Combinefeedback State Machine Testing

Testing CombineFeedback State Machines

Verifying a CombineFeedback machine means proving it honors its transition and invariant contract and arrives at the states a user would observe, with dependencies replaced by test doubles.

This skill is for agents helping library consumers; do not assume access to the CombineFeedback source repository.

If the work is about modeling state, events, reducers, or feedback lifecycles — not verifying them — defer to the companion skill combinefeedback-state-machines.

Core Stance: Test The Destination, Not The Journey

A test answers one question: given these events, did the system arrive at the state the user would see, and did it call the dependencies it should have?

• Destination, not journey. Assert the states that are real product requirements (a spinner appears, then data loads), not every intermediate transition. Tests stay readable and survive refactors of how the machine gets there.
• Side effects are asserted by test doubles. Substitute test doubles for dependencies using whatever injection approach the app already uses, and assert on them ("fetch was called once"). The harness asserts state; the double asserts calls.
• The contract is the spec. The design skill produces a transition/invariant contract. Tests verify that contract — they are not a transcript of the implementation.

Scope

Do not give SwiftUI/store-binding guidance or generic test-framework setup under this skill — both are out of scope.

Verify Before Compile-Ready Code

CombineFeedback APIs may vary by installed version. Before producing compile-ready tests in a consumer app, confirm the testing facility is available and inspect its surface. The destination-testing API ships in a separate product, CombineFeedbackTest, which the test target must depend on:

.testTarget(
  name: "MyFeatureTests",
  dependencies: [
    "MyFeature",
    .product(name: "CombineFeedbackTest", package: "CombineFeedback"),
  ]
)

Current primitives to expect:

• TestStore(initial:machine:): wraps the real Store and feedback loop.
• store.send(_ event:): drives the loop exactly as production would.
• await store.wait(timeout:until:): suspends until a state predicate holds; default timeout is short (≈100ms) and fails fast at the call site.
• store.state: the current state.
• Reducer is public with callAsFunction, so a reducer exposed as a property can be invoked directly and synchronously in a test.

If version details are uncertain, keep snippets conceptual and confirm the API against the installed package before presenting them as compile-ready.

Two Tiers Of Verification

Match the test to the thing being proven. Most machines want both tiers.

Tier 1 — Reducer Transition Tests (pure, synchronous, exhaustive)

The reducer is a pure (inout State, Event) -> Void. When the machine exposes it as a property, drive it directly: no async, no feedback, microsecond tests that can exhaustively cover the transition table.

func test_didLoad_appends_and_returns_to_idle() {
  var state = Movies.State(status: .loading)
  Movies.reducer(&state, .didLoad([Movie(id: 1)]))   // exposed as a property
  XCTAssertEqual(state.status, .idle)
  XCTAssertEqual(state.movies, [Movie(id: 1)])
}

Use Tier 1 to pin the transition table and reducer invariants from the design contract. It exercises only the reducer — never the feedback wiring — so it does not prove effects are connected correctly.

Exposing the reducer as a static/var property is the small encapsulation cost of getting this tier. If the consumer prefers not to expose it, fold those cases into Tier 2.

Tier 2 — TestStore Destination Tests (real loop, high fidelity)

TestStore drives the real Store and feedbacks, with the machine's dependencies replaced by test doubles. This is the only tier that catches mis-wired feedbacks (wrong key path, wrong event), which is where most real bugs live.

func test_fetchNext_loads_movies() async {
  let store = TestStore(
    initial: Movies.State(),
    machine: Movies(fetch: { page in [Movie(id: page)] })   // immediate stub
  )

  store.send(.fetchNext)
  await store.wait { $0.status == .idle && !$0.movies.isEmpty }

  XCTAssertEqual(store.state.movies, [Movie(id: 1)])
}

This example injects the double through the initializer for brevity. If the app resolves dependencies another way — a dependency container, a @Dependency-style property wrapper, an overridable global — substitute the double through that mechanism instead; the skill is agnostic to how injection happens.

wait completes the instant the predicate holds (microseconds with immediate stubs); the timeout only elapses when a machine never arrives — a real bug — and then reports a failure at the call site.

TestStore Workflow

1. Set up the machine with test doubles for its dependencies, using the app's existing injection approach. Use immediate stubs so the loop settles instantly; use spies when you need to assert calls.
2. send the event(s) under test.
3. wait { ... } for the user-observable destination state.
4. Assert on store.state for data, and on your test double for side effects.

