Learn

Learn — Update AI Tool Configuration From Experience

Purpose

After completing a task, turn what you learned into native artifacts for all configured AI tools so the next task benefits automatically. The output is always a rule, agent update, or context file update — never a log file or template.

When to Use

Manual Trigger

• After any task where something surprised you or went wrong
• After discovering a pattern worth preserving
• After stepping on a landmine that wasn't documented
• After working in a module that had no CLAUDE.md context
• Skip for routine tasks where nothing new was learned

Automatic Trigger (run without being asked)

Run /learn automatically when any of these signals occur during a session:

Auto-trigger workflow:

1. Detect the signal during normal work
2. Finish the immediate fix or correction first
3. Then run /learn — start from Step 1 below
4. The signal itself provides the learning — you don't need the user to describe it

Content Depth

Generated rules must carry enough depth to be genuinely useful. Use two content structures from the project's knowledge base:

• Pattern structure (skills/_references/patterns/_TEMPLATE.md) — for conventions and reusable approaches. Follow the full template: Virtues (which code virtues it serves), When to Use, Problem It Solves, Core Approach with step-by-step code examples, Complete Example, Best Practices, Common Mistakes with wrong/fix code, Variations, Testing This Pattern, Performance Considerations, Related patterns and landmines, Changelog.
• Landmine structure (skills/_references/landmines/_TEMPLATE.md) — for danger zones and known traps. Follow the full template: Severity with evidence, Threatens (which code virtues it endangers), Symptoms, Root Cause, The Trap, Safe Approach (Don't/Do with code), Validation, Real-World Impact (cite specific instances), Prevention, Related patterns and landmines, Origin, Changelog.
• Code Virtues (skills/_references/virtues/code-virtues.md) — the 7 code virtues (Working, Unique, Simple, Clear, Easy, Developed, Brief) used to tag patterns and landmines.

Line limits:

• Context files (CLAUDE.md, AGENTS.md): MUST stay under 100 lines (max 125 if critical context would be lost). Split into multiple scoped files rather than exceeding.
• Pattern and landmine rules: Should be as detailed as the templates require — typically 50-150 lines. Depth and working code examples matter more than brevity.

Workflow

Step 1: Identify What Was Learned

Ask these questions about the completed task:

1. Surprises — Did anything behave differently than expected?
2. Friction — Where did you slow down, get stuck, or make a mistake?
3. Patterns — Did you discover a reusable approach that should be followed again?
4. Danger zones — Did you find an area that's more fragile or complex than it appeared?
5. Vocabulary — Did any terms turn out to mean something non-obvious?
6. Rule gaps — Did an existing rule fail to fire, or was a rule missing?

If the answer to all of these is "nothing" — skip the rest. Not every task produces learnings.

Step 2: Decide What to Create or Update

Map each learning to the right artifact:

Step 2.5: Detect Conflicts With Existing Configuration

Before generating artifacts, check whether any new learning contradicts, replaces, or narrows something already documented. This step prevents silently overwriting rules that still apply to existing code.

Actions:

1. For each learning identified in Step 1, read the existing rules, CLAUDE.md files, and context files that cover the same area
2. Classify the relationship between the new learning and existing content:

3. For each Contradicts or Narrows conflict, present the user with the conflict and ask which resolution applies:

Resolution options:

Do not silently replace existing rules. Old code may still depend on existing guidance. Prompting ensures no working guidance is lost.

Tag Conventions

[DEPRECATED — migrate to X] — Added to rules, CLAUDE.md sections, or context content that still applies to existing code but should not be used for new code.

Format in rules:

---
paths: ["src/legacy/**"]
---

[DEPRECATED — migrate to new-pattern. See `.claude/rules/new-pattern.md`]

Use old-pattern for files in this directory.

Format in CLAUDE.md sections:

## Error Handling

[DEPRECATED — migrate to centralized error handler. See `Architecture` section.]

This module uses inline try/catch with local error formatting...

<!-- [SUPERSEDES] old-name — reason --> — Added as a comment to the new artifact that replaced an old one, for traceability.

---
paths: ["src/**"]
---

<!-- [SUPERSEDES] old-error-handling — team adopted centralized error handler -->

Use the shared error handler for all error responses.

