Git Mastery

Git Mastery Skill

🛡️ Safety First Protocol

• Never force push to main / master / develop.
• Always use --force-with-lease instead of --force.
• Always create a backup branch before complex operations: git branch backup/feature-xyz-pre-rebase

Advanced Workflows

1. Automated Bug Hunting (Git Bisect)

Find the specific commit that introduced a bug.

# Start
git bisect start
git bisect bad              # Current version is broken
git bisect good <commit-sha> # Version that worked

# Automate with test script
git bisect run pytest tests/test_failing_feature.py

2. Interactive Interactive Rebase

Clean up commit history before merge.

git rebase -i HEAD~n

• squash: Combine commits.
• reword: Fix messages.
• dropped: Remove junk commits.

3. Log Analysis

Visualize branch topology.

git log --graph --oneline --decorate --all

4. Recovery (Reflog)

Recover "lost" commits after a bad reset/rebase.

git reflog
git reset --hard HEAD@{n}

5. Cherry Picking

Pick specific commits from other branches.

git cherry-pick <commit-sha>
# If valid conflict
git add .
git cherry-pick --continue

Commit Message Standard (Conventional Commits)

• feat: New feature
• fix: Bug fix
• docs: Documentation only
• style: Formatting (white-space, etc)
• refactor: Code change that neither fixes a bug nor adds a feature
• perf: Performance improvement
• test: Adding missing tests
• chore: Build process/auxiliary tools

Common Rationalizations

Rules

• MUST use --force-with-lease instead of --force for any force operation on a shared branch
• MUST create a backup branch before interactive rebase, reset --hard, or filter-repo: git branch backup/<name>-pre-rebase
• NEVER force-push to main, master, or develop — these are shared trunk branches by convention
• NEVER rewrite history that has already been pushed AND consumed by others — you will orphan their clones
• CRITICAL: the reflog is a 90-day safety net (gc.reflogExpire) — tag anything you want to keep longer. Do not rely on reflog for multi-month recovery.
• MANDATORY: commit messages follow Conventional Commits (feat:, fix:, docs:, refactor:, test:, chore:) — drift defeats automated changelog and release tooling

Gotchas

• git bisect relies on each commit being testable. Flaky tests corrupt the bisection silently — a flaky "bad" mark sends bisect down the wrong half. Run the test 3× at the boundary commits if flakiness is known.
• git cherry-pick <sha> of a merge commit fails without --mainline 1 (or 2). The error is cryptic ("commit is a merge but no -m option was given"); the fix is simple but non-obvious.
• git reflog entries expire by default in 90 days (gc.reflogExpire) and unreferenced commits get garbage-collected after 30 days (gc.reflogExpireUnreachable). Long-term recovery of "lost" commits from reflog is not guaranteed.
• git rebase -i --root is supposed to include the very first commit, but on shallow clones (--depth N) the "root" is the shallow boundary, not the actual initial commit. Run git fetch --unshallow before rebasing --root.
• git filter-branch is deprecated and slow (shell-based, re-forks per commit). Use git filter-repo for history rewriting — it is a separate tool (pip install git-filter-repo) but 100× faster and endorsed by the Git maintainers.
• git pull --rebase on a branch with unpushed merge commits rewrites those merges into linear history, silently losing the merge metadata. If a merge was intentional (e.g., to preserve feature-branch context), use git pull --no-rebase or set pull.ff=only globally.

When NOT to Load

• For simple commits on a ready branch — use /commit
• For opening a PR after commits are clean — use /pr
• For a specific failed operation needing root-cause analysis — use /debug on the git output
• For CI-specific git behavior (shallow clones, LFS on runners) — use /ci-cd-patterns
• For the in-repo .git/hooks/* content — this skill is user-facing Git; hook mechanics live in /hook-creator and install_git_hooks.py