App Implement Feature

Implement Feature

Implement features using architecture-first design, TDD, rich domain models, and Swift 6.2 patterns.

Workflow Overview

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  1. ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (Required - User Approval Needed)   │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  • Analyze requirements                                      │
│  • Create component diagram                                  │
│  • Show data flow and interactions                           │
│  • Present to user for review                                │
│  • Wait for approval before proceeding                       │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                            │
                            ▼ (User Approves)
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  2. TDD IMPLEMENTATION                                       │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  • Domain model tests → Domain models                        │
│  • Infrastructure tests → Implementations                    │
│  • Integration and views                                     │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Phase 0: Architecture Design (MANDATORY)

Before writing any code, create an architecture diagram and get user approval.

Step 1: Analyze Requirements

Identify:

• What new models/types are needed
• Which existing components will be modified
• Data flow between components
• External dependencies (APIs, databases, CLI tools)

Step 2: Create Architecture Diagram

Use ASCII diagram showing all components and their interactions:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                           ARCHITECTURE                               │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                      │
│  ┌─────────────┐     ┌──────────────────┐     ┌──────────────────┐  │
│  │  External   │     │  Infrastructure  │     │     Domain       │  │
│  └─────────────┘     └──────────────────┘     └──────────────────┘  │
│                                                                      │
│  ┌─────────────┐     ┌──────────────────┐     ┌──────────────────┐  │
│  │  API/DB     │────▶│  Repository/     │────▶│  DomainModel     │  │
│  │  (external) │     │  Client          │     │  (rich behavior) │  │
│  └─────────────┘     └──────────────────┘     └──────────────────┘  │
│                              │                         │             │
│                              │                         ▼             │
│                              │              ┌──────────────────┐     │
│                              │              │  DomainService   │     │
│                              └─────────────▶│  (actor)         │     │
│                                             └──────────────────┘     │
│                                                       │              │
│                                                       ▼              │
│                              ┌──────────────────────────────────┐   │
│                              │  App Layer                        │   │
│                              │  ┌────────────────────────────┐   │   │
│                              │  │ SwiftUI Views              │   │   │
│                              │  └────────────────────────────┘   │   │
│                              └──────────────────────────────────┘   │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Step 3: Document Component Interactions

List each component with:

• Purpose: What it does
• Inputs: What it receives
• Outputs: What it produces
• Dependencies: What it needs

| Component       | Purpose              | Inputs         | Outputs        | Dependencies   |
|-----------------|----------------------|----------------|----------------|----------------|
| UserRepository  | Fetch user data      | userId         | User           | NetworkClient  |
| OrderService    | Manage order logic   | Order, User    | OrderResult    | UserRepository |

Step 4: Present for User Approval

IMPORTANT: Always ask user to review the architecture before implementing.

Use AskUserQuestion tool with options:

• "Approve - proceed with implementation"
• "Modify - I have feedback on the design"

Do NOT proceed to Phase 1 until user explicitly approves.

Core Principles

1. Rich Domain Models (User's Mental Model)

Domain models encapsulate behavior, not just data:

// Rich domain model with behavior
public struct Order: Sendable, Equatable {
    public let items: [OrderItem]
    public let status: OrderStatus

    // Domain behavior - computed from state
    public var totalAmount: Decimal {
        items.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.subtotal }
    }

    public var canBeCancelled: Bool {
        [.pending, .processing].contains(status)
    }

    public var itemCount: Int { items.count }
}

2. Swift 6.2 Patterns (No ViewModel Layer)

Views consume domain models directly:

// Views consume domain directly - NO ViewModel layer
struct OrderListView: View {
    let orders: [Order]

    var body: some View {
        ForEach(orders, id: \.id) { order in
            OrderRow(order: order)
        }
    }
}

struct OrderRow: View {
    let order: Order  // Domain model directly

    var body: some View {
        HStack {
            Text(order.status.displayName)
            Spacer()
            Text(order.totalAmount, format: .currency(code: "USD"))
        }
    }
}

3. Protocol-Based DI with @Mockable

@Mockable
public protocol OrderRepository: Sendable {
    func fetch(id: OrderId) async throws -> Order
    func save(_ order: Order) async throws
}

@Mockable
public protocol NetworkClient: Sendable {
    func request<T: Decodable>(_ endpoint: Endpoint) async throws -> T
}

Architecture

Key patterns:

• Repository Pattern - Abstract data access behind protocols
• Protocol-Based DI - @Mockable for testing
• Chicago School TDD - Test state, not interactions
• No ViewModel layer - Views consume domain directly

TDD Workflow (Chicago School)

We follow Chicago school TDD (state-based testing):

• Test state changes and return values, not interactions
• Focus on the "what" (observable outcomes), not the "how" (method calls)
• Mocks stub dependencies to return data, not to verify calls
• Design emerges from tests (emergent design)

Phase 1: Domain Model Tests

Test state and computed properties:

@Suite
struct OrderTests {
    @Test func `order computes total from items`() {
        // Given
        let order = Order(items: [
            OrderItem(price: 10, quantity: 2),
            OrderItem(price: 5, quantity: 1)
        ], status: .pending)

        // When/Then
        #expect(order.totalAmount == 25)
    }

    @Test func `pending order can be cancelled`() {
        // Given
        let order = Order(items: [], status: .pending)

        // When/Then
        #expect(order.canBeCancelled == true)
    }

    @Test func `shipped order cannot be cancelled`() {
        // Given
        let order = Order(items: [], status: .shipped)

        // When/Then
        #expect(order.canBeCancelled == false)
    }
}

Phase 2: Infrastructure Tests

Stub dependencies to return data, assert on resulting state:

@Suite
struct OrderServiceTests {
    @Test func `service returns order on success`() async throws {
        // Given - stub dependency to return data (not verify calls)
        let mockRepo = MockOrderRepository()
        let expectedOrder = Order(items: [], status: .pending)
        given(mockRepo).fetch(id: any()).willReturn(expectedOrder)

        let service = OrderService(repository: mockRepo)

        // When
        let result = try await service.getOrder(id: "123")

        // Then - verify returned state, not interactions
        #expect(result.status == .pending)
    }
}

Phase 3: Integration

Wire up in app entry point and create views.

References

• Architecture diagram patterns - ASCII diagram examples
• Swift 6.2 @Observable patterns
• Rich domain model patterns
• TDD test patterns

Checklist

Architecture Design (Phase 0)

• Analyze requirements and identify components
• Create ASCII architecture diagram with component interactions
• Document component table (purpose, inputs, outputs, dependencies)
• Get user approval before proceeding

Implementation (Phases 1-3) - Chicago School TDD

• Write failing test asserting expected STATE (Red)
• Write minimal code to pass the test (Green)
• Refactor while keeping tests green
• Define domain models in Sources/Domain/ with behavior
• Test state changes and return values (not interactions)
• Define protocols with @Mockable for external dependencies
• Stub mocks to return data, assert on resulting state
• Implement infrastructure in Sources/Infrastructure/
• Create views consuming domain models directly
• Run swift test to verify all tests pass