Pptx

PPTX creation, editing, and analysis

🎯 Load Full PAI Context

Before starting any task with this skill, load complete PAI context:

read ~/.opencode/PAI/SKILL.md

This provides access to:

• Complete contact list (Angela, Bunny, Saša, Greg, team members)
• Stack preferences (TypeScript>Python, bun>npm, uv>pip)
• Security rules and repository safety protocols
• Response format requirements (structured emoji format)
• Voice IDs for agent routing (ElevenLabs)
• Personal preferences and operating instructions

🔀 When to Use This Sub-Skill

Explicit Triggers

Route to this sub-skill when user requests contain:

Creation Triggers:

• "create presentation", "new presentation", "make slides"
• "build PowerPoint", "generate pptx"
• "presentation from scratch"

Editing Triggers:

• "edit presentation", "modify slides", "update PowerPoint"
• "change slide content", "edit pptx"

Template Triggers:

• "use presentation template", "based on template"
• "apply template design", "template slides"

Design Triggers:

• "presentation design", "slide layout"
• "speaker notes", "add notes to slides"
• "pitch deck", "slide deck"

Contextual Triggers

Route to this sub-skill when:

• Working with .pptx files
• User mentions "PowerPoint"
• User mentions "pitch deck" or "slide deck"
• User mentions "keynote" (if exporting to pptx)
• Presentation-related file paths or operations

Workflow Routing

Once in this sub-skill, route to specific workflows:

Creation Workflow (html2pptx):

• "create presentation", "new slides", "build from scratch"
• No template mentioned
• → Read html2pptx.md completely, use html2pptx.js

Template Workflow:

• "use template", "based on template", "apply template"
• Existing pptx file to use as template
• → Follow rearrange/replace workflow with inventory.py

Editing Workflow (OOXML):

• "edit presentation", "modify existing slides"
• Need to change specific content in existing pptx
• → Read ooxml.md completely, use unpack/pack scripts

Text Extraction Workflow:

• "extract text", "read presentation", "what's in this pptx"
• → Use markitdown: python -m markitdown file.pptx

Visual Analysis Workflow:

• "show slides", "thumbnail grid", "preview slides"
• → Use thumbnail.py script for grid visualization

Speaker Notes Workflow:

• "add speaker notes", "presenter notes"
• → Use OOXML workflow, edit notesSlide{N}.xml files

Overview

A user may ask you to create, edit, or analyze the contents of a .pptx file. A .pptx file is essentially a ZIP archive containing XML files and other resources that you can read or edit. You have different tools and workflows available for different tasks.

Reading and analyzing content

Text extraction

If you just need to read the text contents of a presentation, you should convert the document to markdown:

# Convert document to markdown
python -m markitdown path-to-file.pptx

Raw XML access

You need raw XML access for: comments, speaker notes, slide layouts, animations, design elements, and complex formatting. For any of these features, you'll need to unpack a presentation and read its raw XML contents.

Unpacking a file

python ooxml/Scripts/unpack.py <office_file> <output_dir>

Note: The unpack.py script is located at skills/pptx/ooxml/Scripts/unpack.py relative to the project root. If the script doesn't exist at this path, use find . -name "unpack.py" to locate it.

Key file structures

• ppt/presentation.xml - Main presentation metadata and slide references
• ppt/slides/slide{N}.xml - Individual slide contents (slide1.xml, slide2.xml, etc.)
• ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide{N}.xml - Speaker notes for each slide
• ppt/comments/modernComment_*.xml - Comments for specific slides
• ppt/slideLayouts/ - Layout templates for slides
• ppt/slideMasters/ - Master slide templates
• ppt/theme/ - Theme and styling information
• ppt/media/ - Images and other media files

Typography and color extraction

When given an example design to emulate: Always analyze the presentation's typography and colors first using the methods below:

1. Read theme file: Check ppt/theme/theme1.xml for colors (<a:clrScheme>) and fonts (<a:fontScheme>)
2. Sample slide content: Examine ppt/slides/slide1.xml for actual font usage (<a:rPr>) and colors
3. Search for patterns: Use grep to find color (<a:solidFill>, <a:srgbClr>) and font references across all XML files

Creating a new PowerPoint presentation without a template

When creating a new PowerPoint presentation from scratch, use the html2pptx workflow to convert HTML slides to PowerPoint with accurate positioning.

