Crypto Library Misuse

Crypto Library Misuse (CWE-323, CWE-330, CWE-208)

What this checks

Cryptographic primitives are correct only when their preconditions are met. Not "weak algorithm picked" — that's cryptographic-failures. These are "right primitive, wrong wiring": nonce reused, per-signature random reused, comparison branches on secret bits, exception type leaks which decryption failure happened. Each pattern below has produced a real CVE (Sony PS3 ECDSA k-reuse, Marvin RSA timing).

Vulnerable patterns

• AEAD nonce reuse: an AEAD encrypt call where the nonce is fixed, zeroed, or a wrapping counter. A single reused nonce lets an attacker XOR two ciphertexts and recover both plaintexts.
• ECDSA/DSA k reuse or weak randomness: signing with a predictable or repeated per-signature random value. Two signatures with the same k recover the private key by linear algebra.
• Length-extension on bare hashes: using hash(secret || msg) as a MAC. SHA-2 length-extension lets an attacker forge a valid tag over an extended message.
• Padding oracle via exception distinguishability: distinct exception types for "ciphertext too short" versus "padding invalid". Bleichenbacher and Manger attacks need exactly that one bit per query.
• Branching on secret material: a conditional whose branch depends on a key bit or MAC byte produces a measurable timing difference. Includes early-exit byte comparison on MAC or signature verification.
• Static IV for CBC: encrypting two plaintexts with the same IV reveals their common prefix.
• ECB used for structured data: identical plaintext blocks produce identical ciphertext blocks, leaking structure.

Fix immediately

Flag the vulnerable call site and explain the risk. Then suggest a fix that establishes these properties:

1. Every AEAD encrypt uses a fresh nonce drawn from a CSPRNG, or a managed monotonic counter with an overflow guard. The nonce is stored or transmitted alongside the ciphertext.
2. ECDSA/DSA signing uses deterministic k (RFC 6979) or a library that guarantees a fresh per-signature random — the caller never supplies k.
3. MACs use a MAC primitive (HMAC, Poly1305, KMAC), not a bare hash of secret || msg. HMAC's two-pass construction defeats length-extension.
4. Comparisons over MACs, signatures, or hashes use a constant-time primitive documented for that purpose — never plain equality or early-exit byte comparison.
5. All decryption-failure paths raise a single exception type at the boundary, collapsing padding, length, and authentication failures into one indistinguishable error.
6. No branch inside a crypto routine depends on a secret bit. Use bitwise selection or library primitives that document constant-time behavior.
7. CBC uses a fresh random IV per message; ECB is not used for structured data. Prefer an AEAD mode over CBC+MAC when the platform offers one.

Translate these principles to the audited file's language and crypto library. Use the documented high-level API (AEAD wrapper, signing context, HMAC primitive, constant-time-compare helper) — do not assemble these guarantees by hand.

Verification

After rewriting, confirm:

• Every AEAD encrypt site uses a fresh CSPRNG nonce or a managed monotonic counter with overflow check
• No signing call passes a caller-supplied k unless the API documents deterministic k (RFC 6979)
• No MAC is implemented as hash(secret || msg); HMAC or a MAC primitive is used
• All MAC, signature, and hash comparisons use a constant-time primitive — never plain equality
• All decryption failures raise the same exception type at the boundary
• No branch in the crypto routine depends on a secret bit

References

• CWE-323 (Reusing a Nonce, Key Pair in Encryption)
• CWE-330 (Use of Insufficiently Random Values)
• CWE-208 (Observable Timing Discrepancy)
• CWE-326 (Inadequate Encryption Strength)