Jest Testing

Jest Testing Expertise

You are an expert in Jest testing framework with deep knowledge of its configuration, matchers, mocks, and best practices for testing JavaScript and TypeScript applications.

Your Capabilities

1. Jest Configuration: Setup, configuration files, environments, and presets
2. Matchers & Assertions: Built-in and custom matchers, asymmetric matchers
3. Mocking: Mock functions, modules, timers, and external dependencies
4. Snapshot Testing: Inline and external snapshots, snapshot updates
5. Code Coverage: Coverage configuration, thresholds, and reports
6. Test Organization: Describe blocks, hooks, test filtering
7. React Testing: Testing React components with Jest DOM and RTL

When to Use This Skill

Claude should automatically invoke this skill when:

• The user mentions Jest, jest.config, or Jest-specific features
• Files matching *.test.js, *.test.ts, *.test.jsx, *.test.tsx are encountered
• The user asks about mocking, snapshots, or Jest matchers
• The conversation involves testing React, Node.js, or JavaScript apps
• Jest configuration or setup is discussed

How to Use This Skill

Accessing Resources

Use {baseDir} to reference files in this skill directory:

• Scripts: {baseDir}/scripts/
• Documentation: {baseDir}/references/
• Templates: {baseDir}/assets/

Progressive Discovery

1. Start with core Jest expertise
2. Reference specific documentation as needed
3. Provide code examples from templates

Available Resources

This skill includes ready-to-use resources in {baseDir}:

• references/jest-cheatsheet.md - Quick reference for matchers, mocks, async patterns, and CLI commands
• assets/test-file.template.ts - Complete test templates for unit tests, async tests, class tests, mock tests, React components, and hooks
• scripts/check-jest-setup.sh - Validates Jest configuration and dependencies

Jest Best Practices

Test Structure

describe('ComponentName', () => {
  beforeEach(() => {
    // Setup
  });

  afterEach(() => {
    // Cleanup
  });

  describe('method or behavior', () => {
    it('should do expected thing when condition', () => {
      // Arrange
      // Act
      // Assert
    });
  });
});

Mocking Patterns

Mock Functions

const mockFn = jest.fn();
mockFn.mockReturnValue('value');
mockFn.mockResolvedValue('async value');
mockFn.mockImplementation((arg) => arg * 2);

Mock Modules

jest.mock('./module', () => ({
  func: jest.fn().mockReturnValue('mocked'),
}));

Mock Timers

jest.useFakeTimers();
jest.advanceTimersByTime(1000);
jest.runAllTimers();

Common Matchers

expect(value).toBe(expected);          // Strict equality
expect(value).toEqual(expected);       // Deep equality
expect(value).toBeTruthy();            // Truthy
expect(value).toContain(item);         // Array/string contains
expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(args); // Function called with
expect(value).toMatchSnapshot();       // Snapshot
expect(fn).toThrow(error);             // Throws

Async Testing

// Promises
it('async test', async () => {
  await expect(asyncFn()).resolves.toBe('value');
});

// Callbacks
it('callback test', (done) => {
  callbackFn((result) => {
    expect(result).toBe('value');
    done();
  });
});

Jest Configuration

Basic Configuration

// jest.config.js
module.exports = {
  testEnvironment: 'node', // or 'jsdom'
  roots: ['<rootDir>/src'],
  testMatch: ['**/__tests__/**/*.ts', '**/*.test.ts'],
  transform: {
    '^.+\\.tsx?$': 'ts-jest',
  },
  moduleNameMapper: {
    '^@/(.*)$': '<rootDir>/src/$1',
  },
  coverageThreshold: {
    global: {
      branches: 80,
      functions: 80,
      lines: 80,
      statements: 80,
    },
  },
};

React Testing Library

Setup with Custom Render

// test-utils.tsx
import { render, RenderOptions } from '@testing-library/react';
import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from '@tanstack/react-query';
import { BrowserRouter } from 'react-router-dom';

const AllProviders = ({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) => {
  const queryClient = new QueryClient({
    defaultOptions: { queries: { retry: false } },
  });

  return (
    <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
      <BrowserRouter>
        {children}
      </BrowserRouter>
    </QueryClientProvider>
  );
};

export const renderWithProviders = (
  ui: React.ReactElement,
  options?: RenderOptions
) => render(ui, { wrapper: AllProviders, ...options });

export * from '@testing-library/react';

Query Priority (Best to Worst)

// 1. Accessible queries (best)
screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Submit' });
screen.getByLabelText('Email');
screen.getByPlaceholderText('Enter email');
screen.getByText('Welcome');

// 2. Semantic queries
screen.getByAltText('Profile picture');
screen.getByTitle('Close');

// 3. Test IDs (last resort)
screen.getByTestId('submit-button');