Tag lifecycle:

• [DEPRECATED] tags are reviewed whenever /learn runs — if the old code has been fully migrated, the deprecated rule should be deleted
• [SUPERSEDES] comments are permanent traceability — they stay in the file

Step 2.7: Handle Existing Patterns and Landmines

Before creating a new pattern or landmine, check whether one already exists for the same area or concern. This prevents duplicates and keeps rules consolidated.

Actions:

1. Search existing rules in all enabled tool directories (.claude/rules/, .github/instructions/) for files covering the same topic, module, or concern
2. Also check module-level CLAUDE.md files for related caution sections or pattern notes
3. Classify what you found:

When updating an existing file:

• Read the full existing content first
• Preserve the existing structure (pattern template or landmine template)
• Add new information in the appropriate section (new symptoms to Symptoms, new code examples to Safe Approach, new mistakes to Common Mistakes, etc.)
• Update the Changelog at the bottom with a new version entry
• Update Last Updated date
• Always prompt the user before updating an existing file — show what will change and ask for confirmation:

I found an existing [pattern/landmine] that covers this area:
  → [file path]

The [signal: user correction / repeated fix / etc.] revealed new information:
  → [what was learned]

I'd like to update the existing file by:
  → [specific changes: add new symptom, add code example, update Safe Approach, etc.]

Should I:
1. Update the existing file (recommended)
2. Create a separate new rule instead
3. Skip — this isn't worth capturing

Step 3: Generate the Artifacts

For each learning, create or update the appropriate file using the resolution determined in Steps 2.5 and 2.7:

New Rule

When a convention, constraint, or danger was discovered, create in each enabled target format. Use the appropriate frontmatter for each tool:

• Claude Code (.claude/rules/*.md): paths: ["glob/pattern/**"] — if claude target enabled
• VS Code Copilot (.github/instructions/*.instructions.md): applyTo: "glob/pattern/**" — if copilot target enabled

The rule body is the same across tools — only the frontmatter differs. Choose the appropriate structure:

Pattern Rules — for conventions and reusable approaches. Follow the full pattern template from skills/_references/patterns/_TEMPLATE.md. Include: Category, Virtues (which code virtues it serves), When to Use / Not Good For, Problem It Solves, The Pattern (step-by-step with code from the actual codebase), Complete Example, Best Practices, Common Mistakes (wrong/fix code), Variations, Testing This Pattern (with test code), Performance Considerations, Related (with relationship types: Composes with, Alternative to, Prevents, Misapplication causes), Changelog.

Landmine Rules — for danger zones and known traps. Follow the full landmine template from skills/_references/landmines/_TEMPLATE.md. Include: Severity with evidence justification, Threatens (which code virtues it endangers), Category, Quick Summary, Symptoms, Root Cause, The Trap, Safe Approach (Don't/Do with code from the actual codebase), Validation (with grep/search commands), Real-World Impact (cite specific files/instances), Prevention, Related (Safe Patterns, Other Landmines, Caused by misapplying), Origin, Changelog.

Guidelines:

• Scope the glob as narrowly as possible — anti-patterns: **/*, **/src/**, **/*.py. Good: **/src/api/routes/**/*.ts, **/models/**/*repository*. Include file naming conventions in the glob when applicable.
• Include code examples from the actual codebase — abstract rules without code are not actionable. No placeholder names like MyService or doSomething() unless the project uses them.
• State the rule as a clear instruction, not a description
• Include the "why" — it helps AI tools apply the rule correctly
• Name the file after the concern: api-error-handling.md, sync-race-condition.md
• Pattern and landmine rules should be as detailed as the templates require — typically 50-150 lines

Module CLAUDE.md Update

When a danger zone or module-specific pattern was found (if claude target enabled):

• If no CLAUDE.md exists in that directory, create one
• If one exists, add to the relevant section (Caution, Patterns)
• Keep it concise — only what someone working in this module needs to know

Root Context File Update

When project-level understanding changed, update root context files for enabled targets:

• CLAUDE.md — Claude Code (if claude target enabled)
• AGENTS.md — Universal (always)

For each:

• Update the specific section (Architecture, Grain, Module Map, Vocabulary)
• Don't rewrite sections that haven't changed

