Audio Engine

Audio Engine Skill

This skill provides essential guidelines for working on the high-performance DSP engine of MiniAcid, optimized for the M5Stack Cardputer.

🚀 Core Principles

• Predictable Performance: Every cycle counts. Avoid heavy math in the main callback loop.
• Thread Safety: The audio callback runs on Core 1, while the UI/Logic runs on Core 0.
• Real-time Safety: NO memory allocation (malloc, new) or I/O (Serial, SD) inside the audio callback.

🛠 DSP Specifications

• Sample Rate:
  • ESP32: 22050 Hz (balanced for performance/quality).
  • Desktop/SDL: 44100 Hz.
• Normalization: Internal parameters MUST use 0.0f to 1.0f.
• Soft Clamping: Every voice should include a soft limiter/clipper to prevent harsh digital wrapping.

🧵 Thread Synchronization

• Use std::atomic for simple flag/param updates.
• Use AudioGuard (mutex-like wrapper) when modifying complex synth state from the UI thread.
• Waveform Buffer: Access visual data via mini_acid_.getWaveformBuffer() which uses atomic double-buffering.

⚠️ Critial Constraints

• Zero PSRAM: The Cardputer has NO PSRAM. Use DRAM sparingly.
• Fixed-Point vs Float: While ESP32-S3 has an FPU, prefer optimized fixed-point or simple float math. Avoid double entirely.

📁 Key Files

• src/dsp/: Core DSP implementations.
• src/voice_cache.h: Voice management and pooling.
• src/miniacid.cpp: Main audio callback and routing.

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