statistics |
99| Tier 2 | Industry reports (Gartner, McKinsey), textbooks | High | Market data, frameworks |
100| Tier 3 | Reputable news outlets, official documentation | Good | Context, current events |
101| Tier 4 | Expert blogs, conference talks, interviews | Moderate | Perspectives, opinions |
102| Tier 5 | Social media, forums, Wikipedia | Low | Discovery only, never cite directly |
103
104## Citation Formats
105
106### Inline Citation Styles
107```markdown
108# Parenthetical (APA-style)
109Research shows that 73% of enterprises have adopted cloud-native architectures
110(Smith & Johnson, 2025).
111
112# Narrative
113According to Smith and Johnson (2025), 73% of enterprises have adopted
114cloud-native architectures.
115
116# Footnote-style (Chicago)
117Research shows significant cloud adoption.[^1]
118
119[^1]: Smith, J., & Johnson, R. (2025). Cloud adoption trends.
120*Journal of Cloud Computing*, 12(3), 45-62.
121
122# Numbered (IEEE-style)
123Research shows significant cloud adoption [1].
124
125## References
126[1] J. Smith and R. Johnson, "Cloud adoption trends," *J. Cloud Computing*,
127 vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 45-62, 2025.
128```
129
130### Reference Format Templates
131```markdown
132# Journal Article
133Author, A. B., & Author, C. D. (Year). Title of article. *Journal Name*,
134Volume(Issue), Pages. https://doi.org/xxxxx
135
136# Book
137Author, A. B. (Year). *Title of book* (Edition). Publisher.
138
139# Website
140Author or Organization. (Year, Month Day). Title of page. Site Name.
141https://www.example.com/page
142
143# Report
144Organization. (Year). *Title of report* (Report No. XXX).
145https://www.example.com/report.pdf
146```
147
148## Content Structure Templates
149
150### Long-Form Article (2000-5000 words)
151```
1521. Hook / Opening Anecdote (100-200 words)
1532. Context and Problem Statement (200-300 words)
1543. Thesis / Key Insight (50-100 words)
1554. Section 1: Background (400-600 words)
156 - Historical context
157 - Current state
158 - Key definitions
1595. Section 2: Core Analysis (600-1000 words)
160 - Main argument with evidence
161 - Data and statistics
162 - Expert perspectives
1636. Section 3: Implications (400-600 words)
164 - Practical applications
165 - Case studies
166 - Future outlook
1677. Section 4: Counterarguments (200-400 words)
168 - Acknowledge limitations
169 - Address objections
1708. Conclusion (200-300 words)
171 - Synthesize key findings
172 - Call to action or forward-looking statement
1739. References
174```
175
176### Whitepaper (3000-8000 words)
177```
1781. Executive Summary (300-500 words)
1792. Introduction and Problem Statement (500-800 words)
1803. Methodology (300-500 words)
1814. Findings / Analysis (1500-3000 words)
182 - Section with data visualization
183 - Comparative analysis
184 - Case studies
1855. Recommendations (500-1000 words)
1866. Conclusion (300-500 words)
1877. Appendices
1888. References
189```
190
191### Case Study (1000-2500 words)
192```
1931. Executive Summary (100-200 words)
1942. Challenge / Problem (200-400 words)
1953. Approach / Solution (300-600 words)
1964. Implementation (300-500 words)
1975. Results and Metrics (200-400 words)
1986. Lessons Learned (200-300 words)
1997. About [Company/Subject]
200```
201
202## Writing Quality Checklist
203
204### Paragraph Level
205- Each paragraph has a clear topic sentence
206- Paragraphs are 3-6 sentences (avoid walls of text)
207- Transitions connect paragraphs logically
208- Evidence follows claims immediately
209
210### Sentence Level
211- Vary sentence length (mix short and long)
212- Active voice preferred over passive
213- Avoid jargon without definition
214- Concrete language over abstract
215
216### Document Level
217- Introduction establishes the "so what" clearly
218- Each section advances the central argument
219- No unsupported claims
220- Conclusion adds value (doesn't just repeat)
221- Consistent tone and reading level throughout
222
223## Fact-Checking Protocol
224
225### Verification Steps
2261. **Primary source check**: Trace every claim back to its original source
2272. **Cross-reference**: Verify key facts with at least 2 independent sources
