name: Documentation Patterns description: Technical writing frameworks for clear, maintainable documentation version: 1.0.0 license: MIT tier: community
Documentation Patterns
Documentation that people actually read and use
This skill provides frameworks for writing technical documentation that serves its readers effectively.
Core Principles
1. Documentation Is a Product
Treat docs like software: design, iterate, test, improve.
2. Different Docs for Different Goals
Tutorials, references, and explanations serve different purposes. Don't mix them.
3. Write for Scanning
Most readers don't read linearly. Structure for quick answers.
The Documentation System (Diataxis)
Four distinct documentation types, each with a specific purpose:
PRACTICAL THEORETICAL
(Learning-oriented) (Understanding-oriented)
│ │
┌────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┼────────────────────┐
│ │ │ │
│ TUTORIALS │ EXPLANATION │ ACQUISITION │
│ (Learning by doing) │ (Understanding context) │ (Studying) │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ │ │
│ HOW-TO GUIDES │ REFERENCE │ APPLICATION │
│ (Accomplishing tasks) │ (Looking up information) │ (Working) │
│ │ │ │
└────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────┴────────────────────┘
1. Tutorials (Learning)
Purpose: Teach a newcomer how to get started Reader: New, wants to learn Form: Lessons that lead through steps
# Tutorial: Create Your First Component
In this tutorial, you'll build a simple button component
from scratch. By the end, you'll understand the basics
of our component system.
## What You'll Learn
- How to create a component file
- How to use our styling system
- How to add interactivity
## Prerequisites
- Node.js installed
- Basic React knowledge
## Step 1: Set Up Your File
Create a new file called `Button.tsx` in the components folder:
[exact code to copy]
## Step 2: Add the Basic Structure
[exact code with explanation]
## Step 3: Style Your Button
[exact code with explanation]
## What's Next?
Now that you've created a basic button, try:
- Adding different variants
- Making it accessible
Tutorial Checklist:
- Has a clear learning outcome
- Every step produces visible results
- Uses concrete, realistic examples
- Can be completed in one sitting
- Doesn't explain everything (focused)
2. How-To Guides (Goals)
Purpose: Help accomplish a specific task Reader: Knows what they want to do Form: Steps to achieve a goal
# How to Add Dark Mode Support
This guide shows you how to add dark mode to your application.
## Prerequisites
- Existing application with our design system
- Tailwind CSS configured
## Steps
### 1. Configure Theme Variables
Add these CSS variables to your globals.css:
[code]
### 2. Add Theme Toggle
Create a theme context:
[code]
### 3. Update Components
Ensure components use theme-aware classes:
[code]
### 4. Persist User Preference
Store the theme choice:
[code]
## Troubleshooting
**Theme doesn't persist on refresh**
Check that localStorage is accessible...
**Flash of wrong theme on load**
Add a script to the head...
How-To Checklist:
- Title states the goal clearly
- Prerequisites listed upfront
- Steps are actionable
- Troubleshooting section included
- Doesn't teach concepts (just does)
3. Reference (Information)
Purpose: Provide accurate, complete technical details Reader: Knows what they're looking for Form: Structured, consistent entries
# Button Component API
## Props
| Prop | Type | Default | Description |
|------|------|---------|-------------|
| `variant` | `'primary' \| 'secondary' \| 'ghost'` | `'primary'` | Visual style |
| `size` | `'sm' \| 'md' \| 'lg'` | `'md'` | Button size |
| `disabled` | `boolean` | `false` | Disables interaction |
| `isLoading` | `boolean` | `false` | Shows loading state |
| `onClick` | `() => void` | - | Click handler |
## Examples
### Basic Usage
```jsx
<Button>Click me</Button>
With Variant
<Button variant="secondary">Cancel</Button>
Loading State
<Button isLoading>Saving...</Button>
Accessibility
- Uses
<button>element for proper semantics - Supports keyboard activation (Enter, Space)
- Has visible focus state
- Announces loading state to screen readers
**Reference Checklist:**
- [ ] Complete coverage of all options
- [ ] Consistent format throughout
- [ ] Technical accuracy verified
- [ ] Examples for each concept
- [ ] Easy to scan/search
### 4. Explanation (Understanding)
**Purpose:** Help understand concepts and context
**Reader:** Wants to deepen understanding
**Form:** Discursive, contextual prose
```markdown
# Understanding Our Component Architecture
## Why Components?
Our design system is built on the principle of composition.
Rather than creating complex, monolithic UI pieces, we build
small, focused components that combine to create any interface.
This approach has several benefits:
**Maintainability**: Changes to one component don't affect others...
**Testability**: Small components are easy to test in isolation...
**Consistency**: Shared components ensure visual consistency...
## The Component Hierarchy
Components exist at different levels of abstraction:
### Primitives
The building blocks: Button, Input, Text...
These have no business logic, only UI concerns.
### Patterns
Compositions of primitives: FormField, Card, Modal...
These solve common UI patterns.
### Features
Compositions with business logic: LoginForm, UserCard...
These connect UI to application state.
## Design Decisions
### Why We Chose Radix UI
When evaluating component libraries, we considered...
We chose Radix because...
### Our Styling Approach
We use Tailwind CSS with CSS variables because...
The trade-offs of this approach include...
Explanation Checklist:
- Provides context and background
- Explains "why" not just "what"
- Connects to bigger picture
- Uses analogies when helpful
- Doesn't include step-by-step instructions
README Structure
Project README Template
# Project Name
> One-line description of what this project does
Brief paragraph expanding on the description. What problem
does it solve? Who is it for?
