File Upload Virus Scanning

File Upload Virus Scanning

Salesforce does not scan files. Any file uploaded into ContentVersion, Attachment, or a Document object is trusted bytes until you prove otherwise. For internal-only orgs the risk is moderate; for Experience Cloud portals, Email-to-Case, partner portals, and any surface that accepts uploads from unauthenticated or lightly authenticated users, the risk is substantial. Ransomware, credential stealers, and polyglot files routinely ride in on expected-looking PDFs and spreadsheets.

The architecture is the same across scanning providers: intercept uploads, send the byte stream (or hash) to a scanning service, route based on the verdict, and expose state to consumers. The design choices are where to intercept, how to handle large files, what "pending" looks like to the user, and how to quarantine without deleting audit trail.

Before Starting

• List every upload surface: LWC components, standard pages, Email-to-Case, Web-to-Case, API integrations, Experience Cloud, mobile app.
• Identify the file types and size ranges in scope.
• Choose scanning service (hosted ClamAV, Cloudmersive Virus Scan, MetaDefender, etc.) — confirm SLA and throughput.
• Define quarantine policy: block, allow-with-warning, or allow-after-review.

Core Concepts

Interception Points

1. Pre-save trigger on ContentVersion — inspects inserts before the file is indexed/shared.
2. Post-save async on ContentVersion — scans via a Queueable after commit; toggles a ScanStatus__c field.
3. Flow on Attachment — legacy object; same pattern.
4. Middleware interception — scan happens in MuleSoft / Apigee before Salesforce sees the bytes.

Pre-save interception is cleanest but blocks the user on scan latency. Post-save async avoids the block at the cost of a scan-pending window.

State Machine

A scanned file should live in one of:

• Scan_Pending — uploaded, not yet scanned.
• Scan_Clean — passed; fully available.
• Scan_Infected — failed; quarantined.
• Scan_Error — scanner unreachable; policy decides (block or allow-with-warning).

Sharing, preview, and download must honor the state. Scan_Pending files should typically not be previewable or shareable externally.

Quarantine Without Deletion

Deleting infected files destroys audit trail. Preferred: retain the ContentVersion record with restricted sharing, strip the preview, redact the blob (or move to a dedicated quarantine library), and mark the state.

Large-File And Timeout Handling

Most scanning services cap at ~100 MB or ~10 minutes. For larger files use chunked scanning or a side-channel scanner that reads from the file storage directly (signed URL + external scanner + result webhook).

Common Patterns

Pattern 1: Post-Save Queueable With State Field

ContentVersion insert fires a trigger that enqueues a Queueable. The Queueable hashes or streams to the scanner and updates ScanStatus__c. Consumers read the state field.

Pattern 2: Signed URL + External Scanner + Webhook

Salesforce hands the scanner a signed URL (via Content Distribution or a public ShareType), scanner reads directly, posts verdict to a webhook endpoint. Best for large files.

Pattern 3: Middleware-Pre-Scan

Uploads route through MuleSoft or a front-proxy that scans before handing bytes to Salesforce. Clean separation but requires that all upload paths funnel through middleware.

Pattern 4: Allow-With-Warning For Trusted Surfaces

Internal uploads get Scan_Pending → Clean fast path. Experience Cloud uploads block sharing until Clean. Differentiates risk by surface.

Pattern 5: Scheduled Rescan

All files rescanned on a cadence against updated signature databases. Critical for files uploaded before a new malware signature existed.

Decision Guidance

Review Checklist

• Every upload surface intercepts or the policy justifies skipping.
• State machine implemented on ContentVersion (or Attachment).
• Sharing and preview honor Scan_Pending / Scan_Infected.
• Infected files retained for audit; blob redacted or moved.
• Large-file handling (> 50 MB) uses out-of-band scanning.
• Scheduled rescan cadence defined.
• Monitoring on scan failures / queue depth.

Recommended Workflow

1. Inventory upload surfaces and classify by trust level.
2. Choose scanning service; confirm SLA, throughput, file-size cap.
3. Design state machine on ContentVersion; add ScanStatus__c.
4. Implement pre-save or post-save interception appropriate to the surface.
5. Gate sharing, preview, and external download on Clean state.
6. Add monitoring and a scheduled rescan job.

Salesforce-Specific Gotchas

1. ContentDocument is shared broadly by default; sharing honors Content Delivery settings, not your ScanStatus__c.
2. Email-to-Case attachments create ContentVersions out-of-band; the trigger fires, but the user may never see the quarantine.
3. Preview generation happens async — infected files can have a preview created before your scan completes.
4. ContentVersion is insert-only for the file blob; you cannot "clean" a file, only quarantine metadata and redact downstream.
5. Scanner timeouts produce Scan_Error; policy must specify fail-open vs fail-closed.

Proactive Triggers

• ContentVersion trigger writes Clean without invoking a scanner → Flag Critical.
• Sharing rule not gated on ScanStatus__c → Flag High.
• Experience Cloud upload surface with no interception → Flag Critical.
• No scheduled rescan → Flag Medium.
• Quarantine that deletes the record → Flag High. Audit trail lost.

Output Artifacts

Related Skills

• security/experience-cloud-security — customer-facing surface hardening.
• security/data-classification-labels — classifying files by sensitivity.
• integration/webhook-inbound-patterns — scan-result webhooks.
• security/platform-encryption — encryption of stored files.