User Interactions

import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event';

test('form submission', async () => {
  const user = userEvent.setup();
  render(<LoginForm />);

  // Type in inputs
  await user.type(screen.getByLabelText('Email'), 'test@example.com');
  await user.type(screen.getByLabelText('Password'), 'password123');

  // Click button
  await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Sign in' }));

  // Check result
  await waitFor(() => {
    expect(screen.getByText('Welcome!')).toBeInTheDocument();
  });
});

test('keyboard navigation', async () => {
  const user = userEvent.setup();
  render(<Form />);

  await user.tab(); // Focus first element
  await user.keyboard('{Enter}'); // Press enter
  await user.keyboard('[ShiftLeft>][Tab][/ShiftLeft]'); // Shift+Tab
});

Testing Hooks

import { renderHook, act } from '@testing-library/react';
import { useCounter } from './useCounter';

test('useCounter increments', () => {
  const { result } = renderHook(() => useCounter());

  expect(result.current.count).toBe(0);

  act(() => {
    result.current.increment();
  });

  expect(result.current.count).toBe(1);
});

// With wrapper for context
test('hook with context', () => {
  const wrapper = ({ children }) => (
    <ThemeProvider theme="dark">{children}</ThemeProvider>
  );

  const { result } = renderHook(() => useTheme(), { wrapper });
  expect(result.current.theme).toBe('dark');
});

Async Assertions

import { waitFor, waitForElementToBeRemoved } from '@testing-library/react';

test('async loading', async () => {
  render(<DataFetcher />);

  // Wait for loading to disappear
  await waitForElementToBeRemoved(() => screen.queryByText('Loading...'));

  // Wait for content
  await waitFor(() => {
    expect(screen.getByText('Data loaded')).toBeInTheDocument();
  });

  // With timeout
  await waitFor(
    () => expect(screen.getByText('Slow content')).toBeInTheDocument(),
    { timeout: 5000 }
  );
});

Network Mocking with MSW

Setup

// src/mocks/handlers.ts
import { http, HttpResponse } from 'msw';

export const handlers = [
  http.get('/api/users', () => {
    return HttpResponse.json([
      { id: 1, name: 'John' },
      { id: 2, name: 'Jane' },
    ]);
  }),

  http.post('/api/users', async ({ request }) => {
    const body = await request.json();
    return HttpResponse.json({ id: 3, ...body }, { status: 201 });
  }),

  http.delete('/api/users/:id', ({ params }) => {
    return HttpResponse.json({ deleted: params.id });
  }),
];

// src/mocks/server.ts
import { setupServer } from 'msw/node';
import { handlers } from './handlers';

export const server = setupServer(...handlers);

Jest Setup

// jest.setup.ts
import { server } from './src/mocks/server';

beforeAll(() => server.listen({ onUnhandledRequest: 'error' }));
afterEach(() => server.resetHandlers());
afterAll(() => server.close());

Test-Specific Handlers

import { server } from '../mocks/server';
import { http, HttpResponse } from 'msw';

test('handles error response', async () => {
  // Override for this test only
  server.use(
    http.get('/api/users', () => {
      return HttpResponse.json(
        { error: 'Server error' },
        { status: 500 }
      );
    })
  );

  render(<UserList />);

  await waitFor(() => {
    expect(screen.getByText('Failed to load users')).toBeInTheDocument();
  });
});

test('handles network error', async () => {
  server.use(
    http.get('/api/users', () => {
      return HttpResponse.error();
    })
  );

  render(<UserList />);

  await waitFor(() => {
    expect(screen.getByText('Network error')).toBeInTheDocument();
  });
});

Request Assertions

test('sends correct request', async () => {
  let capturedRequest: Request | null = null;

  server.use(
    http.post('/api/users', async ({ request }) => {
      capturedRequest = request.clone();
      return HttpResponse.json({ id: 1 });
    })
  );

  render(<CreateUserForm />);

  await userEvent.type(screen.getByLabelText('Name'), 'John');
  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Create' }));

  await waitFor(() => {
    expect(capturedRequest).not.toBeNull();
  });

  const body = await capturedRequest!.json();
  expect(body).toEqual({ name: 'John' });
});

Custom Matchers

Creating Custom Matchers

// jest.setup.ts
expect.extend({
  toBeWithinRange(received: number, floor: number, ceiling: number) {
    const pass = received >= floor && received <= ceiling;
    return {
      pass,
      message: () =>
        pass
          ? `expected ${received} not to be within range ${floor} - ${ceiling}`
          : `expected ${received} to be within range ${floor} - ${ceiling}`,
    };
  },

  toHaveBeenCalledOnceWith(received: jest.Mock, ...args: unknown[]) {
    const pass =
      received.mock.calls.length === 1 &&
      JSON.stringify(received.mock.calls[0]) === JSON.stringify(args);
    return {
      pass,
      message: () =>
        pass
          ? `expected not to be called once with ${args}`
          : `expected to be called once with ${args}, but was called ${received.mock.calls.length} times`,
    };
  },
});

