Cloudkit Sync

CloudKit Sync Generator

Generate production-ready CloudKit sync infrastructure using CKSyncEngine (iOS 17+ / macOS 14+), the modern replacement for manual CKOperation chains.

When This Skill Activates

Use this skill when the user:

• Asks to "add iCloud sync" or "sync data across devices"
• Mentions "CloudKit", "CKSyncEngine", or "cloud sync"
• Wants to "share data between users" via iCloud
• Asks about "conflict resolution" for synced data
• Mentions "CKRecord", "CKShare", or "CKRecordZone"

Pre-Generation Checks

1. Project Context Detection

Before generating, ALWAYS check:

# Check deployment target (CKSyncEngine requires iOS 17+ / macOS 14+)
grep -r "platform" Package.swift 2>/dev/null || true
grep -r "IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET\|MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET" --include="*.pbxproj" | head -3

# Find existing CloudKit implementations
rg -l "CKSyncEngine\|CKContainer\|CKRecord\|CKOperation" --type swift | head -10

# Check for existing entitlements
find . -name "*.entitlements" -exec cat {} \; 2>/dev/null | grep -i "icloud"

# Check existing persistence layer
rg -l "@Model\|NSManagedObject\|PersistentModel" --type swift | head -5

# Check for existing sync infrastructure
rg "CKSyncEngineDelegate\|CKSubscription\|CKFetchRecordZoneChanges" --type swift | head -5

2. Compatibility Verification

CKSyncEngine requires:

• iOS 17.0+ / macOS 14.0+ / watchOS 10.0+ / tvOS 17.0+
• CloudKit entitlement
• Active iCloud account on device

If deployment target is below iOS 17 / macOS 14, warn the user that CKSyncEngine is not available and suggest either raising the target or using the older CKOperation approach (which this generator does not cover).

3. Conflict Detection

If existing CloudKit code is found:

• Ask: Replace existing implementation, extend it, or migrate to CKSyncEngine?

Configuration Questions

Ask user via AskUserQuestion:

1. What data needs syncing?

   • Provide your model types (e.g., Note, Task, Document)
   • What properties does each model have?

2. Database scope?

   • Private only (user's own data across their devices)
   • Private + Shared (enable CKShare for collaboration)

3. Conflict resolution strategy?

   • Server-wins (simplest -- always accept server version)
   • Client-wins (always push local version)
   • Timestamp-based merge (most recent modification wins)
   • Custom merge (field-level merge logic)

4. Existing persistence layer?

   • SwiftData (will generate CKRecord <-> SwiftData bridging)
   • Core Data (will generate CKRecord <-> NSManagedObject bridging)
   • Custom / in-memory (will generate standalone CKRecord mapping)
   • None yet (will generate lightweight local store + sync)

Generation Process

Step 1: Read Templates

Read code templates from this skill:

• templates.md - All CKSyncEngine code templates

Step 2: Create Core Files

Generate these files based on configuration:

Always generate:

Sources/CloudSync/
├── SyncEngine.swift              # CKSyncEngine setup + CKSyncEngineDelegate
├── SyncConfiguration.swift       # Zone names, container ID, database scope
├── RecordMapping.swift           # CKRecord <-> local model conversion
├── ConflictResolver.swift        # Conflict resolution strategy
├── SyncMonitor.swift             # Account status + sync state observation
└── CloudSyncError.swift          # Typed error handling with CKError mapping

If sharing enabled:

Sources/CloudSync/Sharing/
├── ShareManager.swift            # CKShare creation and management
└── ShareParticipantView.swift    # UICloudSharingController wrapper

Step 3: Determine File Location

Check project structure:

• If Sources/ exists -> Sources/CloudSync/
• If App/ exists -> App/CloudSync/
• Otherwise -> CloudSync/

Step 4: Customize for Project

Adapt templates to match:

• User's model types and property names
• Bundle identifier for CloudKit container ID
• Chosen conflict resolution strategy
• Database scope (private only vs. private + shared)

Step 5: Entitlements Setup

Generate or update entitlements file with required CloudKit capabilities.

Entitlements and Capabilities Setup

Required Xcode Capabilities

1. iCloud capability:

   • Check "CloudKit"
   • Add container: iCloud.com.<team-identifier>.<app-bundle-id>

2. Background Modes (recommended):

   • Check "Remote notifications" (for push-based sync triggers)

Required Entitlements

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>com.apple.developer.icloud-container-identifiers</key>
    <array>
        <string>iCloud.com.yourcompany.yourapp</string>
    </array>
    <key>com.apple.developer.icloud-services</key>
    <array>
        <string>CloudKit</string>
    </array>
</dict>
</plist>

CloudKit Dashboard Setup

1. Go to CloudKit Dashboard
2. Select your container
3. Record types are auto-created when you first save a CKRecord of that type during development
4. Deploy schema to production before App Store release
5. Indexes are required for queryable fields -- add them in the dashboard

Output Format

After generation, provide:

