API Test Suite Builder

API Test Suite Builder

Tier: POWERFUL Category: Engineering Domain: Testing / API Quality

Overview

Scans API route definitions across frameworks (Next.js App Router, Express, FastAPI, Django REST) and auto-generates comprehensive test suites covering auth, input validation, error codes, pagination, file uploads, and rate limiting. Outputs ready-to-run test files for Vitest+Supertest (Node) or Pytest+httpx (Python).

Core Capabilities

• Route detection — scan source files to extract all API endpoints
• Auth coverage — valid/invalid/expired tokens, missing auth header
• Input validation — missing fields, wrong types, boundary values, injection attempts
• Error code matrix — 400/401/403/404/422/500 for each route
• Pagination — first/last/empty/oversized pages
• File uploads — valid, oversized, wrong MIME type, empty
• Rate limiting — burst detection, per-user vs global limits

When to Use

• New API added — generate test scaffold before writing implementation (TDD)
• Legacy API with no tests — scan and generate baseline coverage
• API contract review — verify existing tests match current route definitions
• Pre-release regression check — ensure all routes have at least smoke tests
• Security audit prep — generate adversarial input tests

Route Detection

Next.js App Router

# Find all route handlers
find ./app/api -name "route.ts" -o -name "route.js" | sort

# Extract HTTP methods from each route file
grep -rn "export async function\|export function" app/api/**/route.ts | \
  grep -oE "(GET|POST|PUT|PATCH|DELETE|HEAD|OPTIONS)" | sort -u

# Full route map
find ./app/api -name "route.ts" | while read f; do
  route=$(echo $f | sed 's|./app||' | sed 's|/route.ts||')
  methods=$(grep -oE "export (async )?function (GET|POST|PUT|PATCH|DELETE)" "$f" | \
    grep -oE "(GET|POST|PUT|PATCH|DELETE)")
  echo "$methods $route"
done

Express

# Find all router files
find ./src -name "*.ts" -o -name "*.js" | xargs grep -l "router\.\(get\|post\|put\|delete\|patch\)" 2>/dev/null

# Extract routes with line numbers
grep -rn "router\.\(get\|post\|put\|delete\|patch\)\|app\.\(get\|post\|put\|delete\|patch\)" \
  src/ --include="*.ts" | grep -oE "(get|post|put|delete|patch)\(['\"][^'\"]*['\"]"

# Generate route map
grep -rn "router\.\|app\." src/ --include="*.ts" | \
  grep -oE "\.(get|post|put|delete|patch)\(['\"][^'\"]+['\"]" | \
  sed "s/\.\(.*\)('\(.*\)'/\U\1 \2/"

FastAPI

# Find all route decorators
grep -rn "@app\.\|@router\." . --include="*.py" | \
  grep -E "@(app|router)\.(get|post|put|delete|patch)"

# Extract with path and function name
grep -rn "@\(app\|router\)\.\(get\|post\|put\|delete\|patch\)" . --include="*.py" | \
  grep -oE "@(app|router)\.(get|post|put|delete|patch)\(['\"][^'\"]*['\"]"

Django REST Framework

# urlpatterns extraction
grep -rn "path\|re_path\|url(" . --include="*.py" | grep "urlpatterns" -A 50 | \
  grep -E "path\(['\"]" | grep -oE "['\"][^'\"]+['\"]" | head -40

# ViewSet router registration
grep -rn "router\.register\|DefaultRouter\|SimpleRouter" . --include="*.py"

Test Generation Patterns

Auth Test Matrix

For every authenticated endpoint, generate:

Input Validation Matrix

For every POST/PUT/PATCH endpoint with a request body:

Example Test Files

Example 1 — Node.js: Vitest + Supertest (Next.js API Route)

// tests/api/users.test.ts
import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll } from 'vitest'
import request from 'supertest'
import { createServer } from '@/test/helpers/server'
import { generateJWT, generateExpiredJWT } from '@/test/helpers/auth'
import { createTestUser, cleanupTestUsers } from '@/test/helpers/db'

const app = createServer()

describe('GET /api/users/:id', () => {
  let validToken: string
  let adminToken: string
  let testUserId: string

  beforeAll(async () => {
    const user = await createTestUser({ role: 'user' })
    const admin = await createTestUser({ role: 'admin' })
    testUserId = user.id
    validToken = generateJWT(user)
    adminToken = generateJWT(admin)
  })

  afterAll(async () => {
    await cleanupTestUsers()
  })

