Ghost

ghost

Overview

Generate a ghost package (spec + tests + install prompt) from an existing repo.

Preserve behavior, not prose:

• tests.yaml is the behavior contract (operation cases and/or scenarios)
• source tests and/or captured traces are the primary evidence
• code/docs/examples only fill gaps (never contradict evidence)

The output is language-agnostic so it can be implemented in any target language or harness.

Scenario testing frame (for agentic systems / tool loops):

• Given an initial world state + tool surface + user goal
• When the agent runs under realistic constraints and noise
• Then it reaches an acceptable outcome without violating invariants (safety, security, cost, latency, policy)

Fit / limitations

This approach works best when the system’s behavior can be expressed as deterministic data:

• pure-ish operations (input -> output or error)
• a runnable test suite covering the public API

It also works for agentic systems when behavior can be expressed as controlled, replayable scenarios:

• a tool sandbox (stubs/record-replay/simulator)
• machine-checkable oracles (state assertions + trace invariants)
• a deterministic debug mode plus a production-like reliability mode (pass rates)

It also works for layered interface-heavy agentic systems when the source exposes named runtime seams that must survive extraction:

• explicit interfaces or registries (handlers, provider profiles, adapters, execution environments, extension points)
• persisted runtime artifacts with contract significance (events, checkpoints, status files, ledgers)
• normative acceptance or definition-of-done sections that can be tied to executable cases

It gets harder (but is still possible) when the contract depends on time, randomness, IO, concurrency, global state, or platform details. In those cases, make assumptions explicit in SPEC.md + VERIFY.md, and normalize nondeterminism into explicit inputs/outputs.

Hard rules (MUST / MUST NOT)

