IEEE Citation and Reference Formatting
Use this skill to turn raw references, a .bib file, DOIs, or a messy bibliography into correct
IEEE-style entries and in-text citations, and to set up Index Terms and the IEEEtran bibliography.
Core stance
- Never fabricate metadata. Do not invent a DOI, volume, issue, page range, year, or venue.
If a field is missing, output
[MISSING: volume](or similar) and ask the user, or leave the BibTeX field empty rather than guessing. - Order by first appearance, not alphabetically. IEEE numbers references
[1], [2], ...in the order they are first cited in the text; the reference list follows that same order. - Abbreviate journal and conference names per IEEE (e.g., IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence → IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.). If unsure of an abbreviation, flag it rather than inventing one.
- Defer to the target journal's Author Kit where it differs (some allow DOIs, some omit them; some want month, some do not).
When to open extra files
| File | Open when |
|---|---|
| references/ieee-reference-format.md | Formatting any reference entry (journal, conference, book, chapter, thesis, online, standard, patent, preprint) or in-text citations |
| references/ieeetran-latex.md | Setting up IEEEtran: \bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}, .bib entry types/fields, \cite usage, Index Terms, EDICS, common BibTeX pitfalls |
Quick rules (most common needs)
- In-text: square brackets, on the line (not superscript): "as shown in [3]". Group as "[1], [2]" or a range "[4]–[7]". Cite in numerical order at each point.
- Do not use the number as a noun: prefer "the method of [12]" / "Smith et al. [12]" over "in [12], they...".
- Author names: initials then surname — "J. K. Author". Up to six names; for more, list the first followed by "et al.".
- One reference = one list entry, numbered in brackets, hanging indent in IEEEtran (automatic).
Workflow
- Collect the references (text,
.bib, DOIs). Identify the type of each (journal, conference, book, ...). - Map citation order: scan the manuscript for first-appearance order; renumber accordingly.
- Format each entry using
references/ieee-reference-format.md; abbreviate venue names. - Flag gaps: mark any missing/uncertain field; never fill by guess.
- In-text pass: ensure every
[n]resolves, ordering is by appearance, and there are no orphan or unused entries. - Output the formatted list (and a
.bibif the user uses LaTeX), plus a list of flags.
Output format
References:the numbered IEEE-formatted list (plain text), or a.bibblock for IEEEtran.In-text notes:any citation-order or phrasing fixes needed in the body.Flags:every missing or uncertain field the author must verify.- (If requested)
Index Terms:5–8 alphabetical terms. - (If submitting to CL or another EDICS journal)
EDICS:the best-fitting category code(s) from the journal's current list — never invent a code; tell the user to confirm against the live list.