Share Allocation Fairness

Skill: SHARE_ALLOCATION_FAIRNESS

Trigger: SHARE_ALLOCATION flag detected in pattern scan Used by: Breadth agents, depth-edge-case

Purpose

Analyze fairness of share/token allocation mechanisms where users receive shares proportional to deposits, contributions, or participation -- checking for late-entry advantages, queue-position gaming, and time-weighting omissions. Adapted for Aptos Move FungibleAsset-based accounting and resource model.

Methodology

STEP 1: Classify Allocation Mechanism

Identify which pattern the protocol uses:

Aptos-specific: Identify whether shares are represented as:

• FungibleAsset with custom metadata (standard FA shares)
• Coin<ShareType> (legacy coin shares)
• Custom resource with balance field (non-standard)
• Object<T> with proportional ownership (object-based shares)

STEP 2: Late Entry Attack Model

For each allocation entry point:

1. Identify accrual source: What generates value for existing share holders? (yield, fees, rewards, appreciation)
2. Trace timing: When does accrued value become claimable vs when can new shares enter?
3. Check for time-weighting: Does allocation account for HOW LONG shares were held, or only THAT shares are held?
4. Model attack: Can a depositor enter AFTER value accrues but BEFORE distribution, capturing value they did not earn?

Aptos timing specifics: Aptos block time is ~1 second. timestamp::now_seconds() granularity allows sub-epoch manipulation if epoch boundaries are timestamp-based. Check if the protocol uses reconfiguration::last_reconfiguration_time() or custom epoch tracking.

STEP 2c: Cross-Address Deposit Model

For each entry function accepting a beneficiary address or object parameter:

Check: what is the DEFAULT state for a never-before-seen beneficiary? Can depositing for a new address where that address has zero-initialized accounting unlock historical rewards, bypass cooldowns, or inherit accrued value?

Aptos-specific: When a new FungibleStore is created for an address via primary_fungible_store::ensure_primary_store_exists, is the associated accounting state also initialized? Or does the share accounting resource exist independently from the token store?

If beneficiary != caller enables reward capture the recipient did not earn -> FINDING (late-entry variant).

STEP 2d: Pre-Setter Timing Model

For each admin-settable reward/rate parameter: model the sequence user_deposits -> admin_sets_rate -> rewards_accrue. Does the user receive retroactive rewards for the period BEFORE the rate was set? Does a depositor after rate-setting receive the same, more, or less?

If depositing before rate-setting yields unearned rewards or causes reward loss for post-set depositors -> FINDING (timing fairness).

STEP 2e: Pre-Configuration State Analysis

For the allocation mechanism identified in Step 1:

1. What is the module initialization sequence? List all init_module and manual configuration steps in order.
2. For each step: what functions are callable BEFORE this configuration completes?
3. Are there reward/share calculations that use unconfigured (zero/default) values?
4. Can a user deposit/stake before full configuration and receive outsized rewards/shares?
5. Is there a pause mechanism or is_initialized guard that prevents interaction before configuration completes?

Aptos-specific: init_module runs automatically on module publish. But additional configuration (setting rates, adding pools, registering tokens) often requires separate transactions. The window between init_module and full configuration is the attack surface.

If users can interact during partial configuration AND default values create unfair advantage -> FINDING (minimum Medium, Rule 13: design gap).

STEP 3: Queue Position and Batch Processing

For protocols with batch/queue processing:

1. Ordering fairness: Is queue order FIFO, arbitrary (admin-chosen), or manipulable?
2. Partial processing: Can operator process some deposits but not others within a batch?
3. Cross-batch state: Does processing order within a batch affect allocation ratios?
4. Deposit splitting: Can a user split one large deposit into many small ones for queue advantage?

Aptos-specific: Aptos transaction ordering within a block is determined by the validator. If batch processing reads from a Table or SmartTable, iteration order may not be deterministic or FIFO. Check if the protocol uses SmartVector with explicit ordering or Table with unordered access.

STEP 4: Share Redemption Symmetry

Check that entry and exit use consistent valuation:

1. Mint vs burn ratio: Are shares minted at the same exchange rate they can be burned?
2. Pending claims: Can unredeemed shares dilute active shares value?
3. Withdrawal queue: Does withdrawal ordering create unfair priority?

Aptos-specific: If shares are FungibleAsset, verify that fungible_asset::supply() is correctly tracked. If shares have burn capability, verify the burn-to-underlying ratio matches the mint ratio.

STEP 4b: Aggregate Constraint Coherence (Rule 14)

For independently-settable allocation rates/shares (e.g., per-pool weights, fee splits, distribution percentages): Is the sum constraint enforced ON-CHAIN in the setter? Can each rate be changed independently without validating the aggregate?

If aggregate constraint NOT enforced and rates independently settable -> FINDING (Rule 14).

Instantiation Parameters

{CONTRACTS}           -- List of modules to analyze
{SHARE_TOKEN}         -- Share/receipt token type (FA metadata, Coin type, custom resource)
{ENTRY_FUNCTIONS}     -- Functions that create/mint shares
{EXIT_FUNCTIONS}      -- Functions that burn/redeem shares
{RATE_SETTERS}        -- Admin functions that set allocation rates
{ACCRUAL_SOURCE}      -- What generates yield/value for share holders

Output Schema

For each finding, specify:

• Allocation mechanism type
• Whether time-weighting is present or missing
• Concrete attack sequence with numerical example
• Who benefits and who is harmed

## Finding [SA-N]: Title

**Verdict**: CONFIRMED / PARTIAL / REFUTED / CONTESTED
**Step Execution**: check1,2,2c,2d,2e,3,4,4b | X(reasons) | ?(uncertain)
**Rules Applied**: [R5:Y, R10:Y, R13:Y, R14:Y]
**Severity**: Critical/High/Medium/Low/Info
**Location**: module::function (source_file.move:LineN)

**Allocation Mechanism**: {type from Step 1}
**Fairness Violation**: {late-entry / queue-gaming / retroactive-reward / constraint-incoherence}

**Description**: What is wrong
**Impact**: Who is harmed and by how much (numerical example)
**Evidence**: Code showing allocation logic

Step Execution Checklist (MANDATORY)

If any step skipped, document valid reason (N/A, no queue, single pool, no settable weights).