Design Principles

CRITICAL: Before creating any presentation, analyze the content and choose appropriate design elements:

1. Consider the subject matter: What is this presentation about? What tone, industry, or mood does it suggest?
2. Check for branding: If the user mentions a company/organization, consider their brand colors and identity
3. Match palette to content: Select colors that reflect the subject
4. State your approach: Explain your design choices before writing code

Requirements:

• ✅ State your content-informed design approach BEFORE writing code
• ✅ Use web-safe fonts only: Arial, Helvetica, Times New Roman, Georgia, Courier New, Verdana, Tahoma, Trebuchet MS, Impact
• ✅ Create clear visual hierarchy through size, weight, and color
• ✅ Ensure readability: strong contrast, appropriately sized text, clean alignment
• ✅ Be consistent: repeat patterns, spacing, and visual language across slides

Color Palette Selection

Choosing colors creatively:

• Think beyond defaults: What colors genuinely match this specific topic? Avoid autopilot choices.
• Consider multiple angles: Topic, industry, mood, energy level, target audience, brand identity (if mentioned)
• Be adventurous: Try unexpected combinations - a healthcare presentation doesn't have to be green, finance doesn't have to be navy
• Build your palette: Pick 3-5 colors that work together (dominant colors + supporting tones + accent)
• Ensure contrast: Text must be clearly readable on backgrounds

Example color palettes (use these to spark creativity - choose one, adapt it, or create your own):

1. Classic Blue: Deep navy (#1C2833), slate gray (#2E4053), silver (#AAB7B8), off-white (#F4F6F6)
2. Teal & Coral: Teal (#5EA8A7), deep teal (#277884), coral (#FE4447), white (#FFFFFF)
3. Bold Red: Red (#C0392B), bright red (#E74C3C), orange (#F39C12), yellow (#F1C40F), green (#2ECC71)
4. Warm Blush: Mauve (#A49393), blush (#EED6D3), rose (#E8B4B8), cream (#FAF7F2)
5. Burgundy Luxury: Burgundy (#5D1D2E), crimson (#951233), rust (#C15937), gold (#997929)
6. Deep Purple & Emerald: Purple (#B165FB), dark blue (#181B24), emerald (#40695B), white (#FFFFFF)
7. Cream & Forest Green: Cream (#FFE1C7), forest green (#40695B), white (#FCFCFC)
8. Pink & Purple: Pink (#F8275B), coral (#FF574A), rose (#FF737D), purple (#3D2F68)
9. Lime & Plum: Lime (#C5DE82), plum (#7C3A5F), coral (#FD8C6E), blue-gray (#98ACB5)
10. Black & Gold: Gold (#BF9A4A), black (#000000), cream (#F4F6F6)
11. Sage & Terracotta: Sage (#87A96B), terracotta (#E07A5F), cream (#F4F1DE), charcoal (#2C2C2C)
12. Charcoal & Red: Charcoal (#292929), red (#E33737), light gray (#CCCBCB)
13. Vibrant Orange: Orange (#F96D00), light gray (#F2F2F2), charcoal (#222831)
14. Forest Green: Black (#191A19), green (#4E9F3D), dark green (#1E5128), white (#FFFFFF)
15. Retro Rainbow: Purple (#722880), pink (#D72D51), orange (#EB5C18), amber (#F08800), gold (#DEB600)
16. Vintage Earthy: Mustard (#E3B448), sage (#CBD18F), forest green (#3A6B35), cream (#F4F1DE)
17. Coastal Rose: Old rose (#AD7670), beaver (#B49886), eggshell (#F3ECDC), ash gray (#BFD5BE)
18. Orange & Turquoise: Light orange (#FC993E), grayish turquoise (#667C6F), white (#FCFCFC)

Visual Details Options

Geometric Patterns:

• Diagonal section dividers instead of horizontal
• Asymmetric column widths (30/70, 40/60, 25/75)
• Rotated text headers at 90° or 270°
• Circular/hexagonal frames for images
• Triangular accent shapes in corners
• Overlapping shapes for depth

Border & Frame Treatments:

• Thick single-color borders (10-20pt) on one side only
• Double-line borders with contrasting colors
• Corner brackets instead of full frames
• L-shaped borders (top+left or bottom+right)
• Underline accents beneath headers (3-5pt thick)