Substitute Dependencies With Test Doubles

Establish the doubles up front, however the app injects dependencies — initializer parameters, a dependency container, a property wrapper. Do not swap behavior partway through a test. The example below injects through the initializer, but the principle holds for any injection mechanism.

let calls = LockedCount()
let store = TestStore(
  initial: Movies.State(),
  machine: Movies(fetch: { page in calls.increment(); return [Movie(id: page)] })
)

store.send(.fetchNext)
await store.wait { $0.status == .idle }
XCTAssertEqual(calls.value, 1)   // debounced/deduped exactly once

Ordered Waypoints When Order Is A Requirement

Sequential waits enforce order. Pin only the states that are genuine requirements ("a spinner must show before data"); unnamed intermediate states stay invisible and refactorable.

store.send(.fetchNext)
await store.wait { $0.status == .loading }   // the spinner must appear...
await store.wait { $0.status == .idle }      // ...before data lands

Time Is The Consumer's Concern

TestStore is clock-agnostic. For debounce / throttle / polling, the machine takes a scheduler or clock as one of its dependencies; in the test, supply a controllable one through the same injection mechanism and advance it. Advance before you await — a wait suspends the test, so any advance written after it never runs and the wait times out.

let scheduler = DispatchQueue.test
let store = TestStore(initial: .init(), machine: Search(fetch: ..., scheduler: scheduler.eraseToAnyScheduler()))

store.send(.queryChanged("swift"))
scheduler.advance(by: .milliseconds(300))          // advance BEFORE awaiting
await store.wait { !$0.results.isEmpty }

What To Test

• Destinations that are product requirements. The states a user observes: loaded data, empty state, error surfaced, form enabled/disabled.
• Invariants from the design contract. E.g. "work exists only when State.request is non-nil", "success and failure are mutually exclusive".
• Dependency interactions. Called the right number of times, with the right arguments, and not called when it should not be (e.g. debounce coalesced).
• Feedback wiring (Tier 2 only). Entering a state starts the effect; leaving it cancels/replaces the effect.

What Not To Test

• Every intermediate transition that is not itself a requirement. That couples the test to the implementation path and breaks on refactor.
• Feedback internals or scheduling mechanics. Assert the observable destination, not how many times a publisher ticked.
• Impossible states the type system already prevents. If the model makes a state unrepresentable, no test is needed for it.
• Real network, disk, or wall-clock time. Mock the dependency; inject the clock. A test that needs a real delay is a mis-designed test.

Failure Diagnostics

When a predicate is never satisfied before timeout, wait reports a test issue at the call site (surfacing in both XCTest and Swift Testing) with the last state and the observed trajectory, so it is clear where the machine got stuck:

wait(until:) timed out after 100ms — predicate never satisfied.
  Last state: Movies.State(status: .loading, movies: [])
  Observed trajectory:
    Movies.State(status: .idle, movies: [])
    Movies.State(status: .loading, movies: [])   ← stuck; the mock never resolved?

A stuck wait almost always means one of: the mock never returns, the feedback is wired to the wrong key path/event, or a scheduler was not advanced. Read the trajectory before changing the test — it usually names the bug.

Required Output Shape

When this skill is used to plan tests for a machine, end with a concise test plan containing these sections.

Tier 1 — Reducer Cases

List the transition-table rows worth pinning directly, and whether the reducer is exposed for direct invocation (or needs to be).

Tier 2 — Destination Scenarios

For each scenario: the event(s) sent, the destination predicate to wait for, and the state assertions afterward.

Scenario: first page loads
- send: .fetchNext
- wait: status == .idle && !movies.isEmpty
- assert: movies == [Movie(id: 1)]

Mocks And Spies

For each injected dependency: the stub behavior and what is asserted about its calls.

fetch: returns [Movie(id: page)] immediately; assert called exactly once.

Time Control

State whether the machine needs a test scheduler/clock and where it is injected.

Open Verification Questions

Ask only questions that change what is asserted, such as:

• Is "spinner before data" a real requirement (ordered waypoint) or incidental?
• Should a stale response after cancellation be ignored, and must a test prove it?
• Is the debounce window itself a contract worth a scheduler-advance test?

Traps To Avoid

• sleep/wait(for:)-style fixed delays instead of await store.wait { ... }.
• Using a long timeout to paper over a stuck machine — fix the wiring, not the budget.
• Treating a green Tier 1 reducer test as proof the feature works — feedback wiring stays unverified until a Tier 2 test exercises it.