• MUST treat upstream tests (and for agentic systems: captured traces/eval runs) as authoritative; if docs/examples disagree, prefer evidence and record the discrepancy.
• MUST normalize nondeterminism in the environment/tool surface into explicit inputs/outputs (no implicit "now", random seeds, locale surprises, unordered iteration).
• MUST make model/agent stochasticity explicit and test it as reliability: gate on pass rates + invariant-violation-free runs (not exact-text goldens).
• MUST keep the ghost repo language-agnostic: ship no implementation code, adapter runner, or build tooling.
• MUST paraphrase upstream docs; do not copy text verbatim.
• MUST preserve upstream license files verbatim as LICENSE*.
• MUST produce a verification signal and document it in VERIFY.md (adapter runner preferred; sampling fallback allowed).
• MUST document provenance and regeneration in VERIFY.md (upstream repo + revision, how artifacts were produced, and how to rerun verification).
• MUST choose a tests.yaml contract shape that matches the system style (functional API vs protocol/CLI vs scenario) and keep it consistent across SPEC.md, INSTALL.md, and VERIFY.md.
• MUST document the tests.yaml harness schema when it is non-trivial (callbacks, mutation steps, warnings, multi-step protocol setup, etc.).
  • Recommended artifact: TESTS_SCHEMA.md.
  • INSTALL.md MUST reference it when present.
• MUST minimize skip cases; only skip when deterministic setup is currently infeasible, and record why.
• MUST assert stable machine-interface fields explicitly (required keys, lengths/counts, and state effects), not only loose partial matches.
• MUST treat human-readable warning/error messages as unstable unless tests prove they are part of the public contract.
  • Prefer structured fields (codes) or substring assertions for message checks.
• MUST capture cross-operation state transitions when behavior depends on prior calls (for example session, instance, history, or tool-loop continuity).
• MUST include executable end-to-end loop coverage for each primary stateful workflow (for example create -> act -> persist -> follow-up) with explicit pre/post state assertions.
• MUST treat a stateful workflow as incomplete if only isolated operation cases exist; add scenario coverage in tests.yaml and verification proof before calling extraction done.
• MUST include trace-level invariants for agentic scenarios (for example permission boundaries, confirmation-before-side-effects, injection resistance, budget/step limits).
• MUST prefer oracles that score behavior via state + trace (tool calls, side effects) over brittle final-text matching.
• MUST produce a machine-checkable evidence bundle under verification/evidence/ and fail extraction unless it passes uv run --with pyyaml -- python scripts/verify_evidence.py --bundle <ghost-repo>/verification/evidence.
• MUST keep verification/evidence/inventory.json synchronized with tests.yaml: public_operations must match non-workflow operation ids and primary_workflows must match workflow/scenario ids (coverage_mode defaults to exhaustive; when sampled, include sampled_case_ids).
• MUST ensure every required case id appears in traceability.csv and has at least one baseline (mutated=false) pass row in adapter_results.jsonl (all tests.yaml cases for exhaustive; inventory.json.sampled_case_ids for sampled).
• MUST enforce fail-closed verification thresholds: 100% mapped public operations, 100% mapped primary workflows, and 100% mapped required case ids (all tests for exhaustive; sampled ids for sampled), plus mutation sensitivity and independent regeneration parity passes.
• MUST declare verification coverage mode in VERIFY.md: default exhaustive; sampled is allowed only when full adapter execution is infeasible and must list sampled case ids plus rationale (including inventory.json.sampled_case_ids).
• MUST treat coverage_mode=exhaustive as "all required cases execute and pass"; if a case cannot run, move to coverage_mode=sampled with explicit sampled_case_ids or remove it from the required set instead of leaving it as an unresolved skip.
• MUST define and enforce conformance profiles in generated artifacts: Core Conformance, Extension Conformance, and Real Integration Profile.
• MUST include Conformance Profile, Validation Matrix, and Definition of Done sections in SPEC.md.
• MUST include Summary, Regenerate, Validation Matrix, Traceability Matrix, Mutation Sensitivity, Regeneration Parity, and Limitations sections in VERIFY.md.
• MUST include typed failure classes for extraction/verification failures (for example missing artifacts, parse failures, and contract mismatches).
• MUST require stateful/scenario ghost specs to include lifecycle structure sections in SPEC.md: State Model, Transition Triggers, Recovery/Idempotency, and Reference Algorithm.
• MUST classify a source as layered_agentic when the public contract materially depends on named runtime seams such as provider-specific interfaces, extension registries, execution environments, event surfaces, or persisted artifact contracts.
• MUST require verification/evidence/inventory.json.contract_class=layered_agentic for those extractions and keep default behavior unchanged for ordinary ghost packages.
• MUST require layered_agentic extractions to produce verification/evidence/interface_inventory.json and verification/evidence/contract_traceability.csv.
• MUST require layered_agentic extractions to map named surfaces, boundary invariants, and persisted artifact contracts to explicit case_id values; generated fallback case ids are not sufficient in this mode.
• MUST run the evidence verifier in strict mode by default; legacy bypass is break-glass only (--legacy-allow --legacy-reason "<rationale>") and never default.

Conformance profiles (required)

• Core Conformance:
  • deterministic contract extraction requirements that every ghost package must satisfy
  • strict evidence gates and fail-closed verification
• Extension Conformance:
  • optional behaviors implemented by an extraction for stronger fidelity or ergonomics
  • must be explicitly labeled as optional and tested if claimed
• Real Integration Profile:
  • environment-dependent checks that validate production-like behavior
  • may be skipped only with explicit rationale in VERIFY.md

Profile usage rules:

• SPEC.md and VERIFY.md must state which profile each validation requirement belongs to.
• Validation Matrix and Definition of Done must align with the selected profile labels.
• Stateful/scenario workflows must include lifecycle sections regardless of profile.

