Github Actions Guidelines

CI/CD Guidelines

Core Principles

1. Automate everything - No manual steps in the release process
2. Fail fast - Run quick checks first
3. Reproducible builds - Same inputs produce same outputs
4. Security first - Scan for vulnerabilities, manage secrets
5. Observable - Know what's deployed where

Pipeline Structure

Standard Pipeline Stages

Customize for your project: Examples below use npm commands and Node 20 LTS. Adjust node-version, install/script commands, and {{BUILD_OUTPUT}} path (dist, build, .next, out) to match your project. For yarn/pnpm, replace npm ci with yarn install --frozen-lockfile or pnpm install --frozen-lockfile and update the cache: value.

# .github/workflows/ci.yml
name: CI

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  # Stage 1: Quick checks (fail fast)
  lint:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '20'
          cache: 'npm'
      - run: npm ci
      - run: npm run lint

  typecheck:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '20'
          cache: 'npm'
      - run: npm ci
      - run: npm run typecheck

  # Stage 2: Tests (after lint passes)
  test:
    needs: [lint, typecheck]
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '20'
          cache: 'npm'
      - run: npm ci
      - run: npm run test:coverage
      - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
        with:
          files: ./coverage/lcov.info

  # Stage 3: Build
  build:
    needs: [test]
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '20'
          cache: 'npm'
      - run: npm ci
      - run: npm run build
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: build
          path: {{BUILD_OUTPUT}}/

  # Stage 4: Security scan
  security:
    needs: [build]
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - run: npm audit --audit-level=high
      - uses: snyk/actions/node@master
        env:
          SNYK_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SNYK_TOKEN }}

Pull Request Checks

# .github/workflows/pr.yml
name: PR Checks

on:
  pull_request:
    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]

jobs:
  pr-validation:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0  # For commit history

      # Check PR size
      - name: Check PR size
        run: |
          ADDITIONS=$(gh pr view ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }} --json additions -q '.additions')
          if [ "$ADDITIONS" -gt 800 ]; then
            echo "::warning::Large PR with $ADDITIONS additions. Consider splitting."
          fi
        env:
          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

      # Check commit messages
      - name: Validate commits
        run: |
          git log origin/main..HEAD --format='%s' | while read msg; do
            if ! echo "$msg" | grep -qE '^(feat|fix|docs|style|refactor|perf|test|chore|ci|revert)(\(.+\))?: .+'; then
              echo "::error::Invalid commit message: $msg"
              exit 1
            fi
          done

      # Run tests for changed files only
      - name: Test changed files
        run: |
          npm ci
          npm test -- --changedSince=origin/main

Caching

Dependency Caching

- uses: actions/setup-node@v4
  with:
    node-version: '20'
    cache: 'npm'  # Built-in caching

# Or manual cache for more control
- uses: actions/cache@v4
  with:
    path: |
      ~/.npm
      node_modules
    key: ${{ runner.os }}-node-${{ hashFiles('**/package-lock.json') }}
    restore-keys: |
      ${{ runner.os }}-node-

Build Caching

# Adjust paths for your framework (e.g., .next/cache for Next.js, .nuxt for Nuxt)
- uses: actions/cache@v4
  with:
    path: |
      {{FRAMEWORK_CACHE}}
      {{BUILD_OUTPUT}}/.cache
    key: ${{ runner.os }}-build-${{ hashFiles('src/**') }}
    restore-keys: |
      ${{ runner.os }}-build-

Secrets Management

Using Secrets

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Deploy
        env:
          API_KEY: ${{ secrets.API_KEY }}
          DATABASE_URL: ${{ secrets.DATABASE_URL }}
        run: |
          # Secrets are masked in logs
          ./deploy.sh

      # For deployment environments
      - name: Deploy to production
        environment: production  # Uses environment-specific secrets
        env:
          API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PROD_API_KEY }}
        run: ./deploy.sh

Secrets Best Practices

# Never echo secrets
- run: echo ${{ secrets.API_KEY }}  # BAD - masked but avoid

# Use environment variables
- env:
    API_KEY: ${{ secrets.API_KEY }}
  run: ./script.sh  # Script reads from env

# Rotate secrets regularly
# Use OIDC for cloud providers instead of long-lived credentials
- uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v4
  with:
    role-to-assume: arn:aws:iam::123456789:role/deploy
    aws-region: us-east-1

Known Gotchas

Workflow Permissions

# Default permissions are restrictive
permissions:
  contents: read
  pull-requests: write  # If you need to comment on PRs
  issues: write         # If you need to create issues

Checkout Depth

# Shallow clone by default - some operations need full history
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
  with:
    fetch-depth: 0  # Full history for versioning/changelogs

Concurrent Runs

# Prevent concurrent deployments
concurrency:
  group: deploy-${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: false  # Don't cancel running deploys

Environment Variables in Scripts

# Variables aren't available in run scripts by default
- run: echo $MY_VAR  # Won't work

# Must set in env
- env:
    MY_VAR: ${{ vars.MY_VAR }}
  run: echo $MY_VAR  # Works

Additional References

• Deployment Strategies & Release Management
• Quality Gates, Notifications & Performance Optimization

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