Typography Treatments:

• Extreme size contrast (72pt headlines vs 11pt body)
• All-caps headers with wide letter spacing
• Numbered sections in oversized display type
• Monospace (Courier New) for data/stats/technical content
• Condensed fonts (Arial Narrow) for dense information
• Outlined text for emphasis

Chart & Data Styling:

• Monochrome charts with single accent color for key data
• Horizontal bar charts instead of vertical
• Dot plots instead of bar charts
• Minimal gridlines or none at all
• Data labels directly on elements (no legends)
• Oversized numbers for key metrics

Layout Innovations:

• Full-bleed images with text overlays
• Sidebar column (20-30% width) for navigation/context
• Modular grid systems (3×3, 4×4 blocks)
• Z-pattern or F-pattern content flow
• Floating text boxes over colored shapes
• Magazine-style multi-column layouts

Background Treatments:

• Solid color blocks occupying 40-60% of slide
• Gradient fills (vertical or diagonal only)
• Split backgrounds (two colors, diagonal or vertical)
• Edge-to-edge color bands
• Negative space as a design element

Layout Tips

When creating slides with charts or tables:

• Two-column layout (PREFERRED): Use a header spanning the full width, then two columns below - text/bullets in one column and the featured content in the other. This provides better balance and makes charts/tables more readable. Use flexbox with unequal column widths (e.g., 40%/60% split) to optimize space for each content type.
• Full-slide layout: Let the featured content (chart/table) take up the entire slide for maximum impact and readability
• NEVER vertically stack: Do not place charts/tables below text in a single column - this causes poor readability and layout issues

Workflow

1. MANDATORY - READ ENTIRE FILE: Read html2pptx.md completely from start to finish. NEVER set any range limits when reading this file. Read the full file content for detailed syntax, critical formatting rules, and best practices before proceeding with presentation creation.
2. Create an HTML file for each slide with proper dimensions (e.g., 720pt × 405pt for 16:9)
   • Use <p>, <h1>-<h6>, <ul>, <ol> for all text content
   • Use class="placeholder" for areas where charts/tables will be added (render with gray background for visibility)
   • CRITICAL: Rasterize gradients and icons as PNG images FIRST using Sharp, then reference in HTML
   • LAYOUT: For slides with charts/tables/images, use either full-slide layout or two-column layout for better readability
3. Create and run a JavaScript file using the html2pptx.js library to convert HTML slides to PowerPoint and save the presentation
   • Use the html2pptx() function to process each HTML file
   • Add charts and tables to placeholder areas using PptxGenJS API
   • Save the presentation using pptx.writeFile()
4. Visual validation: Generate thumbnails and inspect for layout issues
   • Create thumbnail grid: python scripts/thumbnail.py output.pptx workspace/thumbnails --cols 4
   • Read and carefully examine the thumbnail image for:
     • Text cutoff: Text being cut off by header bars, shapes, or slide edges
     • Text overlap: Text overlapping with other text or shapes
     • Positioning issues: Content too close to slide boundaries or other elements
     • Contrast issues: Insufficient contrast between text and backgrounds
   • If issues found, adjust HTML margins/spacing/colors and regenerate the presentation
   • Repeat until all slides are visually correct

Editing an existing PowerPoint presentation

When edit slides in an existing PowerPoint presentation, you need to work with the raw Office Open XML (OOXML) format. This involves unpacking the .pptx file, editing the XML content, and repacking it.

Workflow

1. MANDATORY - READ ENTIRE FILE: Read ooxml.md (~500 lines) completely from start to finish. NEVER set any range limits when reading this file. Read the full file content for detailed guidance on OOXML structure and editing workflows before any presentation editing.
2. Unpack the presentation: python ooxml/Scripts/unpack.py <office_file> <output_dir>
3. Edit the XML files (primarily ppt/slides/slide{N}.xml and related files)
4. CRITICAL: Validate immediately after each edit and fix any validation errors before proceeding: python ooxml/Scripts/validate.py <dir> --original <file>
5. Pack the final presentation: python ooxml/Scripts/pack.py <input_directory> <office_file>

Creating a new PowerPoint presentation using a template

When you need to create a presentation that follows an existing template's design, you'll need to duplicate and re-arrange template slides before then replacing placeholder context.