Inputs

• Source repo path (git working tree)
• Output repo name/location (default: sibling directory <repo-name>-ghost)
• Upstream identity + revision (remote URL if available; tag/commit SHA)
• Public surface if ambiguous:
  • library: functions/classes/modules
  • agentic system: tool names/schemas, permissions, and side-effect boundaries
• Source language/runtime + how to run upstream tests
• Any required runtime assumptions (timezone, locale, units, encoding)

For scenario-heavy (agentic) extractions, also collect:

• scenario catalog (top user goals + failure modes)
• tool error/latency behaviors (timeouts, 500s, malformed payloads)
• explicit invariants (security, safety, cost, latency, policy)

For layered_agentic extractions, also collect:

• normative source sections (which sections are binding vs explanatory)
• named interface surfaces and extension points
• provider-specific boundary rules that must stay explicit
• persisted artifact contracts (for example checkpoints, event payloads, status files)

Conventions

Operation ids

tests.yaml organizes cases by operation ids (stable identifiers for public API entries). Use a naming scheme that survives translation across languages:

• foo (top-level function)
• module.foo (namespaced function)
• Class#method (instance method)
• Class.method (static/class method)

Avoid language-specific spellings in ids (e.g., avoid snake_case vs camelCase wars). Prefer the canonical name used by the source library’s docs.

For agentic scenario suites, operation ids SHOULD match tool names as the agent sees them (e.g. orders.lookup, tickets.create).

Scenario ids

When using scenario testing, keep scenario ids stable and descriptive:

• refund.create_ticket_with_guardrails
• calendar.reschedule_with_rate_limit
• security.prompt_injection_from_tool_output

Case ids

Every executable case SHOULD carry a stable case_id and use it as the primary key across evidence artifacts.

• Prefer <operation-id>.<behavior> for operation cases.
• For single-case workflow/scenario targets, reusing the workflow/scenario id as case_id is acceptable.
• traceability.csv and adapter_results.jsonl MUST use the same case_id tokens.
• layered_agentic extractions MUST provide explicit case_id on every executable case.

Contract shape

Pick one schema and stay consistent:

• Functional API layout: operation ids at top-level with {name,input,output|error} cases.
• Protocol/CLI layout: top-level meta + operations, where operation ids live under operations and cases include command/state assertions.
• Scenario layout (agentic systems): top-level meta + scenarios, where scenario ids live under scenarios and each scenario defines environment + tools + goal + oracles.

tests.yaml version

tests.yaml MUST include a source version identifier that ties cases to upstream evidence.

• If the upstream library has a release version (SemVer/tag), use it.
• Otherwise, use an immutable source revision identifier (e.g., git:<short-sha> or git describe).
• Functional layout: use top-level version.
• Protocol/CLI layout: keep meta.version for test schema version and include meta.source_version for upstream evidence version.
• Scenario layout: keep meta.version for schema version and include meta.source_version for upstream evidence version.

Workflow (tests-first)

0) Define scope and contract

• Write a one-line problem statement naming the upstream repo/revision and target ghost output path.
• Choose one tests.yaml layout (functional, protocol/CLI, or scenario) and keep it consistent across SPEC.md, INSTALL.md, and VERIFY.md.
• Set success criteria: deterministic cases for every public operation, executable loop coverage for primary stateful workflows, and a recorded verification signal in VERIFY.md.

For agentic systems, define success criteria as:

• critical scenarios expressed in a controlled tool sandbox
• hard oracles + trace-level invariants (no critical violations)
• reliability gates (pass rate thresholds) for production-like runs

1) Scope the source

• Locate the test suite(s), examples, and primary docs (README, API docs, docs site).
• Identify the public API and map each public operation to an operation id.
• Use export/visibility cues to confirm what’s public:
  • JS/TS: package entrypoints + exports/re-exports
  • Python: top-level module + __all__
  • Rust: pub items re-exported from lib.rs
  • Zig: build.zig module graph (root_source_file, addModule, pub usingnamespace) is source of truth; defaults are often src/root.zig (library) and src/main.zig (exe) but repos vary; treat C ABI export as public only if documented
  • C/C++: installed public headers + exported symbols; include macros/constants only if documented as API
  • Go: exported identifiers (Capitalized)
  • Java/C#: public types/members in the target package/namespace
  • Other: use the language’s visibility/export mechanism + published package entrypoints
• Confirm which functions/classes are in scope:
  • public API + tests covering it
  • exclude internal helpers unless tests prove they are part of the contract
• Identify primary user-facing workflows (especially stateful loops) and map each workflow to required operation sequences and state boundaries.

