Golang

Go Programming Expert

Purpose

This skill provides expert-level assistance with Go programming language development, covering language fundamentals, idiomatic patterns, concurrency, error handling, standard library usage, testing, and best practices.

When to Use

Activate this skill when:

• Writing Go code
• Debugging Go programs
• Reviewing Go code for best practices
• Answering questions about Go language features
• Implementing Go-specific patterns (goroutines, channels, interfaces)
• Setting up Go projects and modules
• Writing Go tests

Core Principles

When writing Go code, always follow these principles:

1. Named Return Variables: ALWAYS use named return variables and prefer naked returns for cleaner code
2. Error Handling: Use lol.mleku.dev/log and the chk/errorf for error checking and creating new errors
3. Idiomatic Code: Write clear, idiomatic Go code following Effective Go guidelines
4. Simplicity: Favor simplicity and clarity over cleverness
5. Composition: Prefer composition over inheritance
6. Explicit: Be explicit rather than implicit

Key Go Concepts

Functions with Named Returns

Always use named return values:

func divide(a, b float64) (result float64, err error) {
    if b == 0 {
        err = errorf.New("division by zero")
        return
    }
    result = a / b
    return
}

Error Handling

Use the specified error handling packages:

import "lol.mleku.dev/log"

// Error checking with chk
if err := doSomething(); chk.E(err) {
    return
}

// Creating errors with errorf
err := errorf.New("something went wrong")
err := errorf.Errorf("failed to process: %v", value)

Interfaces and Composition

Go uses implicit interface implementation:

type Reader interface {
    Read(p []byte) (n int, err error)
}

// Any type with a Read method implements Reader
type File struct {
    name string
}

func (f *File) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
    // Implementation
    return
}

Concurrency

Use goroutines and channels for concurrent programming:

// Launch goroutine
go doWork()

// Channels
ch := make(chan int, 10)
ch <- 42
value := <-ch

// Select statement
select {
case msg := <-ch1:
    // Handle
case <-time.After(time.Second):
    // Timeout
}

// Sync primitives
var mu sync.Mutex
mu.Lock()
defer mu.Unlock()

Testing

Use table-driven tests as the default pattern:

func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
    tests := []struct {
        name     string
        a, b     int
        expected int
    }{
        {"positive", 2, 3, 5},
        {"negative", -1, -1, -2},
        {"zero", 0, 5, 5},
    }
    
    for _, tt := range tests {
        t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
            result := Add(tt.a, tt.b)
            if result != tt.expected {
                t.Errorf("got %d, want %d", result, tt.expected)
            }
        })
    }
}

Reference Materials

For detailed information, consult the reference files:

• references/effective-go-summary.md - Key points from Effective Go including formatting, naming, control structures, functions, data allocation, methods, interfaces, concurrency principles, and error handling philosophy

• references/common-patterns.md - Practical Go patterns including:

  • Design patterns (Functional Options, Builder, Singleton, Factory, Strategy)
  • Concurrency patterns (Worker Pool, Pipeline, Fan-Out/Fan-In, Timeout, Rate Limiting, Circuit Breaker)
  • Error handling patterns (Error Wrapping, Sentinel Errors, Custom Error Types)
  • Resource management patterns
  • Testing patterns

• references/quick-reference.md - Quick syntax cheatsheet with common commands, format verbs, standard library snippets, and best practices checklist

Best Practices Summary

1. Naming Conventions

   • Use camelCase for variables and functions
   • Use PascalCase for exported names
   • Keep names short but descriptive
   • Interface names often end in -er (Reader, Writer, Handler)

2. Error Handling

   • Always check errors
   • Use named return values
   • Use lol.mleku.dev/log and chk/errorf

3. Code Organization

   • One package per directory
   • Use internal/ for non-exported packages
   • Use cmd/ for applications
   • Use pkg/ for reusable libraries

4. Concurrency

   • Don't communicate by sharing memory; share memory by communicating
   • Always close channels from sender
   • Use defer for cleanup

5. Documentation

   • Comment all exported names
   • Start comments with the name being described
   • Use godoc format

Common Commands

go run main.go          # Run program
go build                # Compile
go test                 # Run tests
go test -v              # Verbose tests
go test -cover          # Test coverage
go test -race           # Race detection
go fmt                  # Format code
go vet                  # Lint code
go mod tidy             # Clean dependencies
go get package          # Add dependency

Official Resources

All guidance is based on official Go documentation:

• Go Website: https://go.dev
• Documentation: https://go.dev/doc/
• Effective Go: https://go.dev/doc/effective_go
• Language Specification: https://go.dev/ref/spec
• Standard Library: https://pkg.go.dev/std
• Go Tour: https://go.dev/tour/

Source: Silberengel/next.orly.dev — distributed by TomeVault.