Workflow

1. Extract template text AND create visual thumbnail grid:

   • Extract text: python -m markitdown template.pptx > template-content.md
   • Read template-content.md: Read the entire file to understand the contents of the template presentation. NEVER set any range limits when reading this file.
   • Create thumbnail grids: python scripts/thumbnail.py template.pptx
   • See Creating Thumbnail Grids section for more details

2. Analyze template and save inventory to a file:

   • Visual Analysis: Review thumbnail grid(s) to understand slide layouts, design patterns, and visual structure
   • Create and save a template inventory file at template-inventory.md containing:

     # Template Inventory Analysis
     **Total Slides: [count]**
     **IMPORTANT: Slides are 0-indexed (first slide = 0, last slide = count-1)**
     
     ## [Category Name]
     - Slide 0: [Layout code if available] - Description/purpose
     - Slide 1: [Layout code] - Description/purpose
     - Slide 2: [Layout code] - Description/purpose
     [... EVERY slide must be listed individually with its index ...]
     

   • Using the thumbnail grid: Reference the visual thumbnails to identify:
     • Layout patterns (title slides, content layouts, section dividers)
     • Image placeholder locations and counts
     • Design consistency across slide groups
     • Visual hierarchy and structure
   • This inventory file is REQUIRED for selecting appropriate templates in the next step

3. Create presentation outline based on template inventory:

   • Review available templates from step 2.
   • Choose an intro or title template for the first slide. This should be one of the first templates.
   • Choose safe, text-based layouts for the other slides.
   • CRITICAL: Match layout structure to actual content:
     • Single-column layouts: Use for unified narrative or single topic
     • Two-column layouts: Use ONLY when you have exactly 2 distinct items/concepts
     • Three-column layouts: Use ONLY when you have exactly 3 distinct items/concepts
     • Image + text layouts: Use ONLY when you have actual images to insert
     • Quote layouts: Use ONLY for actual quotes from people (with attribution), never for emphasis
     • Never use layouts with more placeholders than you have content
     • If you have 2 items, don't force them into a 3-column layout
     • If you have 4+ items, consider breaking into multiple slides or using a list format
   • Count your actual content pieces BEFORE selecting the layout
   • Verify each placeholder in the chosen layout will be filled with meaningful content
   • Select one option representing the best layout for each content section.
   • Save outline.md with content AND template mapping that leverages available designs
   • Example template mapping:

     # Template slides to use (0-based indexing)
     # WARNING: Verify indices are within range! Template with 73 slides has indices 0-72
     # Mapping: slide numbers from outline -> template slide indices
     template_mapping = [
         0,   # Use slide 0 (Title/Cover)
         34,  # Use slide 34 (B1: Title and body)
         34,  # Use slide 34 again (duplicate for second B1)
         50,  # Use slide 50 (E1: Quote)
         54,  # Use slide 54 (F2: Closing + Text)
     ]
     

4. Duplicate, reorder, and delete slides using rearrange.py:

   • Use the scripts/rearrange.py script to create a new presentation with slides in the desired order:

     python scripts/rearrange.py template.pptx working.pptx 0,34,34,50,52
     

   • The script handles duplicating repeated slides, deleting unused slides, and reordering automatically
   • Slide indices are 0-based (first slide is 0, second is 1, etc.)
   • The same slide index can appear multiple times to duplicate that slide

5. Extract ALL text using the inventory.py script:

   • Run inventory extraction:

     python scripts/inventory.py working.pptx text-inventory.json
     

   • Read text-inventory.json: Read the entire text-inventory.json file to understand all shapes and their properties. NEVER set any range limits when reading this file.

   • The inventory JSON structure:

       {
         "slide-0": {
           "shape-0": {
             "placeholder_type": "TITLE",  // or null for non-placeholders
             "left": 1.5,                  // position in inches
             "top": 2.0,
             "width": 7.5,
             "height": 1.2,
             "paragraphs": [
               {
                 "text": "Paragraph text",
                 // Optional properties (only included when non-default):
                 "bullet": true,           // explicit bullet detected
                 "level": 0,               // only included when bullet is true
                 "alignment": "CENTER",    // CENTER, RIGHT (not LEFT)
                 "space_before": 10.0,     // space before paragraph in points
                 "space_after": 6.0,       // space after paragraph in points
                 "line_spacing": 22.4,     // line spacing in points
                 "font_name": "Arial",     // from first run
                 "font_size": 14.0,        // in points
                 "bold": true,
                 "italic": false,
                 "underline": false,
                 "color": "FF0000"         // RGB color
               }
             ]
           }
         }
       }
     