## Features
- Feature 1: Brief description
- Feature 2: Brief description
- Feature 3: Brief description
## Quick Start
```bash
# Install
npm install project-name
# Configure
cp .env.example .env
# Run
npm run dev
Documentation
Contributing
See CONTRIBUTING.md
License
MIT
### Package README Template
```markdown
# package-name
> Brief description
## Installation
```bash
npm install package-name
Usage
import { thing } from 'package-name';
// Basic example
thing.do();
API
thing.do(options)
Does the thing.
Parameters:
options.foo(string): The foooptions.bar(number, optional): The bar (default: 42)
Returns: Promise<Result>
Example:
const result = await thing.do({ foo: 'value' });
License
MIT
## Code Documentation
### Function Documentation (JSDoc)
```typescript
/**
* Calculates the total price including tax.
*
* @param items - Array of items with price and quantity
* @param taxRate - Tax rate as decimal (e.g., 0.1 for 10%)
* @returns Total price with tax applied
*
* @example
* ```ts
* const total = calculateTotal(
* [{ price: 100, quantity: 2 }],
* 0.1
* );
* // Returns: 220
* ```
*
* @throws {Error} If taxRate is negative
*/
function calculateTotal(
items: Array<{ price: number; quantity: number }>,
taxRate: number
): number {
if (taxRate < 0) {
throw new Error('Tax rate cannot be negative');
}
const subtotal = items.reduce(
(sum, item) => sum + item.price * item.quantity,
0
);
return subtotal * (1 + taxRate);
}
Component Documentation
/**
* A customizable button component with multiple variants.
*
* @example
* ```tsx
* // Primary button
* <Button
*
* // Secondary button with icon
* <Button variant="secondary" icon={<PlusIcon />}>
* Add Item
* </Button>
* ```
*/
interface ButtonProps {
/** Visual style variant */
variant?: 'primary' | 'secondary' | 'ghost';
/** Size of the button */
size?: 'sm' | 'md' | 'lg';
/** Whether the button is disabled */
disabled?: boolean;
/** Icon to display before the label */
icon?: React.ReactNode;
/** Click handler */
onClick?: () => void;
/** Button contents */
children: React.ReactNode;
}
When to Comment (and When Not To)
Write Comments For:
- Why decisions were made
- Non-obvious edge cases
- Complex algorithms
- Workarounds for bugs
- Public API documentation
Don't Comment:
- What the code does (code should be clear)
- Every line
- Obvious implementations
- TODOs without tickets
Example Bad Comment:
// Increment counter by 1
counter += 1;
Example Good Comment:
// Using >= instead of > to handle floating point rounding errors
// See issue #1234 for details
if (value >= threshold) {
Writing Guidelines
Voice and Tone
Technical Writing Voice:
Be Direct:
Bad: "It is recommended that you should..."
Good: "We recommend..." or just state the thing
Be Specific:
Bad: "This might cause issues"
Good: "This causes a memory leak in Chrome"
Use Active Voice:
Bad: "The button is clicked by the user"
Good: "The user clicks the button"
Address the Reader:
Bad: "One can configure settings in..."
Good: "You can configure settings in..."
Formatting Best Practices
Headings:
- Use sentence case (Capitalize only first word)
- Keep short and scannable
- Use hierarchy consistently
Lists:
- Use bullets for unordered items
- Use numbers for sequential steps
- Keep items parallel in structure
Code:
- Use inline code for short references: `variable`
- Use code blocks for examples
- Always specify language for syntax highlighting
Links:
- Use descriptive text, not "click here"
- Link to specific sections when possible
Inclusive Language
Avoid:
- "Simply" / "Just" / "Easy" (dismissive)
- "Obviously" / "Clearly" (assumes knowledge)
- Gendered pronouns when unnecessary
- Jargon without explanation
Use:
- "First" instead of "First off"
- Specific technical terms (defined)
- "They" for generic singular
Documentation Structure
Information Architecture
Organization Principles:
By User Journey:
- Getting started → Core concepts → Advanced
By Task:
- Authentication → Authorization → User management
By Feature:
- Components → Hooks → Utilities
Navigation:
- Clear hierarchy
- Searchable
- Cross-linked
Page Structure
# Page Title
Brief intro paragraph explaining what this page covers and
who it's for.
## Section 1
Content with examples...
### Subsection 1.1
More specific content...
## Section 2
Content...
## Related
- [Related Page 1](./related1.md)
- [Related Page 2](./related2.md)
Maintenance
Keeping Docs Fresh
Documentation Debt Signals:
- Screenshots that don't match UI
- Code examples that don't compile
- Broken links
- Outdated version numbers
- Missing recent features
Prevention:
- Doc review in PR checklist
- Automated link checking
- Version docs with code
- Regular doc audits (quarterly)
Doc Review Checklist
## Documentation Review
### Accuracy
- [ ] Code examples work
- [ ] Technical details are correct
- [ ] Screenshots are current
### Completeness
- [ ] All features documented
- [ ] Edge cases mentioned
- [ ] Prerequisites listed
### Clarity
- [ ] Language is clear
- [ ] Structure aids scanning
- [ ] Examples are helpful
### Maintenance
- [ ] Links work
- [ ] Version numbers correct
- [ ] No outdated content
"The best documentation is so good that people don't notice it. They just find what they need and move on."
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