  // --- Auth tests ---
  it('returns 401 with no auth header', async () => {
    const res = await request(app).get(`/api/users/${testUserId}`)
    expect(res.status).toBe(401)
    expect(res.body).toHaveProperty('error')
  })

  it('returns 401 with malformed token', async () => {
    const res = await request(app)
      .get(`/api/users/${testUserId}`)
      .set('Authorization', 'Bearer not-a-real-jwt')
    expect(res.status).toBe(401)
  })

  it('returns 401 with expired token', async () => {
    const expiredToken = generateExpiredJWT({ id: testUserId })
    const res = await request(app)
      .get(`/api/users/${testUserId}`)
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${expiredToken}`)
    expect(res.status).toBe(401)
    expect(res.body.error).toMatch(/expired/i)
  })

  it('returns 403 when accessing another user's profile without admin', async () => {
    const otherUser = await createTestUser({ role: 'user' })
    const otherToken = generateJWT(otherUser)
    const res = await request(app)
      .get(`/api/users/${testUserId}`)
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${otherToken}`)
    expect(res.status).toBe(403)
    await cleanupTestUsers([otherUser.id])
  })

  it('returns 200 with valid token for own profile', async () => {
    const res = await request(app)
      .get(`/api/users/${testUserId}`)
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${validToken}`)
    expect(res.status).toBe(200)
    expect(res.body).toMatchObject({ id: testUserId })
    expect(res.body).not.toHaveProperty('password')
    expect(res.body).not.toHaveProperty('hashedPassword')
  })

  it('returns 404 for non-existent user', async () => {
    const res = await request(app)
      .get('/api/users/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${adminToken}`)
    expect(res.status).toBe(404)
  })

  // --- Input validation ---
  it('returns 400 for invalid UUID format', async () => {
    const res = await request(app)
      .get('/api/users/not-a-uuid')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${adminToken}`)
    expect(res.status).toBe(400)
  })
})

describe('POST /api/users', () => {
  let adminToken: string

  beforeAll(async () => {
    const admin = await createTestUser({ role: 'admin' })
    adminToken = generateJWT(admin)
  })

  afterAll(cleanupTestUsers)

  // --- Input validation ---
  it('returns 422 when body is empty', async () => {
    const res = await request(app)
      .post('/api/users')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${adminToken}`)
      .send({})
    expect(res.status).toBe(422)
    expect(res.body.errors).toBeDefined()
  })

  it('returns 422 when email is missing', async () => {
    const res = await request(app)
      .post('/api/users')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${adminToken}`)
      .send({ name: 'Test User', role: 'user' })
    expect(res.status).toBe(422)
    expect(res.body.errors).toContainEqual(
      expect.objectContaining({ field: 'email' })
    )
  })

  it('returns 422 for invalid email format', async () => {
    const res = await request(app)
      .post('/api/users')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${adminToken}`)
      .send({ email: 'not-an-email', name: 'Test', role: 'user' })
    expect(res.status).toBe(422)
  })

  it('returns 422 for SQL injection attempt in email field', async () => {
    const res = await request(app)
      .post('/api/users')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${adminToken}`)
      .send({ email: "' OR '1'='1", name: 'Hacker', role: 'user' })
    expect(res.status).toBe(422)
  })

  it('returns 409 when email already exists', async () => {
    const existing = await createTestUser({ role: 'user' })
    const res = await request(app)
      .post('/api/users')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${adminToken}`)
      .send({ email: existing.email, name: 'Duplicate', role: 'user' })
    expect(res.status).toBe(409)
  })

  it('creates user successfully with valid data', async () => {
    const res = await request(app)
      .post('/api/users')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${adminToken}`)
      .send({ email: 'newuser@example.com', name: 'New User', role: 'user' })
    expect(res.status).toBe(201)
    expect(res.body).toHaveProperty('id')
    expect(res.body.email).toBe('newuser@example.com')
    expect(res.body).not.toHaveProperty('password')
  })
})

describe('GET /api/users (pagination)', () => {
  let adminToken: string

  beforeAll(async () => {
    const admin = await createTestUser({ role: 'admin' })
    adminToken = generateJWT(admin)
    // Create 15 test users for pagination
    await Promise.all(Array.from({ length: 15 }, (_, i) =>
      createTestUser({ email: `pagtest${i}@example.com` })
    ))
  })

  afterAll(cleanupTestUsers)

  it('returns first page with default limit', async () => {
    const res = await request(app)
      .get('/api/users')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${adminToken}`)
    expect(res.status).toBe(200)
    expect(res.body.data).toBeInstanceOf(Array)
    expect(res.body).toHaveProperty('total')
    expect(res.body).toHaveProperty('page')
    expect(res.body).toHaveProperty('pageSize')
  })

  it('returns empty array for page beyond total', async () => {
    const res = await request(app)
      .get('/api/users?page=9999')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${adminToken}`)
    expect(res.status).toBe(200)
    expect(res.body.data).toHaveLength(0)
  })

  it('returns 400 for negative page number', async () => {
    const res = await request(app)
      .get('/api/users?page=-1')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${adminToken}`)
    expect(res.status).toBe(400)
  })

  it('caps pageSize at maximum allowed value', async () => {
    const res = await request(app)
      .get('/api/users?pageSize=9999')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${adminToken}`)
    expect(res.status).toBe(200)
    expect(res.body.data.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100)
  })
})

