Kotlin Coroutines Expert

Kotlin Coroutines Expert

Overview

A guide to mastering asynchronous programming with Kotlin Coroutines. Covers advanced topics like structured concurrency, Flow transformations, exception handling, and testing strategies.

When to Use This Skill

• Use when implementing asynchronous operations in Kotlin.
• Use when designing reactive data streams with Flow.
• Use when debugging coroutine cancellations or exceptions.
• Use when writing unit tests for suspending functions or Flows.

Step-by-Step Guide

1. Structured Concurrency

Always launch coroutines within a defined CoroutineScope. Use coroutineScope or supervisorScope to group concurrent tasks.

suspend fun loadDashboardData(): DashboardData = coroutineScope {
    val userDeferred = async { userRepo.getUser() }
    val settingsDeferred = async { settingsRepo.getSettings() }
    
    DashboardData(
        user = userDeferred.await(),
        settings = settingsDeferred.await()
    )
}

2. Exception Handling

Use CoroutineExceptionHandler for top-level scopes, but rely on try-catch within suspending functions for granular control.

val handler = CoroutineExceptionHandler { _, exception ->
    println("Caught $exception")
}

viewModelScope.launch(handler) {
    try {
        riskyOperation()
    } catch (e: IOException) {
        // Handle network error specifically
    }
}

3. Reactive Streams with Flow

Use StateFlow for state that needs to be retained, and SharedFlow for events.

// Cold Flow (Lazy)
val searchResults: Flow<List<Item>> = searchQuery
    .debounce(300)
    .flatMapLatest { query -> searchRepo.search(query) }
    .flowOn(Dispatchers.IO)

// Hot Flow (State)
val uiState: StateFlow<UiState> = _uiState.asStateFlow()

Examples

Example 1: Parallel Execution with Error Handling

suspend fun fetchDataWithErrorHandling() = supervisorScope {
    val task1 = async { 
        try { api.fetchA() } catch (e: Exception) { null } 
    }
    val task2 = async { api.fetchB() }
    
    // If task2 fails, task1 is NOT cancelled because of supervisorScope
    val result1 = task1.await()
    val result2 = task2.await() // May throw
}

Best Practices

• ✅ Do: Use Dispatchers.IO for blocking I/O operations.
• ✅ Do: Cancel scopes when they are no longer needed (e.g., ViewModel.onCleared).
• ✅ Do: Use TestScope and runTest for unit testing coroutines.
• ❌ Don't: Use GlobalScope. It breaks structured concurrency and can lead to leaks.
• ❌ Don't: Catch CancellationException unless you rethrow it.

Troubleshooting

Problem: Coroutine test hangs or fails unpredictably. Solution: Ensure you are using runTest and injecting TestDispatcher into your classes so you can control virtual time.

AGI Framework Integration

Adapted for @techwavedev/agi-agent-kit Original source: antigravity-awesome-skills

Memory-First Protocol

Retrieve prior test strategies, known flaky tests, and coverage gaps. Cache test infrastructure setup to avoid re-configuring test environments.

# Check for prior testing/QA context before starting
python3 execution/memory_manager.py auto --query "test patterns and coverage strategies for Kotlin Coroutines Expert"

Storing Results

After completing work, store testing/QA decisions for future sessions:

python3 execution/memory_manager.py store \
  --content "Testing strategy: integration tests hit real DB (no mocks), 85% line coverage, mutation testing on critical paths" \
  --type technical --project <project> \
  --tags kotlin-coroutines-expert testing

Multi-Agent Collaboration

Share test results and coverage reports with code review agents so they can verify adequate coverage on changed code.

python3 execution/cross_agent_context.py store \
  --agent "<your-agent>" \
  --action "QA complete — test suite expanded with 12 new integration tests, all passing" \
  --project <project>

TDD Enforcement

This skill integrates with the framework's iron-law RED-GREEN-REFACTOR cycle. No production code without a failing test first.

Agent Team: QA

Dispatch qa_team to generate tests and verify they pass before marking implementation complete.