Capacity Planning

Capacity Planning

Purpose

Analyze current resource utilization, quota consumption, and growth trends to predict capacity risks and recommend scaling actions before limits are hit.

When to use this skill

• User asks "will our infrastructure handle the traffic spike?"
• User asks about quotas, limits, or capacity
• Pre-event planning (Black Friday, product launch, marketing campaign)
• Quarterly capacity review
• After hitting a quota or throttling limit

Pre-check

Confirm with the user:

• Scope: which subscriptions and regions
• Time horizon: when is the expected load increase? (default: 30 days)
• Expected growth factor (e.g., 2x, 5x, 10x current load)
• Critical workloads to prioritize

Assessment procedure

Step 1: Quota utilization

Check current quota usage across all critical resource providers.

az vm list-usage --location <region> -o table
az network list-usages --location <region> -o table
az storage account list --query "length(@)"

Check for:

• vCPU quotas: Total and per-family (Dv5, Ev5, etc.) — flag if > 70% utilized
• Public IPs: Usage vs. limit
• Load balancers: Usage vs. limit
• Network interfaces: Usage vs. limit
• Storage accounts per subscription: Usage vs. 250 limit
• App Service plans per region
• AKS clusters per subscription

Build a quota utilization table. Use Unicode emoji characters directly (🟢🟡🔴) — never use emoji shortcodes like :green_circle: or :red_circle:.

Step 2: Compute capacity

Analyze current compute utilization and headroom.

1. VM utilization (last 14 days):

   • Average and P95 CPU across all VMs
   • Average and P95 memory (if available via Log Analytics)
   • Flag VMs consistently > 80% CPU or memory

2. App Service plan utilization:

   az appservice plan list --query "[].{name:name, sku:sku.name, workers:numberOfWorkers, maxWorkers:maximumElasticWorkerCount}" -o table
   

   • Current instance count vs. max
   • CPU/memory % of the plan
   • Autoscale rules and current headroom

3. AKS cluster capacity:

   az aks list --query "[].{name:name, nodeCount:agentPoolProfiles[0].count, maxCount:agentPoolProfiles[0].maxCount, vmSize:agentPoolProfiles[0].vmSize}" -o table
   

   • Node count vs. max count
   • Pod density per node
   • Cluster autoscaler configuration

4. Container Apps:

   • Current replicas vs. max replicas
   • Autoscale rules (HTTP concurrency, CPU, custom)

Step 3: Data layer capacity

1. SQL Database:

   • DTU/vCore utilization (avg and P95)
   • Storage usage vs. max size
   • Connection count vs. limit

2. Cosmos DB:

   • RU consumption vs. provisioned (or autoscale max)
   • Storage per container
   • 429 (throttling) rate from metrics

3. Redis Cache:

   • Memory usage %
   • Connection count vs. max
   • Server load %

4. Storage accounts:

   • Ingress/egress patterns
   • Transaction rates vs. limits
   • Blob count growth rate

Step 4: Networking capacity

1. ExpressRoute / VPN Gateway: Bandwidth utilization %
2. Application Gateway / Front Door: Connection count, throughput
3. NAT Gateway: SNAT port utilization
4. DNS zones: Query volume trends

Step 5: Growth projection

Based on the data collected:

1. Plot utilization trends for the last 90 days
2. Apply linear projection to estimate when each resource hits 80% and 100%
3. If the user specified a growth factor, multiply current usage and check against limits

Build a risk timeline:

Step 6: Quota increase requests

For any quota that needs increasing, generate the correct request command:

# Request a quota increase via the Azure portal Support + Troubleshooting flow,
# or use the REST API directly:
az rest --method patch \
  --url "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<sub-id>/providers/Microsoft.Capacity/resourceProviders/Microsoft.Compute/locations/<region>/serviceLimits/StandardDv5Family?api-version=2020-10-25" \
  --body '{"properties":{"limit":{"limitObjectType":"LimitValue","value":<new-limit>}}}'

Note: The az quota CLI extension is in preview and syntax may change. The REST API approach above is stable. Alternatively, guide users to submit quota requests via the Azure portal: Help + support > New support request > Service and subscription limits (quotas).

Step 7: Recommendations

For each risk identified:

1. Immediate: Quota increase requests, SKU upgrades
2. Short-term (1-2 weeks): Autoscale configuration, caching layers
3. Long-term: Architecture changes (sharding, async patterns, CDN)

Accepted exceptions (optional)

If the user provides a list of accepted exceptions, do not flag those items. Instead, note them in the report as Accepted Exception with the reason provided.

Example format the user may provide:

When exceptions are provided:

• Skip the flagged checks in scoring
• List them in a separate "Accepted Exceptions" section at the end of the report
• Recalculate the overall score excluding excepted checks

Expected output

Report header (mandatory — use this exact format)

Capacity Planning Report

Capacity summary

Risk matrix

Table with all resources, current utilization, projected utilization at specified growth factor, and recommended action.

Scaling runbook

Step-by-step actions to prepare for the expected load increase, ordered by priority and dependency.

Remediation guidance

For each capacity risk identified, include in the output:

1. The specific az CLI command to remediate (quota increase, scale-up, autoscale config)
2. Use GetAzCliHelp to validate the command syntax before suggesting
3. The official Microsoft Learn documentation link

References

• Quotas Overview: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/quotas/quotas-overview
• VM Sizes: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/sizes/overview
• Autoscale: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/autoscale/autoscale-overview
• App Service Scaling: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/app-service/manage-scale-up

Sample output

The following is a redacted example of what the report looks like when run against a subscription.

Capacity Planning Report

Capacity summary

Risk matrix (sample)

Scaling runbook (sample)

Remediation guidance (sample)

# Request vCPU quota increase via REST API
az rest --method patch \
  --url "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/a1b2c3d4-.../providers/Microsoft.Capacity/resourceProviders/Microsoft.Compute/locations/eastus/serviceLimits/StandardDv5Family?api-version=2020-10-25" \
  --body '{"properties":{"limit":{"limitObjectType":"LimitValue","value":200}}}'

# Scale up SQL Database
az sql db update --resource-group rg-data-prod --server sql-contoso-prod --name appdb --service-objective S4