// Type declarations
declare global {
  namespace jest {
    interface Matchers<R> {
      toBeWithinRange(floor: number, ceiling: number): R;
      toHaveBeenCalledOnceWith(...args: unknown[]): R;
    }
  }
}

Asymmetric Matchers

test('asymmetric matchers', () => {
  const data = {
    id: 123,
    name: 'Test',
    createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
  };

  expect(data).toEqual({
    id: expect.any(Number),
    name: expect.stringContaining('Test'),
    createdAt: expect.stringMatching(/^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}/),
  });

  expect(['a', 'b', 'c']).toEqual(
    expect.arrayContaining(['a', 'c'])
  );

  expect({ a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }).toEqual(
    expect.objectContaining({ a: 1, b: 2 })
  );
});

Debugging Jest Tests

Debug Output

import { screen } from '@testing-library/react';

test('debugging', () => {
  render(<MyComponent />);

  // Print DOM
  screen.debug();

  // Print specific element
  screen.debug(screen.getByRole('button'));

  // Get readable DOM
  console.log(prettyDOM(container));
});

Finding Slow Tests

# Run with verbose timing
jest --verbose

# Detect open handles
jest --detectOpenHandles

# Run tests serially to find interactions
jest --runInBand

Common Debug Patterns

// Check what's in the DOM
test('debug queries', () => {
  render(<MyComponent />);

  // Log all available roles
  screen.getByRole(''); // Will error with available roles

  // Check accessible name
  screen.logTestingPlaygroundURL(); // Opens playground
});

// Debug async issues
test('async debug', async () => {
  render(<AsyncComponent />);

  // Use findBy for async elements
  const element = await screen.findByText('Loaded');

  // Log state at each step
  screen.debug();
});

CI/CD Integration

GitHub Actions Workflow

# .github/workflows/test.yml
name: Tests

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '20'
          cache: 'npm'

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci

      - name: Run tests
        run: npm test -- --coverage --ci

      - name: Upload coverage
        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
        with:
          files: ./coverage/lcov.info

Jest CI Configuration

// jest.config.js
module.exports = {
  // ... other config

  // CI-specific settings
  ...(process.env.CI && {
    maxWorkers: 2,
    ci: true,
    coverageReporters: ['lcov', 'text-summary'],
  }),

  // Coverage thresholds
  coverageThreshold: {
    global: {
      branches: 80,
      functions: 80,
      lines: 80,
      statements: 80,
    },
  },
};

Caching Dependencies

# In GitHub Actions
- name: Cache Jest
  uses: actions/cache@v3
  with:
    path: |
      node_modules/.cache/jest
    key: jest-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('**/jest.config.js') }}

Common Issues & Solutions

Issue: Tests are slow

• Use jest.mock() for expensive modules
• Run tests in parallel with --maxWorkers
• Use beforeAll for expensive setup
• Mock network requests with MSW

Issue: Flaky tests

• Mock timers for timing-dependent code
• Use waitFor for async state changes
• Avoid shared mutable state
• Use findBy queries for async elements

Issue: Mock not working

• Ensure mock is before import
• Use jest.resetModules() between tests
• Check module path matches exactly
• Use jest.doMock() for dynamic mocks

Issue: Memory leaks

• Clean up in afterEach
• Mock timers with jest.useFakeTimers()
• Use --detectLeaks flag
• Check for unresolved promises

Examples

Example 1: Testing a React Component

When testing React components:

1. Check for React Testing Library usage
2. Verify proper queries (getByRole, getByLabelText)
3. Test user interactions with userEvent
4. Assert on accessible elements

Example 2: Testing API Calls

When testing code that makes API calls:

1. Mock fetch or axios at module level
2. Test success and error scenarios
3. Verify request parameters
4. Test loading states

Version Compatibility

The patterns in this skill require the following minimum versions:

Migration Notes

MSW v1 → v2:

// v1 (deprecated)
import { rest } from 'msw';
rest.get('/api', (req, res, ctx) => res(ctx.json(data)));

// v2 (current)
import { http, HttpResponse } from 'msw';
http.get('/api', () => HttpResponse.json(data));

user-event v13 → v14:

// v13 (deprecated)
userEvent.click(button);

// v14 (current)
const user = userEvent.setup();
await user.click(button);

Important Notes

• Jest is automatically invoked by Claude when relevant
• Always check for jest.config.js/ts for project-specific settings
• Use {baseDir} variable to reference skill resources
• Prefer Testing Library queries over direct DOM access for React

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