   • Key features:

     • Slides: Named as "slide-0", "slide-1", etc.
     • Shapes: Ordered by visual position (top-to-bottom, left-to-right) as "shape-0", "shape-1", etc.
     • Placeholder types: TITLE, CENTER_TITLE, SUBTITLE, BODY, OBJECT, or null
     • Default font size: default_font_size in points extracted from layout placeholders (when available)
     • Slide numbers are filtered: Shapes with SLIDE_NUMBER placeholder type are automatically excluded from inventory
     • Bullets: When bullet: true, level is always included (even if 0)
     • Spacing: space_before, space_after, and line_spacing in points (only included when set)
     • Colors: color for RGB (e.g., "FF0000"), theme_color for theme colors (e.g., "DARK_1")
     • Properties: Only non-default values are included in the output

6. Generate replacement text and save the data to a JSON file Based on the text inventory from the previous step:

   • CRITICAL: First verify which shapes exist in the inventory - only reference shapes that are actually present
   • VALIDATION: The replace.py script will validate that all shapes in your replacement JSON exist in the inventory
     • If you reference a non-existent shape, you'll get an error showing available shapes
     • If you reference a non-existent slide, you'll get an error indicating the slide doesn't exist
     • All validation errors are shown at once before the script exits
   • IMPORTANT: The replace.py script uses inventory.py internally to identify ALL text shapes
   • AUTOMATIC CLEARING: ALL text shapes from the inventory will be cleared unless you provide "paragraphs" for them
   • Add a "paragraphs" field to shapes that need content (not "replacement_paragraphs")
   • Shapes without "paragraphs" in the replacement JSON will have their text cleared automatically
   • Paragraphs with bullets will be automatically left aligned. Don't set the alignment property on when "bullet": true
   • Generate appropriate replacement content for placeholder text
   • Use shape size to determine appropriate content length
   • CRITICAL: Include paragraph properties from the original inventory - don't just provide text
   • IMPORTANT: When bullet: true, do NOT include bullet symbols (•, -, *) in text - they're added automatically
   • ESSENTIAL FORMATTING RULES:
     • Headers/titles should typically have "bold": true
     • List items should have "bullet": true, "level": 0 (level is required when bullet is true)
     • Preserve any alignment properties (e.g., "alignment": "CENTER" for centered text)
     • Include font properties when different from default (e.g., "font_size": 14.0, "font_name": "Lora")
     • Colors: Use "color": "FF0000" for RGB or "theme_color": "DARK_1" for theme colors
     • The replacement script expects properly formatted paragraphs, not just text strings
     • Overlapping shapes: Prefer shapes with larger default_font_size or more appropriate placeholder_type
   • Save the updated inventory with replacements to replacement-text.json
   • WARNING: Different template layouts have different shape counts - always check the actual inventory before creating replacements

   Example paragraphs field showing proper formatting:

   "paragraphs": [
     {
       "text": "New presentation title text",
       "alignment": "CENTER",
       "bold": true
     },
     {
       "text": "Section Header",
       "bold": true
     },
     {
       "text": "First bullet point without bullet symbol",
       "bullet": true,
       "level": 0
     },
     {
       "text": "Red colored text",
       "color": "FF0000"
     },
     {
       "text": "Theme colored text",
       "theme_color": "DARK_1"
     },
     {
       "text": "Regular paragraph text without special formatting"
     }
   ]
   

   Shapes not listed in the replacement JSON are automatically cleared:

   {
     "slide-0": {
       "shape-0": {
         "paragraphs": [...] // This shape gets new text
       }
       // shape-1 and shape-2 from inventory will be cleared automatically
     }
   }
   

   Common formatting patterns for presentations:

   • Title slides: Bold text, sometimes centered
   • Section headers within slides: Bold text
   • Bullet lists: Each item needs "bullet": true, "level": 0
   • Body text: Usually no special properties needed
   • Quotes: May have special alignment or font properties

7. Apply replacements using the replace.py script

   python scripts/replace.py working.pptx replacement-text.json output.pptx
   

   The script will:

   • First extract the inventory of ALL text shapes using functions from inventory.py
   • Validate that all shapes in the replacement JSON exist in the inventory
   • Clear text from ALL shapes identified in the inventory
   • Apply new text only to shapes with "paragraphs" defined in the replacement JSON
   • Preserve formatting by applying paragraph properties from the JSON
   • Handle bullets, alignment, font properties, and colors automatically
   • Save the updated presentation

   Example validation errors:

   ERROR: Invalid shapes in replacement JSON:
     - Shape 'shape-99' not found on 'slide-0'. Available shapes: shape-0, shape-1, shape-4
     - Slide 'slide-999' not found in inventory
   

   ERROR: Replacement text made overflow worse in these shapes:
     - slide-0/shape-2: overflow worsened by 1.25" (was 0.00", now 1.25")
   

Creating Thumbnail Grids

To create visual thumbnail grids of PowerPoint slides for quick analysis and reference:

python scripts/thumbnail.py template.pptx [output_prefix]

Features:

• Creates: thumbnails.jpg (or thumbnails-1.jpg, thumbnails-2.jpg, etc. for large decks)
• Default: 5 columns, max 30 slides per grid (5×6)
• Custom prefix: python scripts/thumbnail.py template.pptx my-grid
  • Note: The output prefix should include the path if you want output in a specific directory (e.g., workspace/my-grid)
• Adjust columns: --cols 4 (range: 3-6, affects slides per grid)
• Grid limits: 3 cols = 12 slides/grid, 4 cols = 20, 5 cols = 30, 6 cols = 42
• Slides are zero-indexed (Slide 0, Slide 1, etc.)

Use cases:

• Template analysis: Quickly understand slide layouts and design patterns
• Content review: Visual overview of entire presentation
• Navigation reference: Find specific slides by their visual appearance
• Quality check: Verify all slides are properly formatted

Examples:

# Basic usage
python scripts/thumbnail.py presentation.pptx

# Combine options: custom name, columns
python scripts/thumbnail.py template.pptx analysis --cols 4

Converting Slides to Images

To visually analyze PowerPoint slides, convert them to images using a two-step process:

1. Convert PPTX to PDF:

   soffice --headless --convert-to pdf template.pptx
   

2. Convert PDF pages to JPEG images:

   pdftoppm -jpeg -r 150 template.pdf slide
   

   This creates files like slide-1.jpg, slide-2.jpg, etc.

Options:

• -r 150: Sets resolution to 150 DPI (adjust for quality/size balance)
• -jpeg: Output JPEG format (use -png for PNG if preferred)
• -f N: First page to convert (e.g., -f 2 starts from page 2)
• -l N: Last page to convert (e.g., -l 5 stops at page 5)
• slide: Prefix for output files

Example for specific range:

pdftoppm -jpeg -r 150 -f 2 -l 5 template.pdf slide  # Converts only pages 2-5

Code Style Guidelines

IMPORTANT: When generating code for PPTX operations:

• Write concise code
• Avoid verbose variable names and redundant operations
• Avoid unnecessary print statements

Examples

Example 1: Create a presentation from scratch

User: "Make a pitch deck for my startup idea"
→ Reads html2pptx.md for syntax
→ Creates HTML slides with proper styling and layout
→ Converts to PowerPoint, validates with thumbnails

Example 2: Use a template

User: "Create slides using this company template"
→ Extracts template inventory with thumbnail grid
→ Maps content to appropriate slide layouts
→ Replaces placeholder text, preserves formatting

Example 3: Add speaker notes to existing deck

User: "Add speaker notes to my presentation"
→ Unpacks PPTX, navigates to notesSlide XML files
→ Adds notes content to each slide
→ Repacks and validates the presentation

Dependencies

Required dependencies (should already be installed):

• markitdown: pip install "markitdown[pptx]" (for text extraction from presentations)
• pptxgenjs: npm install -g pptxgenjs (for creating presentations via html2pptx)
• playwright: npm install -g playwright (for HTML rendering in html2pptx)
• react-icons: npm install -g react-icons react react-dom (for icons)
• sharp: npm install -g sharp (for SVG rasterization and image processing)
• LibreOffice: sudo apt-get install libreoffice (for PDF conversion)
• Poppler: sudo apt-get install poppler-utils (for pdftoppm to convert PDF to images)
• defusedxml: pip install defusedxml (for secure XML parsing)