Agent Update

When the explorer agent's prompt should include new knowledge, update enabled target formats:

• .claude/agents/*.md — Claude Code (if claude target enabled)
• .github/agents/*.agent.md — VS Code Copilot (if copilot target enabled)

For each:

• Add to the agent's context about architecture, danger zones, or module relationships
• Keep the agent prompt focused — it's context, not a manual

Step 3.5: Clean Up Deprecated Artifacts

After generating new artifacts, check whether any [DEPRECATED] tags in the project can be resolved:

1. Scan existing rules and CLAUDE.md files for [DEPRECATED — migrate to X] markers
2. For each deprecated artifact, check whether the old pattern still exists in the codebase (search for actual usage, not just the rule)
3. If the old pattern is fully gone — delete the deprecated rule and inform the user
4. If the old pattern still exists — leave the [DEPRECATED] tag in place

This keeps the configuration clean over time without losing guidance for code that still needs it.

Step 3.7: Validate Generated Artifacts

Before presenting the summary, verify all generated/updated artifacts are correct:

1. Path glob check — For each new or updated rule, verify the path glob matches at least one real file in the project. Run a quick glob match. If zero files match, the glob is wrong — fix it before proceeding. Anti-patterns: **/*, **/src/**, or **/*.ext that match everything.

2. Line limit check — If any context file (CLAUDE.md, AGENTS.md) was updated, count its lines. If over 100 (or 125 max), split content into a scoped rule or module-level file instead.

3. Cross-reference integrity — For each new rule created, verify its Related section links to at least one existing rule. Then update the linked rules' Related sections to link back (bidirectional). If an existing rule's Related section doesn't mention the new rule, add it.

4. Template completeness — For each new pattern rule, verify it has ALL sections from the reference template. For each new landmine rule, same check. Missing sections should be filled, not skipped.

5. Code example audit — Every code example must use the project's actual types, imports, and conventions — not generic placeholders.

Step 4: Present Summary

## Learnings Applied

**Task:** [what was completed]
**Trigger:** [manual | auto: user correction | auto: repeated fix | auto: change broke something | auto: rejected code | auto: undocumented convention | auto: undocumented trap]

**Virtue(s) Protected:** [which of the 7 Code Virtues this learning protects — Working / Unique / Simple / Clear / Easy / Developed / Brief]

**Created:**
- [artifact type]: [file path] — [what was created]

**Updated (existing):**
- [artifact type]: [file path] — [what was added/changed in the existing file]

**Conflicts Resolved:**
- [file path] — [resolution: replaced / deprecated / scope-split / kept existing] — [reason]

**Deprecated Rules Cleaned Up:**
- [file path] — old pattern no longer found in codebase, rule deleted

**Why:** [brief explanation of what triggered these updates]

Omit sections that have no entries (Created, Updated, Conflicts Resolved, Deprecated Rules Cleaned Up).

Notes

• This skill is language-agnostic — works for any project type
• Generate artifacts for the current AI tool in use (Claude Code or VS Code Copilot).
• Every output must be a native artifact for the enabled AI tools (rules, agents, context files) — not a log or template file
• Read existing files before updating — build on what's there, don't duplicate
• Never create a duplicate rule — always check for existing patterns/landmines covering the same concern before creating new files (Step 2.7)
• Never silently replace or delete existing rules — always prompt the user when new knowledge contradicts existing content
• Always prompt the user before updating an existing pattern or landmine — show what will change and let them choose (update, create separate, or skip)
• Auto-update without prompting is fine only for additive changes to context files (CLAUDE.md, AGENTS.md) that deepen existing content
• Keep rules and CLAUDE.md content concise — verbose documentation goes stale and wastes context
• Not every task produces learnings — it's fine to run this and conclude "nothing to update"
• When auto-triggered, finish the immediate fix first, then capture the learning — don't interrupt the user's flow
• When unsure whether something deserves a rule vs. a CLAUDE.md note: rules are for constraints that should always be enforced, CLAUDE.md is for context that helps Claude make better decisions
• [DEPRECATED] tags have a lifecycle — they should be cleaned up once the old pattern is fully gone, not left indefinitely
• When both old and new patterns coexist, prefer scope-split over replace — old code still needs its rules until it's actually changed

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