For agentic systems:

• Identify the tool surface (names, schemas, permissions, rate limits).
• Identify the environment/state (what changes when tools are called).
• Identify invariants (safety/security/cost/latency/policy) that must hold across the full trace.
• Build a coverage matrix (functional, robustness, safety/security/abuse, cost/latency).
• Decide the output directory as a new sibling repo unless the user overrides.

For layered_agentic systems:

• Classify the run as contract_class=layered_agentic only when the contract materially depends on named interfaces, extension seams, or persisted artifacts.
• Inventory each named surface as one of: interface, provider_edge, extension_point, event_surface, or artifact_boundary.
• Record which source sections are normative enough to cite as the contract of each surface or invariant.

2) Harvest behavior evidence

• Extract test cases and expected outputs (or scenario traces); treat evidence as authoritative.
• When tests are silent, read code/docs to infer behavior and record the inference.
• Note all boundary values, rounding rules, encoding rules, and error cases.
• If the API promises "copy"/"detached" behavior, harvest mutation-isolation evidence (including nested structure mutation, not just top-level fields).
• For stateful APIs, harvest continuity evidence across steps (persisted ids, history chains, context/tool carry-forward, and reset semantics).
• Normalize environment assumptions:
  • eliminate dependency on current time (use explicit timestamps)
  • force timezone/locale rules if relevant
  • remove nondeterminism (random seeds, unordered iteration)

For scenario suites, also harvest:

• realistic tool failures (timeouts/500s/malformed JSON/partial results) and backoff/retry behavior
• prompt-injection-like tool outputs and required refusal/ignore behavior
• stop conditions (max steps, budget) and graceful halts

For layered_agentic suites, also harvest:

• cross-document boundary rules (which spec or test owns each seam)
• persisted artifact field contracts and lifecycle expectations
• provider-specific behaviors that must remain explicit rather than normalized away

3) Write SPEC.md (strict, language-agnostic)

• Include Conformance Profile, Validation Matrix, and Definition of Done sections.
• Describe types abstractly (number/string/object/timestamp/bytes/etc.).
• For bytes/buffers, define a canonical encoding (hex or base64) and use it consistently in tests.yaml.
• Define normalization rules (e.g., timestamp parsing, string trimming, unicode, case folding).
• Specify error behavior precisely (conditions), but keep the mechanism language-idiomatic.
• Include typed failure classes in the spec surface (machine-checkable failure names/codes where possible).
• Specify every public operation with inputs, outputs, rules, and edge cases.
• When an operation yields both a "prepared" value and a "persisted delta" (or similar), define the delta derivation mechanically (slice/filter/identity rules) and test it.
• Specify cross-operation invariants for primary workflows (state transitions, required ordering, and continuity guarantees).
• For scenarios, specify:
  • state model and transition triggers
  • recovery/idempotency behavior
  • reference algorithm overview (language-agnostic)
  • environment state model and reset semantics
  • tool surface contracts (schemas, permissions, rate limits)
  • invariants as explicit, testable rules (trace-level)
• For layered_agentic specs, also include:
  • Interface Surfaces with named surfaces, kinds, layers, and source references
  • Boundary Contracts describing the explicit cross-surface rules that implementations must preserve
  • Extension Points describing registries, hooks, or provider-specific seams that are part of the public contract
  • Persistent Artifacts describing contract-bearing files or event payloads and their required fields
• Paraphrase source docs; do not copy text verbatim.
• Use references/templates.md for structure.