Files Created

Sources/CloudSync/
├── SyncEngine.swift              # CKSyncEngine + delegate implementation
├── SyncConfiguration.swift       # Container, zone, and scope config
├── RecordMapping.swift           # CKRecord <-> model bridging
├── ConflictResolver.swift        # Pluggable conflict resolution
├── SyncMonitor.swift             # Account status + sync state
├── CloudSyncError.swift          # Error types with CKError mapping
└── Sharing/                      # (if sharing enabled)
    ├── ShareManager.swift        # CKShare lifecycle
    └── ShareParticipantView.swift

Integration Steps

1. Initialize the sync engine at app launch:

@main
struct MyApp: App {
    @State private var syncEngine = SyncEngine()

    var body: some Scene {
        WindowGroup {
            ContentView()
                .environment(syncEngine)
                .task {
                    await syncEngine.start()
                }
        }
    }
}

2. Send local changes to CloudKit:

// After saving a local model
let recordID = CKRecord.ID(recordName: item.id.uuidString, zoneID: SyncConfiguration.zoneID)
syncEngine.addPendingChange(.saveRecord(recordID))

3. Handle incoming changes in your model layer:

The SyncEngine delegate methods automatically call RecordMapping to convert fetched CKRecord objects into your local model types and persist them.

4. Monitor sync status in the UI:

struct SyncStatusView: View {
    @Environment(SyncMonitor.self) private var syncMonitor

    var body: some View {
        HStack {
            if syncMonitor.isSyncing {
                ProgressView()
                Text("Syncing...")
            } else if let error = syncMonitor.lastError {
                Image(systemName: "exclamationmark.icloud")
                Text(error.localizedDescription)
            } else {
                Image(systemName: "checkmark.icloud")
                Text("Up to date")
            }
        }
    }
}

Testing

Use a separate CloudKit container for development:

#if DEBUG
let containerID = "iCloud.com.yourcompany.yourapp.dev"
#else
let containerID = "iCloud.com.yourcompany.yourapp"
#endif

Test account status handling:

@Test
func handlesNoAccountGracefully() async {
    let monitor = SyncMonitor()
    await monitor.handleAccountStatus(.noAccount)
    #expect(monitor.accountAvailable == false)
    #expect(monitor.lastError is CloudSyncError)
}

Test conflict resolution:

@Test
func serverWinsConflictResolution() {
    let resolver = ConflictResolver(strategy: .serverWins)
    let serverRecord = makeCKRecord(title: "Server Version", modifiedAt: .now)
    let clientRecord = makeCKRecord(title: "Client Version", modifiedAt: .distantPast)

    let resolved = resolver.resolve(server: serverRecord, client: clientRecord)
    #expect(resolved["title"] == "Server Version")
}

Verification Checklist

After generation, verify:

• App compiles without errors
• Entitlements file contains CloudKit container identifier
• CloudKit container exists in Apple Developer portal
• CKSyncEngine initializes without crash
• Local changes appear as pending record zone changes
• Fetched changes are converted to local models
• Conflict resolution behaves as configured
• Account status changes are observed and surfaced to UI
• (If sharing) CKShare can be created and participants added
• App handles offline gracefully (queues changes)
• App handles "no iCloud account" gracefully

Common Customizations

Adding a New Synced Model Type

1. Add CKRecord field mapping in RecordMapping.swift
2. Register the record zone in SyncConfiguration.swift (if using a separate zone)
3. Update nextRecordZoneChangeBatch() to include pending changes for the new type

Switching Conflict Resolution

// Change strategy without touching sync engine code
let resolver = ConflictResolver(strategy: .timestampMerge)
let config = SyncConfiguration(conflictResolver: resolver)

Adding Shared Database Support

1. Set databaseScope to include .shared in SyncConfiguration
2. Add ShareManager to handle CKShare lifecycle
3. Wrap UICloudSharingController for the sharing UI

Troubleshooting

Sync Not Working

1. Verify device is signed into iCloud (Settings > Apple Account)
2. Check entitlements match the CloudKit container identifier exactly
3. Confirm container exists in CloudKit Dashboard
4. Look for CKError logs in Console.app -- filter by "CloudKit"
5. Ensure CKSyncEngine is started (not just initialized)

"User Did Not Sign In" Error

• CKAccountStatus.noAccount -- prompt user to sign into iCloud
• CKAccountStatus.restricted -- parental controls or MDM restriction
• CKAccountStatus.temporarilyUnavailable -- retry after delay

Schema Deployment

• Development schema changes are automatic
• Production schema must be explicitly deployed from CloudKit Dashboard
• Schema changes in production are additive only (cannot remove fields)

Rate Limiting

• CloudKit has per-user rate limits
• CKError.requestRateLimited includes retryAfterSeconds in userInfo
• CKSyncEngine handles most retry logic automatically

References

• templates.md -- All code templates for CKSyncEngine infrastructure
• CKSyncEngine Documentation
• CloudKit Overview
• Sharing CloudKit Data
• CloudKit Dashboard