Dag Fleet

Fleet

A skill for running parallel claude -p, codex exec, or pi -p workers in tmux with budgets and DAG dependencies. Supports Claude, Codex, and Pi providers — set per-fleet or per-worker. Operator owns all kill / steer / re-direction — there is no auto-restart, no auto-verify, no babysitter loop.

Prerequisites

• bash >= 4.0 — macOS ships bash 3.2 (from 2007). Install modern bash: brew install bash
• flock — Linux built-in. macOS: brew install flock
• tmux — brew install tmux or apt install tmux
• jq — brew install jq or apt install jq

macOS quick-start

brew install bash tmux jq flock
# Then invoke launch.sh explicitly with bash 4+:
/opt/homebrew/bin/bash /path/to/dag-fleet/scripts/launch.sh <fleet-root>

If flock is unavailable, launch.sh will skip locking with a warning. Pass --no-lock to suppress the warning.

When to use this skill (and when NOT to)

FIRST: prefer Claude Code's built-in Agent tool when any of these are true. It's simpler, faster, and avoids the fleet machinery entirely.

• The work fits inside the current conversation
• All sub-agents will finish in under 10 minutes
• You'll synthesize the results in the same session
• You don't need budget caps or dependency ordering

Reach for THIS skill only when ≥1 of these is true:

• Persistence: the run will outlive the parent claude process (e.g. multi-hour fleet, user closes laptop)
• Per-worker budgets: you need max_budget_usd: N enforced per worker
• DAG dependencies: worker D must wait for A, B, C to finish first
• Mixed models per worker: Sonnet researchers + Haiku validators in the same fleet
• Tmux pane visibility: the user wants to attach to individual workers and watch them stream

If none of those apply, stop reading this skill and use the Agent tool.

What this skill is NOT

• Not an auto-recovery system. If a worker fails or hangs, the operator decides what to do.
• Not a babysitter. There is no orchestrate.sh, no stuck-detection that kills, no mid-flight steering.
• Not for "spawn 3 quick lookups in parallel" — that's the Agent tool's job.

Available scripts

Utilities (in lib/):

All scripts accept either an absolute fleet-root path or a fleet name (resolved via ~/.claude/fleet-registry.json, populated automatically by launch.sh).

Launch procedure (MUST follow exactly)

When the user asks you to launch a fleet:

1. Set FLEET_ROOT to the user's specified directory. Default to cwd if unspecified. Use absolute paths only. 1b. macOS check: If on macOS, verify bash --version >= 4.0 and flock is available. If not, install via brew or use --no-lock.
2. mkdir -p $FLEET_ROOT/workers
3. Generate $FLEET_ROOT/fleet.json — see references/fleet-json-schema.md for the full schema. Required top-level fields: fleet_name, config, workers[]. Each worker needs id, type, task, model, max_turns, max_budget_usd. Use depends_on: [...] for DAG ordering.
4. For each worker, create $FLEET_ROOT/workers/{id}/prompt.md. The prompt MUST include this line verbatim:

   Save ALL output files to $FLEET_ROOT/workers/{id}/output/ — use absolute paths.
   

   (Substitute the real fleet root and worker id.)
5. Run: bash ${AGENTS_SKILLS_DIR}/scripts/launch.sh $FLEET_ROOT
6. Do NOT write your own tmux/claude commands. launch.sh handles topo sort, tmux session creation, per-worker spawning, budgets, and the registry.
7. ALWAYS tell the user the exact status command so they can monitor manually:

   bash ${AGENTS_SKILLS_DIR}/scripts/status.sh <fleet-name-or-root>
   

   This is mandatory after every launch. The user must be able to check status without asking you.

Re-running ONE worker (the addendum workflow)

The user has a finished fleet and wants to add 1-2 sources / change one worker's instructions:

1. Edit $FLEET_ROOT/workers/{id}/prompt.md (add the new sources / instructions)
2. Run bash ${AGENTS_SKILLS_DIR}/scripts/relaunch-worker.sh <fleet-name> {id}
3. The worker's old session.jsonl is rotated to .bak, a fresh tmux window spawns, other workers are untouched
4. The fleet's tmux session must still exist. If it's been killed, the user must launch.sh --force-relaunch the whole fleet — relaunch-worker.sh only works against a live fleet session.

If the user wants to re-run multiple workers, do it one at a time. There is no batch re-run; that's intentional.

Killing

There are two operator-initiated kill paths and no automatic kills:

• kill.sh <fleet> <worker-id> — kill one worker. Sweeps subprocess descendants. Use this when you've decided a single worker is going down the wrong path.
• kill.sh <fleet> all --force — tear down the entire fleet, kill all tmux windows, sweep every orphan subprocess, mark workers KILLED, unregister from the registry.

There is no steer.sh. There is no mid-flight redirection. The intentional workflow for "I want this worker to take a different direction" is: kill.sh it, edit prompt.md, relaunch-worker.sh. Three steps, fully under operator control.

Resetting a partially-run fleet

Use when the fleet ran partially (bad prompts, wrong models, hit a bug) and you want to re-launch from scratch without state collision.

bash ${AGENTS_SKILLS_DIR}/scripts/reset.sh <FLEET_ROOT> [--soft|--hard] [--dry-run] [--force]

Preserved (both levels): fleet.json structure, workers/{id}/prompt.md. Gone on --soft (default): prior run outputs archived to archive/<ts>/, tmux session killed, status fields in fleet.json cleared. Gone on --hard: everything under the fleet root except fleet.json + prompts; registry entry removed.

Refuses with exit 2 if live workers detected — pass --force to kill them first. Preview with --dry-run.