2283. **Statistical validation**: Check that numbers are current and in context
2294. **Quote accuracy**: Verify exact wording of all direct quotes
2305. **Date verification**: Confirm all dates and timelines
2316. **Name and title check**: Verify correct spelling and current titles
232
233### Common Fact-Checking Pitfalls
234
235| Pitfall | Example | Prevention |
236|---|---|---|
237| Outdated statistics | "50% of..." from a 2018 study | Always note publication year, seek recent data |
238| Misattributed quotes | Einstein didn't say most "Einstein quotes" | Trace to primary source document |
239| Survivorship bias | "All successful companies do X" | Look for counterexamples |
240| Correlation as causation | "Countries that eat chocolate win more Nobels" | Distinguish correlation from causation |
241| Out-of-context numbers | "Revenue grew 500%" (from $1 to $5) | Always provide absolute numbers and context |
242
243## Research Tools
244
245| Tool | Purpose | Best For |
246|---|---|---|
247| Google Scholar | Academic paper search | Peer-reviewed research |
248| Semantic Scholar | AI-powered paper discovery | Finding related work |
249| arXiv | Preprints | Cutting-edge CS/ML/Physics |
250| PubMed | Medical/bio research | Health and life sciences |
251| Statista | Statistics and market data | Industry data points |
252| Wayback Machine | Historical web pages | Verifying past claims |
253| Zotero / Mendeley | Reference management | Organizing sources |
254| Perplexity | AI-assisted research | Initial discovery |
255
256## Anti-Patterns / Common Mistakes
257
258| Anti-Pattern | Why It Fails | What To Do Instead |
259|---|---|---|
260| Claims without citations | Undermines credibility entirely | Cite every factual claim inline |
261| Single-source assertions | One source can be wrong or biased | Cross-reference with 2+ independent sources |
262| Citing secondary when primary exists | Telephone game distorts findings | Trace to and cite the original study |
263| Writing introduction first | Leads to misalignment with body | Write body first, introduction last |
264| Padding to reach word count | Readers detect filler immediately | Add depth or cut the target |
265| Weasel words without specifics | "Some experts say" means nothing | Name the expert, cite the source |
266| Retrofitting citations after drafting | Gaps in evidence go unnoticed | Integrate citations during writing |
267| Ignoring counterarguments | One-sided work lacks credibility | Address objections explicitly |
268| Paraphrasing too closely | Borderline plagiarism even with citation | Summarize in your own analytical voice |
269| No conflict-of-interest disclosure | Erodes trust when discovered | Disclose sponsorship or affiliations upfront |
270
271## Anti-Rationalization Guards
272
273- Do NOT skip the CRAAP test because "the source looks reputable" -- evaluate it formally.
274- Do NOT use Tier 4-5 sources for core claims, regardless of convenience.
275- Do NOT begin drafting without a completed outline with evidence mapped to sections.
276- Do NOT publish without running the fact-checking protocol on every statistic and quote.
277- Do NOT retrofit citations after writing -- integrate them as you draft.
278
279## Integration Points
280
281| Skill | How It Connects |
282|---|---|
283| `seo-optimizer` | Research content needs SEO-optimized titles, meta descriptions, and structured data |
284| `content-creator` | Research findings feed into marketing copy and social media content |
285| `email-composer` | Research summaries inform stakeholder update emails and executive briefings |
286| `tech-docs-generator` | Technical research follows similar source evaluation and citation practices |
287| `llm-as-judge` | Evaluate research content quality against rubric dimensions |
288| `clean-code` | Writing quality checklist parallels clean code principles for prose |
289
290## Skill Type
291
292**FLEXIBLE** — Adapt research depth, citation formality, and structure to the content type and audience. Academic whitepapers demand Tier 1 sources and formal citations; blog posts may use a lighter approach. The fact-checking protocol and source evaluation framework are always recommended.