4) Generate tests.yaml (exhaustive)

• Convert each source test into a YAML case under its operation id.
• Include the source version identifier (version or meta.source_version).
• Schema is intentionally strict and portable; choose the contract shape from Conventions:
  • Functional layout:
    • each case has name, input, and a stable case_id (recommended)
    • each case has exactly one of output or error: true
  • Protocol/CLI layout:
    • top-level meta + operations
    • each case has case_id, name, input, and deterministic expected outcomes (for example exit_code, machine-readable stdout assertions, and state assertions)
  • keep to a portable YAML subset (no anchors/tags/binary) so it is easy to parse in many languages
  • quote ambiguous scalars (yes, no, on, off, null) to avoid parser disagreements
• Normalize inputs to deterministic values (avoid "now"; use explicit timestamps).
• Keep or improve coverage across all public operations and failure modes.
• Add scenario cases for primary stateful workflows so the contract proves end-to-end loop behavior, not only per-operation correctness.
• For agentic systems, prefer the scenario layout and define each scenario as:
  • initial state (what the agent knows + world state)
  • tool sandbox (stubs/record-replay/simulator) and permissions
  • dynamics (how the world responds to tool calls, including failures/delays)
  • success criteria (final state and/or required tool side effects)
  • oracles (hard assertions + trace invariants; optional rubric judge)
• Prefer exact/value-complete assertions for stable output fields; use partial assertions only when fields are intentionally volatile.
• If assertions use path lookups, define path resolver semantics in TESTS_SCHEMA.md (root object, dot segments, [index] arrays, and "missing path fails assertion").
• For warning/error message checks, prefer substring assertions unless the exact wording is itself part of the upstream contract.
• If tests.yaml includes harness directives beyond basic {name,input,output|error} (e.g. callbacks by label, mutation steps, warning sinks, setup scripts), document them in TESTS_SCHEMA.md.
• Keep skip rare; every skip must include a concrete reason and be accounted for in VERIFY.md.
• If the extraction is layered_agentic, require explicit case_id on every executable case and map those ids into surface/invariant/artifact evidence; do not rely on verifier-generated fallback ids.
• If the source returns floats, prefer defining stable rounding/formatting rules so output is exact.
• Follow the format in references/templates.md.

5) Add INSTALL.md + README.md + VERIFY.md + LICENSE*

• INSTALL.md: a short prompt for implementing the library in any language, referencing SPEC.md and tests.yaml.
• README.md: explain what the ghost library is, list operations, and describe the included files.
• TESTS_SCHEMA.md (when needed): define the tests.yaml harness schema and any callback catalogs or side-effect capture requirements.
• VERIFY.md: describe provenance + how the ghost artifacts were produced and verified against the source library (adapter-first; sampling fallback).
  • include Summary, Regenerate, Validation Matrix, Traceability Matrix, Mutation Sensitivity, Regeneration Parity, and Limitations sections
  • for layered_agentic extractions, also include Normative Source Map, Surface Coverage Matrix, Boundary Invariants, and Artifact Contract Coverage
  • include upstream repo identity + exact revision (tag or commit)
  • include the exact commands used to produce each artifact (or a single deterministic regeneration recipe)
  • include the exact commands used to run verification and the resulting pass/skip counts
  • include any environment normalization assumptions
  • include a summary of verification/evidence/ and the verifier command/result
  • if legacy verifier bypass is used, include explicit break-glass rationale and follow-up remediation plan
• LICENSE*: preserve the upstream repo’s license files verbatim.
  • copy common files like LICENSE, LICENSE.md, COPYING*
  • if no license file exists upstream, include a LICENSE file stating that no upstream license was found

6) Verify fidelity (must do)

