Android Architecture

Android Modern Architecture & Modularization

Instructions

When designing or refactoring an Android application, adhere to the Guide to App Architecture and Clean Architecture principles.

1. High-Level Layers

Structure the application into three primary layers. Dependencies must strictly flow inwards (or downwards) to the core logic.

• UI Layer (Presentation):
  • Responsibility: Displaying data and handling user interactions.
  • Components: Activities, Fragments, Composables, ViewModels.
  • Dependencies: Depends on the Domain Layer (or Data Layer if simple). Never depends on the Data Layer implementation details directly.
• Domain Layer (Business Logic) [Optional but Recommended]:
  • Responsibility: Encapsulating complex business rules and reuse.
  • Components: Use Cases (e.g., GetLatestNewsUseCase), Domain Models (pure Kotlin data classes).
  • Pure Kotlin: Must NOT contain any Android framework dependencies (no android.* imports).
  • Dependencies: Depends on Repository Interfaces.
• Data Layer:
  • Responsibility: Managing application data (fetching, caching, saving).
  • Components: Repositories (implementations), Data Sources (Retrofit APIs, Room DAOs).
  • Dependencies: Depends only on external sources and libraries.

2. Dependency Injection with Koin

Use Koin for all dependency injection.

• startKoin {}: Initialize Koin in the Application class using startKoin { modules(...) }.
• module {}: Define dependency modules using Koin DSL.
• single {}: Provide app-wide singletons (e.g., Network, Database).
• factory {}: Provide new instances each time.
• viewModel {}: Provide ViewModel instances.
• bind: Bind interface to implementation (e.g., single { OfflineFirstNewsRepository() } bind NewsRepository::class).

3. Modularization Strategy

For production apps, use a multi-module strategy to improve build times and separation of concerns.

• :app: The main entry point, connects features.
• :core:model: Shared domain models (Pure Kotlin).
• :core:data: Repositories, Data Sources, Database, Network.
• :core:domain: Use Cases and Repository Interfaces.
• :core:ui: Shared Composables, Theme, Resources.
• :feature:[name]: Standalone feature modules containing their own UI and ViewModels. Depends on :core:domain and :core:ui.

4. Checklist for implementation

• Ensure Domain layer has no Android dependencies.
• Repositories should default to main-safe suspend functions (use Dispatchers.IO internally if needed).
• ViewModels should interact with the UI layer via StateFlow (see android-viewmodel skill).

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