Design System Architecture

Design System Architecture

Purpose

Design a token-based design system architecture, including primitive, semantic, and component token hierarchy, theming strategy (dark/light mode), and cross-platform implementation plan.

Scope Constraints

Reads existing styling code, configuration files, and design documentation for analysis. Does not modify source files or push changes. Does not create or update Figma libraries or Storybook instances directly.

Inputs

• Existing styling approach (Tailwind, CSS modules, styled-components, etc.)
• Target platforms (web, iOS, Android, cross-platform)
• Brand guidelines or existing color palette
• Current component inventory
• Theming requirements (dark mode, high contrast, brand variations)

Input Sanitization

No user-provided values are used in commands or file paths. All inputs are treated as read-only analysis targets.

Procedure

Progress Checklist

• Step 1: Audit current state
• Step 2: Define primitive tokens
• Step 3: Define semantic tokens
• Step 4: Define component tokens
• Step 5: Design theme architecture
• Step 6: Cross-platform strategy

Step 1: Audit Current State

Review the existing styling approach:

• How are colors, spacing, and typography defined today?
• Are there hardcoded values scattered across components?
• Is there an existing design system or component library?
• What CSS methodology is used (utility-first, BEM, CSS-in-JS)?

Step 2: Define Primitive Tokens

Establish the raw values that form the foundation:

• Color primitives: Named palette (blue-50 through blue-900, gray scale, semantic colors)
• Spacing scale: 4px base unit — 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64
• Type scale: Size ramp with corresponding line heights and letter spacing
• Border radius: Small (4px), medium (8px), large (16px), full (9999px)
• Shadow/elevation: Subtle, medium, prominent
• Duration: Fast (100ms), normal (200ms), slow (300ms)

Step 3: Define Semantic Tokens

Map primitives to semantic meaning:

• Surface: surface-primary, surface-secondary, surface-elevated
• Text: text-primary, text-secondary, text-muted, text-inverse
• Border: border-default, border-strong, border-focus
• Interactive: interactive-primary, interactive-hover, interactive-pressed
• Status: status-success, status-warning, status-error, status-info
• Spacing: space-xs, space-sm, space-md, space-lg, space-xl

Step 4: Define Component Tokens

Map semantic tokens to component-specific values:

• Button: button-bg, button-text, button-border, button-radius
• Input: input-bg, input-border, input-focus-ring, input-text
• Card: card-bg, card-border, card-shadow, card-radius, card-padding

Step 5: Design Theme Architecture

Define how themes override token values:

• Light theme: Default token assignments
• Dark theme: Which semantic tokens change, which stay the same
• High contrast: Increased border widths, higher contrast ratios
• Implementation: CSS custom properties, Tailwind config, or platform-specific theming

Step 6: Cross-Platform Strategy

If multiple platforms:

• Token format: Use Style Dictionary or similar to generate platform-specific output
• Web: CSS custom properties or Tailwind theme config
• iOS: Swift color/spacing constants or asset catalogs
• Android: XML resources or Compose theme
• Shared source of truth: JSON or YAML token definitions

Compaction resilience: If context was lost during a long session, re-read the Inputs section to reconstruct what system is being designed, check the Progress Checklist for completed steps, then resume from the earliest incomplete step.

Output Format

# Design System Architecture

## Token Hierarchy

### Primitive Tokens
| Category | Token | Value |
|----------|-------|-------|
| Color | blue-500 | #3B82F6 |
| Spacing | space-4 | 16px |
| Type | text-base | 16px/24px |

### Semantic Tokens
| Token | Light | Dark | Usage |
|-------|-------|------|-------|
| surface-primary | white | gray-900 | Main background |
| text-primary | gray-900 | gray-50 | Body text |
| interactive-primary | blue-500 | blue-400 | Buttons, links |

### Component Tokens
| Component | Token | Maps To |
|-----------|-------|---------|
| Button (primary) | button-bg | interactive-primary |
| Button (primary) | button-text | text-inverse |

## Theme Switching
[Implementation approach — CSS class, media query, user preference]

## File Structure

tokens/ primitives.json semantic-light.json semantic-dark.json components.json

## Migration Plan
[Steps to migrate from current approach to token-based system]

Handoff

• Hand off to visual-audit if token architecture review reveals visual inconsistencies requiring interface-level critique.
• Hand off to craftsman/pattern-analysis if component token mapping reveals implementation patterns needing code-level assessment.

Quality Checks

• All existing hardcoded values can be mapped to tokens
• Semantic tokens cover all current UI needs without gaps
• Dark mode token overrides maintain WCAG AA contrast
• Token naming is consistent and predictable
• The migration path doesn't require a big-bang rewrite
• Cross-platform strategy has a single source of truth

Evolution Notes

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