Figures & Tables (cc-figures-tables)
When to trigger
- Representative images (blots, IHC, micrographs) shown without quantification
- A multi-panel figure has no clear narrative logic
- Worried about image-integrity standards (splicing, over-processing)
- Building a graphical abstract or supplemental display items
Cancer Cell figure logic
Each main figure should advance one step of the mechanistic argument and be readable on its own:
- Panels flow left-to-right / top-to-bottom as a mini-narrative (perturbation → readout → mechanism → consequence).
- Mechanistic figures typically combine schematic + functional data + in vivo and/or human validation.
- A figure usually carries discovery, validation, and a control panel together.
- Keep one main message per figure; push orthogonal corroboration to supplement.
Quantify everything representative
The signature Cancer Cell requirement: a representative image must be paired with quantification across biological replicates.
| Representative image |
Required quantification |
| Western blot |
Densitometry across n independent blots (normalized to loading) |
| IHC / IF micrograph |
Scored / counted across multiple fields and tumors (e.g., QuPath) |
| Flow plot |
Summary bar/dot plot of % or MFI across replicates |
| Tumor photo |
Tumor volume/weight curves with n, stats |
| Migration/invasion image |
Quantified across fields/replicates |
| Single-cell UMAP |
Proportions / DE stats, not just a colored embedding |
Show data points (superplots) for small n; never imply quantity from one picture.
Image integrity (Cell Press enforces)
- Keep uncropped, unprocessed raw blots/gels; include full-length blots in supplement with MW markers.
- No splicing of lanes without a clear dividing line and disclosure.
- Adjustments (brightness/contrast) must be linear and applied to the entire image, including controls.
- Do not duplicate, mirror, or reuse panels across figures.
- Disclose any grouping of images from different parts of the same gel.
Tables and the Key Resources Table
- The Key Resources Table (STAR Methods) is mandatory — see
cc-reporting-standards.
- Data tables (cohorts, mutation lists, screen hits) go to supplement; keep main tables minimal.
- Define every abbreviation and unit in legends.
Legends
- State
n, what one replicate is, the statistical test, the error-bar definition, and scale bars.
- Each panel letter referenced; magnification/scale bar on all micrographs.
- Antibodies / markers / treatments named in the legend.
Worked micro-example: fixing a "representative blot" panel
Before: Figure 2C is a single Western blot showing MARK7 down and cleaved-PARP up after treatment,
captioned "representative of independent experiments."
Why a Cancer Cell reviewer rejects it as evidence: one image cannot support a quantitative claim; the
reader cannot see variance, n, or whether the effect is consistent.
After: Figure 2C keeps the representative blot but adds 2C′ — densitometry normalized to loading
control across four independent lysates, plotted as a superplot (individual points + mean), with the
test and exact p in the legend. The uncropped full-length blot with MW markers moves to Figure S2. Now
the panel carries a claim, not an anecdote.
Panel-order sanity check (per main figure)
Read each figure left-to-right and ask whether it narrates one mechanistic step:
- Perturbation — what was changed (knockdown/knockout/inhibitor), with the validation of that perturbation.
- Readout — the phenotype or molecular consequence, quantified across replicates.
- Mechanism — the intermediate that connects perturbation to readout (binding, flux, signaling).
- Orthogonal confirmation — in vivo and/or human panel that the claim in the figure title needs.
If a panel does not serve the figure's one-sentence title, move it to the supplement.
Cancer Cell figure failure modes reviewers cite
- A migration/invasion or IHC figure with beautiful images but no per-field, per-tumor quantification.
- Tumor-growth curves without
n per arm, without the test, or truncated before humane endpoints.
- Flow plots shown as gated dot-plots only, with no summary statistic across mice/donors.
- A graphical abstract that asserts an axis (arrows implying causality) the main figures never establish.
- Kaplan-Meier survival curves with no numbers-at-risk and no censoring shown.
- Contrast/brightness pushed non-linearly, or a loading-control band reused across panels.
Checklist
Anti-patterns
- One representative blot/image as the entire evidence (no quantification)
- Bar charts hiding tiny
n; undefined error bars
- Spliced or over-contrasted blots; reused/duplicated panels
- Overcrowded figures mixing several unrelated messages
- Missing scale bars or unlabeled axes
- Beautiful schematic with no supporting data
Output format
【Per-figure message】Fig1: ... Fig2: ...
【Representative-without-quantification】flagged panels: [...]
【Image integrity】raw blots? linear adj? duplication check
【Legends】n / test / error bar / scale bar present? Y/N
【Validation panels】in vivo / human present where needed?
【Next step】cc-structured-abstract
Source: brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills → Cancer-Cell-Skills/skills/cc-figures-tables/SKILL.md
1---2name: cc-figures-tables3description: Use when building or auditing multi-panel mechanistic figures and tables for a Cancer Cell (Cell Press) manuscript — quantification of images, panel logic, image integrity, and legends. It shapes display items; it does not choose statistical tests or write the abstract.4---5
6
7# Figures & Tables (cc-figures-tables)
8
9## When to trigger
10
11- Representative images (blots, IHC, micrographs) shown without quantification
12- A multi-panel figure has no clear narrative logic
13- Worried about image-integrity standards (splicing, over-processing)
14- Building a graphical abstract or supplemental display items
15
16## Cancer Cell figure logic
17
18Each main figure should advance **one step of the mechanistic argument** and be readable on its own:
19
20- Panels flow left-to-right / top-to-bottom as a mini-narrative (perturbation → readout → mechanism → consequence).
