Deploy App

Deploy Application Skill

Deploy a new application to the k3s homelab cluster following GitOps best practices.

When to Use

• User wants to add a new application to the cluster
• User wants to deploy a Helm chart or container image
• User asks about deploying services

MANDATORY CHECKLIST

Every deployment MUST complete ALL of these steps:

• 1. Research app requirements (ports, storage, database, env vars)
• 2. Create app directory structure
• 3. Create PVC if app needs persistent storage
• 4. Create ConfigMap if app needs configuration files
• 5. Create Secret (SOPS-encrypted) for sensitive data
• 6. Create HelmRelease using app-template chart
• 7. Create HTTPRoute for ingress (internal or external)
• 8. Create Flux Kustomization (ks.yaml)
• 9. Update parent kustomization.yaml to include new app
• 10. ADD DNS ENTRY to bind9 (172.16.1.10)
• 11. Create PR with all changes
• 12. Verify CI passes (Validate, Flux Diff)
• 13. Merge PR
• 14. Verify pod starts and is healthy

Directory Structure

kubernetes/apps/<namespace>/<app-name>/
├── ks.yaml                    # Flux Kustomization
└── app/
    ├── kustomization.yaml     # Lists all resources
    ├── helmrelease.yaml       # App deployment via app-template
    ├── httproute.yaml         # Ingress route
    ├── pvc.yaml               # Persistent storage (if needed)
    ├── configmap.yaml         # Config files (if needed)
    └── secret.sops.yaml       # Secrets (if needed)

Standard Templates

1. Flux Kustomization (ks.yaml)

---
apiVersion: kustomize.toolkit.fluxcd.io/v1
kind: Kustomization
metadata:
  name: <app-name>
  namespace: <namespace>
spec:
  targetNamespace: <namespace>
  commonMetadata:
    labels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: <app-name>
  path: ./kubernetes/apps/<namespace>/<app-name>/app
  prune: true
  sourceRef:
    kind: GitRepository
    name: flux-system
    namespace: flux-system
  wait: true
  interval: 30m
  retryInterval: 1m
  timeout: 5m
  dependsOn:
    - name: media-storage  # if needs NFS

2. App Kustomization (app/kustomization.yaml)

---
apiVersion: kustomize.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Kustomization
resources:
  - pvc.yaml           # if needed
  - configmap.yaml     # if needed
  - secret.sops.yaml   # if needed
  - helmrelease.yaml
  - httproute.yaml

3. HelmRelease (app/helmrelease.yaml)

---
apiVersion: helm.toolkit.fluxcd.io/v2
kind: HelmRelease
metadata:
  name: <app-name>
spec:
  interval: 30m
  chart:
    spec:
      chart: app-template
      version: 3.6.1
      sourceRef:
        kind: HelmRepository
        name: bjw-s
        namespace: default
  values:
    controllers:
      <app-name>:
        replicas: 1
        strategy: RollingUpdate
        containers:
          app:
            image:
              repository: <image>
              tag: <tag>
            env:
              TZ: America/Los_Angeles
            probes:
              liveness: &probes
                enabled: true
                custom: true
                spec:
                  httpGet:
                    path: /health
                    port: &port <port>
                  initialDelaySeconds: 30
                  periodSeconds: 10
                  timeoutSeconds: 5
                  failureThreshold: 5
              readiness: *probes
            securityContext:
              allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
              readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
              capabilities:
                add: ["CHOWN", "SETGID", "SETUID", "DAC_OVERRIDE", "FOWNER"]

    defaultPodOptions:
      securityContext:
        runAsNonRoot: false
        runAsUser: 0
        runAsGroup: 0
        fsGroup: 1000
        fsGroupChangePolicy: OnRootMismatch
      tolerations:
        - key: "node.kubernetes.io/not-ready"
          operator: "Exists"
          effect: "NoExecute"
          tolerationSeconds: 30
        - key: "node.kubernetes.io/unreachable"
          operator: "Exists"
          effect: "NoExecute"
          tolerationSeconds: 30
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            - weight: 100
              preference:
                matchExpressions:
                  - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane
                    operator: DoesNotExist

    service:
      app:
        controller: <app-name>
        ports:
          http:
            port: *port

    persistence:
      config:
        enabled: true
        type: persistentVolumeClaim
        existingClaim: <app-name>-config
        globalMounts:
          - path: /config
      media:  # if needs media access
        enabled: true
        type: persistentVolumeClaim
        existingClaim: media-nfs
        globalMounts:
          - path: /media

4. HTTPRoute (app/httproute.yaml)

---
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: HTTPRoute
metadata:
  name: <app-name>
spec:
  parentRefs:
    - name: envoy-internal      # or envoy-external for public
      namespace: network
  hostnames:
    - "<app-name>.ragas.cc"     # or ragas.sh for public
  rules:
    - matches:
        - path:
            type: PathPrefix
            value: /
      backendRefs:
        - name: <app-name>
          port: <port>

5. PVC (app/pvc.yaml)

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: <app-name>-config
  namespace: <namespace>
  annotations:
    kustomize.toolkit.fluxcd.io/prune: disabled
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 5Gi
  storageClassName: ceph-filesystem  # or ceph-block for databases

6. Secret (app/secret.sops.yaml)

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: <app-name>-secret
  namespace: <namespace>
type: Opaque
stringData:
  KEY_NAME: <value>

Then encrypt: SOPS_AGE_KEY_FILE=./age.key sops --encrypt --in-place <file>

DNS Configuration (CRITICAL - DO NOT SKIP)

Internal services (*.ragas.cc):

ssh root@172.16.1.10 "echo '<app-name>        IN      A       172.16.1.61' >> /etc/bind/db.ragas.cc && systemctl reload bind9"

Verify:

dig @172.16.1.10 <app-name>.ragas.cc +short
# Should return: 172.16.1.61

Storage Decision Tree

Database Integration

If app needs PostgreSQL, use the shared instance:

• Host: postgres.database.svc.cluster.local
• Port: 5432
• User: tipi
• Create new database for the app
• Store password in SOPS secret

Post-Deployment Verification

# Check Flux reconciliation
flux get ks <app-name> -n <namespace>

# Check HelmRelease
flux get hr <app-name> -n <namespace>

# Check pods
kubectl get pods -l app.kubernetes.io/name=<app-name> -n <namespace>

# Check logs
kubectl logs -l app.kubernetes.io/name=<app-name> -n <namespace>

# Test DNS
curl -I https://<app-name>.ragas.cc

Common Issues

1. Pod stuck in Pending: Check PVC is bound, node has resources
2. CrashLoopBackOff: Check logs, verify env vars and secrets
3. DNS not resolving: Verify bind9 entry added and reloaded
4. 502 Bad Gateway: Service port mismatch or pod not ready

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