Worker types

The type field on each worker controls the --disallowed-tools set passed to claude (or the --tools allowlist for pi, or the sandbox mode for codex). Pick one:

• read-only — disallows: Bash, Edit, Write, Agent, WebFetch, WebSearch. Cannot write files. Only use for pure analysis where output is captured from assistant messages in session.jsonl.
• write — disallows: Bash, Agent, WebFetch, WebSearch. Use for synthesizers and any worker that writes output files.
• code-run — disallows: Agent, WebFetch, WebSearch (the typical default for build/test workers)
• research — disallows: Bash, Edit, Agent (web access enabled). Use for researchers, not read-only.
• reviewer — disallows: Bash, Edit, Agent, WebFetch, WebSearch. Has Read + Write only. Use for reviewers that write verdict files.
• orchestrator — disallows: Agent, WebFetch, WebSearch, Edit

WARNING: read-only cannot write files. If a worker needs to save output (findings.md, synthesis.md, etc.), use write, research, reviewer, or code-run. Setting a synthesizer to read-only will burn its entire budget trying to find a Write tool.

See references/worker-types.md for the full permission matrix.

Provider support (Claude + Codex + Pi)

Workers can run on claude (default), codex (OpenAI Codex CLI), or pi (pi.dev CLI). Set at fleet level or per-worker:

{
  "config": {
    "provider": "pi",
    "model": "kimi-for-coding",
    "reasoning_effort": "medium"
  },
  "workers": [
    { "id": "researcher", "type": "research", "provider": "pi", "model": "kimi-for-coding", "reasoning_effort": "high" },
    { "id": "writer", "type": "write", "provider": "claude", "model": "sonnet" }
  ]
}

{
  "config": {
    "provider": "codex",
    "model": "gpt-5.4",
    "reasoning_effort": "medium"
  },
  "workers": [
    { "id": "researcher", "type": "research", "provider": "codex", "model": "gpt-5.4", "reasoning_effort": "medium" },
    { "id": "writer", "type": "write", "provider": "claude", "model": "sonnet" }
  ]
}

Provider-specific fields

Codex model aliases

Pi models

Pi is a provider harness, not a model. The actual model is determined by whichever provider is configured in your pi setup. Run pi --list-models to see what's available.

Example: With the kimi-coding provider configured:

Whatever string you put in model is passed straight through to pi -p --model. No aliases, no validation.

Model family guidance

When the user says "use the [family]" without per-worker specifics, assign models by worker role:

Claude family:

Pi / Kimi family:

Codex / GPT family:

Rule: Match model capability to task complexity. Don't put opus on a linter or haiku on an architecture review.

Provider limitations vs Claude

Codex:

• No --max-budget-usd — codex has no per-worker budget cap. Fleet-level cost tracking still works (estimated from token counts).
• No --fallback-model — codex has no automatic model fallback.
• No per-tool disabling — codex uses sandbox modes (read-only, workspace-write) instead of --disallowed-tools. Worker types are mapped automatically.
• Web search — research workers get -c 'web_search="live"' automatically.
• All output workers need workspace-write — codex read-only sandbox blocks ALL file writes including output.

Pi:

• No --max-budget-usd — pi has no per-worker budget cap. Fleet-level cost tracking works via token estimation.
• No --fallback-model — pi has no automatic model fallback.
• --tools allowlist — pi uses an allowlist (not blocklist). Worker types are mapped automatically to the correct tool set.
• Session dir — pi writes sessions to a per-worker .pi-sessions/ directory and symlinks the JSONL log to the standard path.

DAG dependencies

{
  "id": "synthesizer",
  "depends_on": ["researcher-01", "researcher-02"]
}

launch.sh uses the shared lib/dag.sh primitives (Kahn's BFS-layered topo-sort) to order workers and waits for dependencies to emit a terminal result event before starting dependents. Cycles are detected before any tmux state is created — fleet exits 2 with CYCLE:a,b,... on stderr. Workers within a layer run in parallel up to max_concurrent. Use dag-viz.py to preview the DAG structure before launch.

Budgets

• worker.max_budget_usd: N — per-worker hard cap, passed to claude --max-budget-usd
• config.max_budget_fleet: N — total fleet cap; launch.sh stops launching new workers once this is exceeded (already-running workers are not killed, the cap is "no new spending")

STRICT RULES

1. ALWAYS use the scripts above for EVERY operation. Never write your own tmux / claude commands.
2. NEVER use the --bare flag with claude — causes auth failures.
3. Fleet root = user's directory. Default to cwd. ALL fleet files go inside $FLEET_ROOT.
4. Worker output paths must be absolute: $FLEET_ROOT/workers/{id}/output/. Tell the worker this in its prompt.md.
5. launch.sh is the only way to start workers. relaunch-worker.sh is the only way to selectively re-run one. There is no other path.
6. Operator owns kill and direction changes. Do not auto-kill, do not auto-restart, do not auto-redirect. If a worker is misbehaving, surface it to the user and let them decide.
7. Do NOT invent missing scripts. If you find yourself wanting steer.sh, verify.sh, add-worker.sh, or orchestrate.sh — they were intentionally removed. Use the operator-owned workflow above instead.

Rationalizations to reject

When to give up on this skill

If the user asks for behavior that requires auto-recovery, mid-flight steering, or per-worker validation loops, tell them this skill no longer does those things by design. Suggest:

• For auto-recovery → they should run a watcher script themselves and call kill.sh + relaunch-worker.sh from it
• For mid-flight steering → kill + edit prompt.md + relaunch-worker
• For validation → they read the output files themselves and decide

The skill's surface area was deliberately reduced after experiments where automated behavior caused more harm than the failures it was trying to recover from.

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