21- Mechanistic figures typically combine schematic + functional data + in vivo and/or human validation.
22- A figure usually carries discovery, validation, and a control panel together.
23- Keep one main message per figure; push orthogonal corroboration to supplement.
24
25## Quantify everything representative
26
27The signature Cancer Cell requirement: **a representative image must be paired with quantification across biological replicates.**
28
29| Representative image | Required quantification |
30|----------------------|--------------------------|
31| Western blot | Densitometry across `n` independent blots (normalized to loading) |
32| IHC / IF micrograph | Scored / counted across multiple fields and tumors (e.g., QuPath) |
33| Flow plot | Summary bar/dot plot of % or MFI across replicates |
34| Tumor photo | Tumor volume/weight curves with `n`, stats |
35| Migration/invasion image | Quantified across fields/replicates |
36| Single-cell UMAP | Proportions / DE stats, not just a colored embedding |
37
38Show data points (superplots) for small `n`; never imply quantity from one picture.
39
40## Image integrity (Cell Press enforces)
41
42- Keep **uncropped, unprocessed** raw blots/gels; include full-length blots in supplement with MW markers.
43- No splicing of lanes without a clear dividing line and disclosure.
44- Adjustments (brightness/contrast) must be **linear and applied to the entire image**, including controls.
45- Do not duplicate, mirror, or reuse panels across figures.
46- Disclose any grouping of images from different parts of the same gel.
47
48## Tables and the Key Resources Table
49
50- The **Key Resources Table** (STAR Methods) is mandatory — see `cc-reporting-standards`.
51- Data tables (cohorts, mutation lists, screen hits) go to supplement; keep main tables minimal.
52- Define every abbreviation and unit in legends.
53
54## Legends
55
56- State `n`, what one replicate is, the statistical test, the error-bar definition, and scale bars.
57- Each panel letter referenced; magnification/scale bar on all micrographs.
58- Antibodies / markers / treatments named in the legend.
59
60## Worked micro-example: fixing a "representative blot" panel
61
62**Before:** Figure 2C is a single Western blot showing MARK7 down and cleaved-PARP up after treatment,
63captioned "representative of independent experiments."
64
65**Why a Cancer Cell reviewer rejects it as evidence:** one image cannot support a quantitative claim; the
66reader cannot see variance, `n`, or whether the effect is consistent.
67
68**After:** Figure 2C keeps the representative blot but adds 2C′ — densitometry normalized to loading
69control across four independent lysates, plotted as a superplot (individual points + mean), with the
70test and exact p in the legend. The uncropped full-length blot with MW markers moves to Figure S2. Now
71the panel carries a claim, not an anecdote.
72
73## Panel-order sanity check (per main figure)
74
75Read each figure left-to-right and ask whether it narrates one mechanistic step:
76
771. **Perturbation** — what was changed (knockdown/knockout/inhibitor), with the validation of that perturbation.
782. **Readout** — the phenotype or molecular consequence, quantified across replicates.
793. **Mechanism** — the intermediate that connects perturbation to readout (binding, flux, signaling).
804. **Orthogonal confirmation** — in vivo and/or human panel that the claim in the figure title needs.
81
82If a panel does not serve the figure's one-sentence title, move it to the supplement.
83
84## Cancer Cell figure failure modes reviewers cite
85
86- A migration/invasion or IHC figure with beautiful images but no per-field, per-tumor quantification.
87- Tumor-growth curves without `n` per arm, without the test, or truncated before humane endpoints.
88- Flow plots shown as gated dot-plots only, with no summary statistic across mice/donors.
89- A graphical abstract that asserts an axis (arrows implying causality) the main figures never establish.
90- Kaplan-Meier survival curves with no numbers-at-risk and no censoring shown.
91- Contrast/brightness pushed non-linearly, or a loading-control band reused across panels.
92
93## Checklist
94
95- [ ] Every figure advances one mechanistic step; panel order tells a story
96- [ ] Each representative image is paired with replicate-level quantification
97- [ ] Data points shown for small-n panels (superplots)
98- [ ] Blots uncropped in supplement, MW markers visible, no undisclosed splicing
99- [ ] Image adjustments linear and whole-image; no duplicated panels
100- [ ] Scale bars on all micrographs; channels/markers labeled
101- [ ] Legends give `n`, test, error-bar definition
102- [ ] In vivo / human validation panels present where claims need them
103- [ ] Graphical abstract (if used) conveys the mechanism at a glance
104
105## Anti-patterns
106
107- One representative blot/image as the entire evidence (no quantification)
108- Bar charts hiding tiny `n`; undefined error bars
109- Spliced or over-contrasted blots; reused/duplicated panels
110- Overcrowded figures mixing several unrelated messages
111- Missing scale bars or unlabeled axes
112- Beautiful schematic with no supporting data
113
114## Output format
115
116```
117【Per-figure message】Fig1: ... Fig2: ...
118【Representative-without-quantification】flagged panels: [...]
119【Image integrity】raw blots? linear adj? duplication check
120【Legends】n / test / error bar / scale bar present? Y/N
121【Validation panels】in vivo / human present where needed?
122【Next step】cc-structured-abstract
123```
124
125---
126
127**Source:** [`brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills`](https://github.com/brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills) → `Cancer-Cell-Skills/skills/cc-figures-tables/SKILL.md`
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