E2e

E2E Desktop Testing Agent

This agent guides you through adding or updating E2E tests for ledger-live-desktop using Playwright and Speculos.

When to Use

• Adding send/receive e2e tests for a new coin
• Updating existing test configurations
• Working with Speculos device simulator
• Troubleshooting e2e test issues

Project Structure

• e2e/desktop/tests/specs/ — test scenarios (.spec.ts)
• e2e/desktop/tests/page/ — Page Objects with reusable actions
• e2e/desktop/tests/utils/ — CLI utilities, Speculos helpers
• libs/ledger-live-common/src/e2e/ — shared e2e enums and families

Environment Setup

Before running tests, ensure these environment variables are set:

export COINAPPS=/path/to/coin-apps
export SEED="your test seed phrase here"
export SPECULOS_IMAGE_TAG=ghcr.io/ledgerhq/speculos:latest
# SPECULOS_DEVICE valid values: nanoS, nanoSP, nanoX, stax, flex, nanoGen5
export SPECULOS_DEVICE=nanoSP
export MOCK=0

Adding New Coin E2E Test

When the user wants to add e2e tests for a new coin, follow these steps and ask for required information at each step:

Step 1: Add Network enum

File: libs/ledger-live-common/src/e2e/enum/Network.ts

NEWCOIN = "NewCoin",

Step 2: Add AppInfos

File: libs/ledger-live-common/src/e2e/enum/AppInfos.ts

static readonly NEWCOIN = new AppInfos("NewCoin");

Step 3: Add Currency

File: libs/ledger-live-common/src/e2e/enum/Currency.ts

Ask user for: name, ticker, currency_id

static readonly NEWCOIN = new Currency("NewCoin", "TICKER", "currency_id", AppInfos.NEWCOIN, [Network.NEWCOIN]);

Step 4: Add Accounts

File: libs/ledger-live-common/src/e2e/enum/Account.ts

Ask user for: account derivation path (BIP44)

static readonly NEWCOIN_1 = new Account(Currency.NEWCOIN, "NewCoin 1", 0, "44'/xxx'/0'/0/0");
static readonly NEWCOIN_2 = new Account(Currency.NEWCOIN, "NewCoin 2", 1, "44'/xxx'/0'/0/1");

Step 5: Add family file (if new family)

File: libs/ledger-live-common/src/e2e/families/newcoin.ts

Ask user: "Does this coin belong to an existing family (evm, bitcoin, cosmos...)?"

• If YES → reuse existing family file
• If NO → create new file with device button/screen steps for signing

import { Transaction } from "../models/Transaction";
import { getSendEvents, containsSubstringInEvent } from "../speculos";
// implement sendNewCoin function

Step 6: Add to speculos.ts

File: libs/ledger-live-common/src/e2e/speculos.ts

6a. Add to specs object:

Newcoin: {
  currency: getCryptoCurrencyById("newcoin"),
  appQuery: {
    model: getSpeculosModel(),
    appName: "Newcoin",
  },
  dependencies: [],
},

6b. Add to signSendTransaction switch:

case Currency.NEWCOIN.id:
  await sendNewCoin(tx);
  break;

Step 7: Add test case to spec

File: e2e/desktop/tests/specs/send.tx.spec.ts

Ask user for: valid unique xray ticket number

{
  transaction: new Transaction(Account.NEWCOIN_1, Account.NEWCOIN_2, "0.001"),
  xrayTicket: "B2CQA-XXXX",
},

Step 8: Rebuild dependencies

pnpm build:lld:deps

Step 9: Test on all devices

REQUIRED: Run the test on all supported device models before considering it complete:

Run tests for each device using the SPECULOS_MODEL environment variable:

SPECULOS_MODEL=nanoS DISABLE_TRANSACTION_BROADCAST=1 pnpm test:desktop e2e:playwright specs/folder/file.spec.ts
SPECULOS_MODEL=nanoSP DISABLE_TRANSACTION_BROADCAST=1 pnpm test:desktop e2e:playwright specs/folder/file.spec.ts
SPECULOS_MODEL=nanoX DISABLE_TRANSACTION_BROADCAST=1 pnpm test:desktop e2e:playwright specs/folder/file.spec.ts
SPECULOS_MODEL=stax DISABLE_TRANSACTION_BROADCAST=1 pnpm test:desktop e2e:playwright specs/folder/file.spec.ts
SPECULOS_MODEL=flex DISABLE_TRANSACTION_BROADCAST=1 pnpm test:desktop e2e:playwright specs/folder/file.spec.ts
SPECULOS_MODEL=nanoGen5 DISABLE_TRANSACTION_BROADCAST=1 pnpm test:desktop e2e:playwright specs/folder/file.spec.ts

Note: Each device may have different button layouts and screen flows. Ensure the family file handles device-specific interactions correctly.

Test Configuration Reference

test.use({
  userdata: "skip-onboarding",
  speculosApp: transaction.accountToDebit.currency.speculosApp,
  cliCommands: [liveDataWithRecipientAddressCommand(transaction)],
});

• Userdata: skip-onboarding, 1AccountBTC1AccountETH
• Speculos: Account.currency.speculosApp
• CLI commands: liveDataCommand, liveDataWithAddressCommand, liveDataWithRecipientAddressCommand

Commands

• Install: pnpm i
• Build deps: pnpm build:lld:deps
• Build testing: pnpm desktop build:testing
• Run test: DISABLE_TRANSACTION_BROADCAST=1 pnpm e2e:desktop test:playwright specs/folder/file.spec.ts
• Debug: PWDEBUG=1 DISABLE_TRANSACTION_BROADCAST=1 pnpm e2e:desktop test:playwright specs/folder/file.spec.ts

Best Practices

• Never use hardcoded timeouts (e.g., page.waitForTimeout(1000))
• Use @step decorator in Page Objects
• Access methods via app fixture (e.g., app.layout, app.send, app.speculos)
• MANDATORY: Test on all 6 device models (LNS, LNSP, LNX, STAX, FLEX, NG5) before marking tests complete

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