• Ensure tests.yaml parses and case counts match or exceed the source tests covering the public API.
• Ensure every operation id has at least one executable (non-skip) case unless infeasible, and list any exceptions in VERIFY.md.
• Preferred: create a temporary adapter runner in the source language to run tests.yaml against the upstream system (library or agent).
  • if the source language has weak YAML tooling, parse YAML externally and dispatch into the library via a tiny CLI/FFI shim
  • assert expected outcomes match exactly (outputs/errors for functional layout; exit/status/payload/state assertions for protocol layout)
  • for stateful workflows, execute end-to-end loop scenarios and assert continuity/persistence effects across steps
  • delete the adapter afterward; do not ship it in the ghost repo
  • summarize how to run it (and results) in VERIFY.md
• Build a fail-closed evidence bundle in verification/evidence/:
  • inventory.json (public operations + primary workflows, including reset requirements; optional coverage_mode, and sampled_case_ids when coverage_mode=sampled; optional contract_class=default|layered_agentic, defaulting to default)
  • traceability.csv (operation/workflow -> case ids -> proof artifact -> adapter run id)
  • workflow_loops.json (loop cases + continuity assertions + reset assertions when required)
  • adapter_results.jsonl (case-level results with run_id, case_id, status, and mutation marker)
  • mutation_check.json (required mutation count + detected failures + pass/fail)
  • parity.json (independent regeneration parity verdict + diff count)
  • interface_inventory.json (layered_agentic only: surfaces, boundary_invariants, and artifact_contracts, each with source_refs and required_case_ids)
  • contract_traceability.csv (layered_agentic only: target_type,target_id,case_id,proof_artifact,adapter_run_id, where target_type is surface|invariant|artifact)
• Run uv run --with pyyaml -- python scripts/verify_evidence.py --bundle <ghost-repo>/verification/evidence; non-zero exit means extraction is incomplete.
• Strict mode is default and fail-closed. Use --legacy-allow --legacy-reason "<rationale>" only for explicit manual break-glass migrations.
• For stochastic agentic systems:
  • run scenarios in two modes:
    • deterministic debug mode (stable tool outputs; fixed seed when possible)
    • production-like mode (real sampling settings)
  • run each critical scenario N times and record pass rate + cost/latency distributions
  • release gates: no critical invariant violations and pass rate meets threshold
• If a full adapter is infeasible:
  • run a representative sample across all operation ids (typical + boundary + error)
  • document the limitation clearly in VERIFY.md
• Use references/verification.md for a checklist and VERIFY.md template.

Reproducibility and regen policy

• The ghost repo must be reproducible: a future developer should be able to point at the upstream revision and rerun the extraction + verification.
• Do not add regeneration scripts as tracked files unless the user explicitly asks; put the recipe in VERIFY.md instead.

Output

Produce only these artifacts in the ghost repo:

• README.md
• SPEC.md
• tests.yaml
• TESTS_SCHEMA.md (optional; include when tests.yaml has non-trivial harness semantics)
• INSTALL.md
• VERIFY.md
• verification/evidence/inventory.json
• verification/evidence/traceability.csv
• verification/evidence/workflow_loops.json
• verification/evidence/adapter_results.jsonl
• verification/evidence/mutation_check.json
• verification/evidence/parity.json
• verification/evidence/interface_inventory.json (layered_agentic only)
• verification/evidence/contract_traceability.csv (layered_agentic only)
• verification/evidence/structure_contract.json (optional, recommended for explicit structure policy)
• LICENSE* (copied from upstream)
• .gitignore (optional, minimal)

Notes

• Prefer precision over verbosity; rules should be unambiguous and testable.
• Keep the ghost repo free of implementation code and packaging scaffolding.

Zig notes

• Running upstream tests: prefer zig build test (if build.zig defines tests); otherwise zig test path/to/file.zig for the library root and any test entrypoints.
• Operation ids for methods: treat a first parameter named self of type T/*T as an instance method (T#method); otherwise use T.method.
• comptime parameters: record allowed values in SPEC.md, and represent them as ordinary fields in tests.yaml inputs.
• Allocators/buffers: if the API takes std.mem.Allocator or caller-provided buffers, specify ownership and mutation rules; assume allocations succeed unless tests cover OOM.
• Errors:
  • Functional layout: keep tests.yaml strict (error: true only); in a Zig adapter, treat "any error return" as a passing error case and rely on SPEC.md for exact conditions.
  • Protocol/CLI layout: prefer explicit machine-readable error payload assertions plus exit codes.
• YAML tooling: Zig stdlib has JSON but not YAML; for adapters/implementations it’s fine to convert tests.yaml to JSON (or JSONL) as an intermediate and have a Zig runner parse it via std.json.

Resources

• references/templates.md (artifact outlines and YAML format)
• references/verification.md (verification checklist + VERIFY.md template)

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