Example 2 — Node.js: File Upload Tests

// tests/api/uploads.test.ts
import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
import request from 'supertest'
import path from 'path'
import fs from 'fs'
import { createServer } from '@/test/helpers/server'
import { generateJWT } from '@/test/helpers/auth'
import { createTestUser } from '@/test/helpers/db'

const app = createServer()

describe('POST /api/upload', () => {
  let validToken: string

  beforeAll(async () => {
    const user = await createTestUser({ role: 'user' })
    validToken = generateJWT(user)
  })

  it('returns 401 without authentication', async () => {
    const res = await request(app)
      .post('/api/upload')
      .attach('file', Buffer.from('test'), 'test.pdf')
    expect(res.status).toBe(401)
  })

  it('returns 400 when no file attached', async () => {
    const res = await request(app)
      .post('/api/upload')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${validToken}`)
    expect(res.status).toBe(400)
    expect(res.body.error).toMatch(/file/i)
  })

  it('returns 400 for unsupported file type (exe)', async () => {
    const res = await request(app)
      .post('/api/upload')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${validToken}`)
      .attach('file', Buffer.from('MZ fake exe'), { filename: 'virus.exe', contentType: 'application/octet-stream' })
    expect(res.status).toBe(400)
    expect(res.body.error).toMatch(/type|format|allowed/i)
  })

  it('returns 413 for oversized file (>10MB)', async () => {
    const largeBuf = Buffer.alloc(11 * 1024 * 1024) // 11MB
    const res = await request(app)
      .post('/api/upload')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${validToken}`)
      .attach('file', largeBuf, { filename: 'large.pdf', contentType: 'application/pdf' })
    expect(res.status).toBe(413)
  })

  it('returns 400 for empty file (0 bytes)', async () => {
    const res = await request(app)
      .post('/api/upload')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${validToken}`)
      .attach('file', Buffer.alloc(0), { filename: 'empty.pdf', contentType: 'application/pdf' })
    expect(res.status).toBe(400)
  })

  it('rejects MIME type spoofing (pdf extension but exe content)', async () => {
    // Real malicious file: exe magic bytes but pdf extension
    const fakeExe = Buffer.from('4D5A9000', 'hex') // MZ header
    const res = await request(app)
      .post('/api/upload')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${validToken}`)
      .attach('file', fakeExe, { filename: 'document.pdf', contentType: 'application/pdf' })
    // Should detect magic bytes mismatch
    expect([400, 415]).toContain(res.status)
  })

  it('accepts valid PDF file', async () => {
    const pdfHeader = Buffer.from('%PDF-1.4 test content')
    const res = await request(app)
      .post('/api/upload')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${validToken}`)
      .attach('file', pdfHeader, { filename: 'valid.pdf', contentType: 'application/pdf' })
    expect(res.status).toBe(200)
    expect(res.body).toHaveProperty('url')
    expect(res.body).toHaveProperty('id')
  })
})

Example 3 — Python: Pytest + httpx (FastAPI)

Read the detailed procedure and examples when working on this part of the task.

Generating Tests from Route Scan

When given a codebase, follow this process:

1. Scan routes using the detection commands above
2. Read each route handler to understand:
   • Expected request body schema
   • Auth requirements (middleware, decorators)
   • Return types and status codes
   • Business rules (ownership, role checks)
3. Generate test file per route group using the patterns above
4. Name tests descriptively: "returns 401 when token is expired" not "auth test 3"
5. Use factories/fixtures for test data — never hardcode IDs
6. Assert response shape, not just status code

Common Pitfalls

• Testing only happy paths — 80% of bugs live in error paths; test those first
• Hardcoded test data IDs — use factories/fixtures; IDs change between environments
• Shared state between tests — always clean up in afterEach/afterAll
• Testing implementation, not behavior — test what the API returns, not how it does it
• Missing boundary tests — off-by-one errors are extremely common in pagination and limits
• Not testing token expiry — expired tokens behave differently from invalid ones
• Ignoring Content-Type — test that API rejects wrong content types (xml when json expected)

Best Practices

1. One describe block per endpoint — keeps failures isolated and readable
2. Seed minimal data — don't load the entire DB; create only what the test needs
3. Use beforeAll for shared setup, afterAll for cleanup — not beforeEach for expensive ops
4. Assert specific error messages/fields, not just status codes
5. Test that sensitive fields (password, secret) are never in responses
6. For auth tests, always test the "missing header" case separately from "invalid token"
7. Add rate limit tests last — they can interfere with other test suites if run in parallel