tomevault-io Cell & Nucleus Segmentation Skills
Instance segmentation tools for cells and nuclei in microscopy images. Use the tool selection guide below to choose the right method, then load the corresponding skill file for detailed usage.
Tool Selection Guide
| Goal | Recommended Tool | Speed | Tested |
|---|---|---|---|
| Best overall accuracy | Cellpose-SAM (v4.x) | Moderate (~310s/1024px CPU) | ✅ 955 cells |
| Fastest inference | InstanSeg | Fast (~7s/1024px CPU) | ✅ 586 cells |
| Low quality / noisy images | Cellpose 3 (image restoration) | Moderate | ✅ |
| Round nuclei only | StarDist | Fastest (~0.5s) | ✅ 150 cells |
| Whole-cell (nucleus + membrane) | Mesmer / DeepCell | Moderate | ⚠️ install issues |
| Interactive annotation / 3D / tracking | micro-sam | Slow | ⚠️ Python 3.10+ |
| Fully automatic, no prompts | CellSAM | Moderate | ⚠️ Python 3.10+ |
[!TIP] Start with Cellpose (default in v4.x) for most tasks. It has the best generalization. Switch to InstanSeg if speed matters or you need simultaneous nuclei + cell masks.
[!WARNING] Environment isolation is important. These tools have conflicting dependencies. Cellpose/InstanSeg use PyTorch; StarDist/Mesmer use TensorFlow; SAM-based tools need Python 3.10+. Create separate virtual environments for each tool family:
venv-cellpose: Cellpose + InstanSeg (both PyTorch)venv-stardist: StarDist (TensorFlow,numpy<2)venv-deepcell: Mesmer/DeepCell (TensorFlow, strict numpy version)venv-sam: micro-sam / CellSAM (Python 3.10+)
Available Skills
Cellpose
General-purpose cell and nucleus segmentation using Cellpose v4.x (includes Cellpose-SAM with ViT-L backbone). Image restoration, fine-tuning, and 3D segmentation.
Skill file: cellpose.md
When to use: Default choice for most segmentation tasks.
InstanSeg
Fast cell and nucleus segmentation with dual output (nuclei + cells simultaneously). Supports multiplexed images via ChannelNet.
Skill file: instanseg.md
When to use: Speed-critical workflows, multiplexed images, QuPath integration.
StarDist
Nuclear segmentation using star-convex polygon prediction. Extremely fast but assumes round/convex nuclei.
Skill file: stardist.md
When to use: Round nuclei in fluorescence images where speed matters.
Mesmer / DeepCell
Whole-cell segmentation using both nuclear and membrane markers. TissueNet-trained PanopticNet architecture.
Skill file: mesmer.md
When to use: Tissue images with both nuclear and membrane/cytoplasm markers.
SAM-Based Cell Segmentation
Cell segmentation using SAM adaptations: CellSAM (automatic), micro-sam (interactive + 3D), SAMCell (label-free).
Skill file: sam_based.md
When to use: Interactive annotation, 3D/tracking, or label-free brightfield.
Source: aristoteleo/PantheonOS — distributed by TomeVault.