API Error Handling

Error handling, end to end

Build on what the kit already ships — do not invent a new error envelope:

• src/apiApp.ts has one central errorHandler: ZodError → 400, otherwise it reads err.statusCode and hides the message on 5xx.
• src/shared/lib/api.ts throws ApiError(statusCode, body) on a non-OK fetch.

Your job is to feed that handler typed domain errors and map ApiError in the UI.

Step 1 — Define domain errors that carry a statusCode

Apply references/error-patterns.md. Add small error classes with a numeric statusCode so the central handler maps them automatically: NotFoundError (404), UnauthorizedError (401), ForbiddenError (403), ConflictError (409). Put generic ones in shared/lib/errors.ts; keep feature-specific ones in the slice.

Step 2 — Throw from services, catch in routes

Services throw domain errors; they never touch req/res. Routes try/catch and forward with next(err) — never build ad-hoc error responses. The central handler owns status and body shaping.

Step 3 — Parse at the boundary

Keep parsing req.body/params/query with zod at the route. A failed .parse() throws ZodError, which the central handler already turns into a 400 with issues — no extra code needed.

Step 4 — Don't leak existence or internals

• Where ownership matters, throw NotFoundError for resources the principal does not own (coordinate with /scaffold-auth).
• Never put secrets, stack traces, or raw DB errors in a response. The handler already masks 5xx messages — keep statusCode off internal errors so they stay 500.

Step 5 — Map ApiError in the frontend

The query/mutation hook lets ApiError propagate; the component maps error.statusCode to a user-facing message (401 → sign in, 404 → not found, 5xx → generic). Never render error.body raw. Pair with route ErrorBoundary from /react-router for thrown render-time errors.

Step 6 — Verify

source "${CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR}/.claude/lib/detect-toolchain.sh"
run_typecheck
run_tests <feature>

Prove the codes: a route test asserting 400 (invalid body), 401/404 where relevant, and that a thrown 5xx response body contains no internal detail.

Checklist

• Domain errors carry a numeric statusCode; the central handler maps them.
• Services throw; routes next(err); no ad-hoc error responses or req/res in services.
• Boundary parsing stays at the route; ZodError → 400 via the central handler.
• No secrets/stack traces in responses; 5xx messages stay masked.
• Frontend maps ApiError.statusCode to messages; never renders raw bodies.
• Status-code tests pass; run_typecheck passes.